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• hw^b^wôh ôpmqpmjhb ^gbpbu (Application program interface, API). umh-Jmbrn^bph, qnpôhfm^mq^ U hmrçnprçw-^mpqbph (protocol) hmJm^mJp, nph gngn^ ^mpqm4np4mJ t mmppbp ôpmqpmjhb m^mhn^^^bph hmJmqnpôm^gm-pjm^p3: Uju^hun^, hbmpm4np t J2m^b[ mlhmmm^mb ^hbmbum^mb ^gngbbph ^mnm4mpJmb hm4bi4môbbp' hmumbb-ihmpjmb m^mhn^bLn^ hm6m^np^h Imbum^ml ^gng^bph ^wnw4wpJwb qnp-ôhftibphti mbhpmdb2m mbrçb^mm4m.pjm-bp (pmb^mjhb hm2h^bp, bnijbm^mbmg-
Jmb m4jm|bbp U mj|b):
• Uphbumm^mb pmbm^mbnLpjnib (Artificial Intelligence). qhrnmmb^bn|nqhm^mb
nph hhJmb ^pm umbq&4m& Spmqpb-pp ^mpn^ bb hbfbnLpnLjb ^bp^n4 hpm^m-bmgbb| mmppbp qnp&mnnLjpbbp' ^b^hp-bbph Lmfcrnd (problem solving), npn2ni.^b-ph pb^nLbrnJ (decision making), pmpqJm-bnLpjnib, hm6m^np^h ^^J^m^m^mgmJ1
Smjbh, ^hJm6mbm^Jmb,Jmmbmhbmeh 2ngn4 U mj|b: LJmbmmh^ pmqJmph4 hm-
4b|4m6bbp |mjbnpbb ^hpmn4nLJ bb spb-mbunLpjmb ^hbmbum^mb hmm^mSmJ (nnpnm-^nphp^.mmnibbp, qnpSmpfh bnLj-bm^mbmgniJ U mj|b^:
• ^bpbbmjm^mb mumgmJ (machine learning)1 np^bu mphbumm^mb pmbm^m-bnLpjmb mmpp, npp ^bbmpnbmbni.J t hm-Jm^mpqh^^bph «hhfhnLpnLjhwpwp un^n-pb|m» m^m^mpjm^ 4pm' wnwhg ^m^m-^bu Spmqpm^npJm^5:
pmn^^J t m^jmi^bph m^mnJmmmg^mS hm^wpwqpJwh U h^^^bu
^mU wp^jnLhphbph hhJm^ 4pm ^m^^m-mbum^bph hpw^whwgJwh hmJmp: C^^-qp^mJ t m4jw|hbph J2m^Jm^ mmppbp ^pn^^bp' ^bpmnjm| hbjpnhwjh^ gm^gbpp (neural networking) U ^npmg4m6 mumgmJp (deep learning)6: h mmppbpmpjm^ mphbu-sm^mb pm^m^m^mpjm^, nph wnwhg-fmJ mpmJmpmbm^mb U ^mbnbm4np pn^.bbpb bb, 4bp2hbu hh^4mJ t Sm4m| m4jm|bbph mum^muhpmpjmb U ^pm mp^.jmbfmJ h hmjm b^m6 qmpqmg-Jmb hbsmqSh 4pm, npp ^mpmm^hp ^t, np |hbh hbmmhmh4 ^mJ nmghnbm|: <mm-^mb2m^mb t, np m4jm|bbpp ^mpn^ bb bbp^mjmg4m6 |hbb| gmb^mgmS SUm^m-^n47:
Fintech and Innovations, Basel committee, hwuwbbih t' https://www.bis.org/topic/fintech.htm, ^bp£hb Jmmf' oqnumnuh 30, 2020 p.:
Shrikant Srivastava, How Does the Fintech and Banking Sector Use APIs?, August 2020, Appinventive blog, hwuwbbih t' https://appinventiv.com/blog/use-of-apis-in-fintech/, ^bp£hb Jmmf' oqnumnuh 30, 2020 p.:
B.J. Copeland, Artificial intelligence, last updated: Aug 11, 2020, Encyclopedia Britannica, hwuwbbih t' https://www.britannica. com/technology/artificial-intelligence, ^bp£hb Jmmf' oqnumnuh 31, 2020 p.:
Oxford Dictionary definition, hwuwbbih t' https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/machine-learning#:~:-text=machine%20learning-,noun,being%20programmed%20to%20do%20them, ^bp£hb Jmmf' oqnumnuh 31, 2020 p.:
"Artificial Intelligence vs. Machine Learning vs. Deep Learning: What's the Difference" by Serokell, April 10, 2020, hwuwbbih t' https://medium.com/ai-in-plain-english/artificial-intelligence-vs-machine-learning-vs-deep-learning-whats-the-difference-dc-cce18efe7f, ^bp£hb Jmmf' oqnumnuh 31, 2020 p.:
