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collisions, transformations and providing stable development.
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Authors information
Olga M. Zheleznyakova - Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: zelez.olga@gmail.com
Natalia V. Buzdalova - Graduate Student of Pedagogics and Social Work Department, Faculty of Pedagogics and Psychology Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
For citations: Zheleznyakova O.M., Buzdalova N.V. The basis of trinitarian didactics, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 162-167. DOI 10.14526/03 2017 253
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_254
THE PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOMOTOR REACTIONS AMONG DIFFERENT
COMBAT STYLES FOIL FENCERS
Sofia B. Lavrenteva — Postgraduate, National State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Health named after P.F. Lesgaft, block 35., Dekabristov str., Saint-Petersburg, 190121, Russia
E-mail: dracospirit.s@,gmail.com
Annotation. The problem of an individual style formation in any sphere of activity is based on a person's typological peculiarities study. Psychomotor reactions and characteristics of attention, conditioned by a sportsman's personality peculiarities, form the base offencers' many specialized skills of different combat activity tactical orientation. Materials. Taking into account the peculiarities of psychomotor reactions and attention characteristics the representatives of different manners of competitive combat will help to increase the effectiveness of training individualization among qualified foil fencers. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature analysis and summarizing, pedagogical observation, testing, statistical data manipulation. Results. The article presents the results of testing qualified foil fencers, who have their individual style of combat, in order to reveal the differences in psychomotor reactions and characteristics of attention demonstrations. Conclusion. The received research results prove the necessity to take into account the differences between the representatives of different combat manner in fencers sports training and, according to modern tendencies of fencing development, use these peculiarities during individual manner of competitive activity development among foil fencers.
Keywords: foil fencing, psychomotor reactions, characteristics of attention, individual style of combat, modern tendencies.
Introduction.
The level of the separate psychomotor characteristics development study is very important in training sportsmen-combatants for competitive activity effectiveness increase. These psychomotor characteristics are demonstrated in a quick decisions making, in the ability to react accurately, in a timely analysis of the opponent's actions in terms of the combat constantly changing conflict situations [2].
The level of general and special training characterizes not only the degree of the training effects influence on a fencer, but also the peculiarities of his motional abilities individual development, which are demonstrated in the differences of sportsmen's competitive combat manner and in the peculiarities of psychophysical qualities demonstration [5]. In fencing the peculiarities of psychomotor reactions and characteristics of attention development are the important components of a specialized readiness [8].
The research results show the interconnection between sportsmen's individual psychophysical characteristics and
the manner of competitive activity formation [1,6,7].
The aim of the research: to define the peculiarities of foil fencers' individual-typological differences demonstration on the basis of their psychomotor reactions and characteristics of attention.
Objectives:
1. To reveal the degree of psychomotor reactions among different styles foil fencers competitive activity.
2. To determine the differences in the development level of attention characteristics among the representatives of different combat styles in foil fencing.
Research organization.
During the research the complex of psychomotor indices was tested, which characterize the time of a simple motional reaction (TSMR), time of reaction with a choice (TDMR - time of a difficult motional reaction), anticipatory reaction to a moving object (ARMO), tapping test (neural processes lability index); indices testing of attention characteristics with the help of "correction task" and "Schulte
tables" tests.
20 athletes sportsmen of high qualification in foil fencing (masters of sports (MS), Candidate Masters of Sports (CMS)) took part in the research.
Time indices of a simple reaction characterize the training level of athletes [4]. At the same time, latent time of motional reaction is determined by neural processes - balance and mobility - and characterizes individual neurodynamic abilities of a athlete [9].
With the help of reaction estimation to a moving object the peculiarities of anticipation (the ability to percept an objective time) processes development were analyzed. In terms of a sports combat this index characterizes the
ability to predict the actions of an opponent.
In order to define maximum tempo of movements, which is individually conditioned index, tapping -test was used. It characterizes typological characteristics of higher nervous activity: neural centers lability.
The examined foil fencers were divided into three groups, which differ in individual style of competitive activity, with the help of combat organization means content analysis at competitions and training lessons. The styles of combat were determined on the basis of our previous research works and were divided according to the following styles: mobile -offensive, mobile-defensive and combined [3]. Research results
'able 1 - Psychomotor indices of dif ferent typological groups foil fencers competitive activity (n = 20)
TESTS Mobile -offensive (M.o.) Mobile-defensive (M.d.) Combined (C.) Statistical summary
M±m M±m M±m
TSMR (ms) 151 ± 13 202 ± 9 172 ±11 M.o.-M.o. p<0,05 M.o.-C. p>0,05 M.d.-C. p<0,05
TDMR (ms) 239 ± 16 294 ± 19 285 ± 21 M.o.-M.d. p<0,05 M.o.-C. p<0,05 M.d.-C. p>0,05
ARMO (ms) -1,4 ±0.4 -0,6 ± 0,3 -0,7 ± 0,2 M.o.-M.d. p<0,05 M.o.-C. p>0,05 M.d.-C. p>0,05
Tapping-test (beats) 79 ± 5 71 ± 3 82 ± 4 M.o.-M.d. p<0,05 M.o.-C. p<0,05 M.d.-C. p<0,05
The results of a simple motional reaction estimation (table 1, picture 1) show, that the mean value for mobile -offensive style athletes was 151 ± 13 ms, for mobiledefensive style - 202 ± 9 ms, for combined style - 172 ms ±11 ms.
The received data comparison analysis for three groups in estimating the time of a simple motional reaction showed valid difference between the results of the mobile -offensive style and the mobile-defensive style and between the mobile-defensive style and the combined style athletes.
The results of a difficult motional reaction time estimation also showed valid differences, apart from the indices of mobiledefensive and combined styles foil fencers (table 1, picture 1). In the group of the combined style the mean value of a difficult reaction time was 285 ± 21 ms. At the same time, it is necessary to mention, that the sportsmen of mobile -offensive style, having lower time of reaction (239 ± 16 ms), made mistakes while choosing the correct decision 11% more than mobile-defensive style athletes and 15% more than combined style fencers.
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
SMR
DMR
1 Mobile -offensive Mobile-defensive ♦ Combined
Picture 1 - The indices of simple and difficult motional reactions of foil fencers of different styles
of combat
The results of anticipatory reaction (ARMO) testing showed specific differences only between the mobile-defensive and mobile-offensive styles athletes (table 1, picture 2). The results also show that mobiledefensive and combined styles fencers had more adequate reaction to a moving object, their indices of an absolute value of the
0 -
-0,2 -0,4 -0,6
-0,8 -
-1 -1,2 -1,4 -1,6
ARMO
\ Mobile-offensive ¿i Mobile-defensive Combined
mistake were mainly close to an optimal value (zero). Statistical summary between the indices of the tapping-test (table 1, picture 3) of all three groups also proves specific differences between the styles of combat and the advantage of the combined style over other styles.
85
80 75 70 65
Tapping-test
^ Mobile-offensive ^ Mobile-defensive " Combined
Picture 2 - The indices of reaction to a moving object among foil fencers of different styles of combat
Thus, taking into account the results, given in the table, we can say that there are
Picture 3 - The indices of tapping-test among foil fencers of different