"Applications of Machine Learning in FinTech" by Medici, April 6, 2016, hwuwbbih t' https://medium.com/@gomedici/appli-cations-of-machine-learning-in-fintech-838ab09af87d#:~:text=Machine%20learning%20is%20a%20type,learn%20without%20 being%20explicitly%20programmed.&text=Many%20startups%20have%20disrupted%20the,learning%20as%20their%20key%20 technology., ^bp2hb Jmmf' oqnumnu 31, 2020 p.:
• hpbph hmJmgmbg (Internet of Things, IoT)' hmjbgm^mpq. ^m4npni.J t mmppbp rnb^bninqhmbbp' ^m4m6 m^bopjm oq-mmqnpSJmb umpf m4npm^bph (^bbgm-^mjhb mb^bh^m, m4sn^f bbmbbp, hb-nm^nubbp U mj|b) ^mubm^mb hmumbb-Lhmpjmb m^mhn4Jmbp hmJmgmbgnLJ' hm6m^np^bbphb mbhmmm^mb Smnmjm-pjmbbbph JmmnLgJmb' ^nJmbm| 4^mpmJ-bbph, mb4mmbqmpjmb m^mhn4Jmb U mj| b^mmm^bbpn48:
• m4jm|bbph 4bpL^Smpjmb (Big data analitics). hmu^mgmpjmb, np ^hpmnb|h t ^hmJm^mpq4m6 (t|b^mpnbmjhb ^num, hmJmgmbgmjhb mpm$h^) U hmJm^mpq-4mS (m4jm|bbph pmqmbbp) 6m4m|h m4jm|bbph 4bpLm6mpjmbp pbmpmqpb|m hmJmp: Cb^. npni.J, bJmbmmh^ m4jm|-bbph 4bpLnL&nLpjnLbp hbmpm4np ^t hpm-^mbmgbb| m4mb^m^mb ^pn^.bbpn4: Uju mb^bn|nqhmjh ^b^pmJ oqmmqnpS-4mJ bb hmJmgmbghg ^mJ mb^mjhb (|n-^m|) gmbgbphg ummg4n^. U ^mqJm^bp-^mpjmbbbph ^n^^g hm4mpmqp4n^ U oqmmqnp64nT. m4jm|bbpp' pmgmhmjmb-|n4, ophbm^, hbmmqSbph, ^nnb|jmghm-bbph U m4jm|bbph ^mrn^bpp: Mmpn^ t hh^4b| ^fbbmjm^mb ni.uni.gJmb ^mJ mj| mb^bn|nqhmbbph 4pm9:
• Pw2^4wS qpwbgwJwmjwbbbph mb^-bn|nqhm ^mJ p|n^bjb (Distributed ledger technology, blockchain). ^ fmbh ^n^^ph ^2U pm2^4m6 m4jm|bbph pmqm, npb oq-mwqnp&4nLJ t hwJw5wjbbg4w& qnp&wpg-bbph hpm^mbmgJmb hmJmp: UnmbSbm-hmmm^ t bpmbn4, np pn|np ^n^^pb m-bbb ^mubn U/^mJ ^mmbum^ m4jm|bbp ^bbmpnbm^mjmbh hbm: Uju mb^bn|n-
qhmb m^mhn4ni.J t hmum|h ^m2m^m-bmpjmb ^hpbnhmpSm^m^bphg U mb^b-^mm4m^mb mpmmhnuphg™:
• ^b|mgh ^mjJmbmqpbp (Smart contacts). t|b^mpnbmjhb ^mjJmbmqph SU, npp ^mpn^ t hbfbmpmjb ^bp^n4 m4mpm4b| ^mjJmbmqprnJ b24m6 ^mjJmbbbph m-4mpm4b|mb ^bu: Uju mb^bn|nqhmb ^m-pn^ t hbmpm4np oqnimbbp m^mhn4b| qnp&mnbm^mb Sm^ubph b4mqbgJmb, o^bpmmh4 hm Jmqnp&m^gnipjmb mbu-mb^jmbhg":
• UJ^mjhb hm4mpmqpmJ (Cloud computing). gmbgmjhb Smnmjmpjmbbbph Jm-mm^mpmpbbph ^n^^g mpmJm^p4n^. t|b^mpnbmjhb ^mhngbbp, npnbf $hbmb-um^mb ^mqJm^bp^mpjmbbbphb hbmpm-4npmpjmb bb mm|hu hm4mpmqpb|m U 4bp[nL6b|m m4b|h ^6m6m4m| m4jm|bbp' b4mqbgbb|n4 qnygh U mb^bh^w^wb mqm-hn4Jmb Sm^ubpp12:
• Mph^mnqpm^hm. ^hpwn4nLJ t m4jw|-bbph ^m2m^mbmpjmb hmJmp13:
• Mbbum^m^mpjmb (Biometrics). ^h-pmn4nLJ t mbhmmm^mb ^bbum^m^m-^mb 6mbm^Jmb hmJmp (Jmmbmhbmf, ^hJm6mbm^mJ, Smjbmjhb 6mbm^mJ U mj|b)' b^mumb|n4 Jmp^mbg mb4mmb-qnipjmb m^mhn4JmbpM:
<mJmSmjb Pmqb|jmb ^n^mbh U Toronto ^bbmpnbh pbnpn2Jmb' ^hbmb^bbpp ^mpn^ bb ^pm^mb mq^bgmpjmb mbbbm| ^hbmbum^mb hmm4m6h 4pm ^npu hh J-bm^mb m^^mpjmbbbpn4.
1. Jpgw^gnipjwb ^npwgmJ, nphb b^wu-mni.J bb ^hbmbum^mb nbumpubbph hm-umbb|h^pj^bp U ^bbmpnbmgmJp hm6m-^np^bbph mbhmmm^mb bm^muhpm-
The internet of things: An overview, Investopedia terms and definitions, hwuuibb[f) t' https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/in-ternet-things.asp#:~:text=The%20Internet%20of%20Things%20(IoT)%20is%20a%20network%20of%20physical,information%20 about%20the%20human%20body., i^bpgfib dmmf' oqnumnu^ 31, 2020 p.:
"Big Data', Investopedia terms and definitions, t' https://www.investopedia.eom/terms/b/big-data.asp, ijbpgfib
dmmf' oqnumnu 31, 2020 p.:
"Blockchain 101: Overview', Builtin topic guide, hwuuibb[f) t' https://builtin.com/blockchain, ijbpgfib dmmf' oqnumnu^ 31, 2020 p.:
"Smart Contracts", Investopedia terms and definitions, hmumbb[^ t' https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smart-contracts.asp, lbp2fib dmmf' oqnumnu^ 31, 2020 p.:
"Cloud computing", Investopedia terms and definitions, hwuuibb[f) t' https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cloud-computing. asp, ibpgfib dmmf' oqnumnu^ 31, 2020 p.:
"Definition of Cryptography, The Economic Times Definitions, hwuuibb[f) t' https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/ cryptography, ibpgfib dmmf' oq.numnufi 31, 2020 p.:
"Biometrics", Investopedia terms and definitions, hwuuibb[f) t' https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/biometrics.asp#:~:tex-t=Biometrics%20refers%20to%20digitally%20encoding,both%20consumer%20and%20commercial%20use., ^bpg^^ dmmp' oqnumnufi 31, 2020 p.:
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^öm^mm^bp 1 -hg bpUmd t, np lbp-^pm^bph öm^m[Q 2020 p. mnmghl bnmd-uj m^rnd l^mqb[ t' hmulb|n^ 2017 p. dm-^mp^m^hl: Um hh^m^mlmd ^m^mö t lnp $hlmb^ ^mqdm^bp^mpjmllbpmd U ummpmm^bpmd lbp^prn^bph l^mqdmli hbm: U"hmdmdmlm^, ^hlmlum^ml hlu-mhmmmlbpl pl^[mjlmd bl $hlmb^ n|np-mmd lbp^pm^bpp1 ^mjdmlm^np^mö bl-pm^mnmg^möflbph p^mjlmgdml mlhpm-db2mmpjmdp, ^blmpnlmlmin^ hh^m^ml ^mpn^mpjmllbph (core competencies) qmp-qmgdml ^pm:
<mdm2^mphmjhl mlmbumpjml ml-gni.^ mpmq mpömqmlfdml hm^möqlm-dmdmjhl pmj|bphg T-b^h ^bpm^mlqln-^m^ml qmpqmgdml ^gngmnm^bp lnp hlmpm^npmpjmllbp t plöbnmd $hl-mb^ n[npmh qmpqmgdml hmdmp (oph-lm^1 unghm[m^ml hbnm^npmpjml ^mh-^mldml mlhpmdb2mmpjmlQ l^mumb[
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15 State Of Fintech Q1'20 Report: Investment & Sector Trends To Watch", t2 11, hmumlb[h t' https://www.cbinsights.com/reports/ CB-Insights_Fintech-Report-Q1-2020.pdf, ^bp£hl dmmf' oqnumnuh 30, 2020 p.:
2019 :-anutihijuiif 2019 2-onwrfiijuiif 2019 3-hr, unhiju2019 4-onunhijuiif 2020 : -snuiiiitjuiLj
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2.
3.
"World Economic Outlook, The Great Lock-down", p.1, IMF World Economic Outlook Rreports, April 2020, https://www.imf.org/-/ media/Files/Publications/WEO/2020/April/English/ text.ashx
"Fintech and Innovations", Basel committee, https://www.bis.org/topic/fintech.htm Shrikant Srivastava, "How Does the Fintech and Banking Sector Use APIs?", August 2020, Appinventive blog, https://appinventiv. com/blog/use-of-apis-in-fintech/ B.J. Copeland, "Artificial intelligence", last updated: Aug 11, 2020, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/technology/ artificial-intelligence
Oxford Dictionary definition, https://www. oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/
7.
machine-learning#:~:text=machine%20learn-
ing-,noun,being%20programmed%20to%20do%20
them
"Artificial Intelligence vs. Machine Learning vs. Deep Learning: What's the Difference" by Serokell, April 10, 2020, https://medium. com/ai-in-plain-english/artificial-intelligence-vs-ma-chine-learning-vs-deep-learning-whats-the-differ-ence-dccce18efe7f
"Applications of Machine Learning in Fin-
Tech" by Medici, April 6, 2016, https://medi-
um.com/@gomedici/applications-of-machine-learn-
ing-in-fintech-838ab09af87d#:~:text=Machine%20
learning%20is%20a%20type,learn%20without%20
being%20explicitly%20programmed.&text=Ma-
ny%20startups%20have%20disrupted%20the,learn-
ing%20as%20their%20key%20technology
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Альберт АИРАПЕТЯН
Ассистент кафедры международных экономических отношений АГЭУ, кандидат экономических наук
ТРАЕКТОРИЯ ПАНДЕМИИ
КОРОНАВИРУС - СТИМУЛ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ФИНАНСОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Кризис, обусловленный новой пандемией коронавируса, оказывает влияние и на сферу финансовых технологий. Ограниченный доступ к финансам препятству-ет деятельности стартапов и новаторских компаний. В то же время финтех-компании с устоявшимися бизнес-моделями пересматривают свои стратегии развития, чтобы справиться с кризисом. В статье представлены изменения, произошедшие в финтех-секторе за 2019-2020 гг. с целью выявления траектории дальнейшего развития сектора.
Ключевые слова: финансовые технологии, искусственный интеллект, машинное обучение, интернет вещей, большие данные, технология распределенного реестра, пандемия
Albert HAYRAPETYAN
PhD in Economics, Assistant Professor in the Chair of International Economics of ASUE
PANDEMIC TRAJECTORY
CORONAVIRUS AS A STIMULUS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Economic crisis which is the direct consequence of COVID-19 pandemic has not bypassed the sphere of financial technologies. The access to financial means significantly impairs the activities of startups and newly set-up businesses. At the same time, financial companies with sustainable business models revise their development strategies to be able to withstand the crisis. The paper discusses the changes in the field of financial technologies from March, 2019 till the time of writing. It aims to outline the future developments of the field.
Key words: financial technologies, artificial intellect, machine learning, internet of things,
big data, distributed ledger technology, pandemic
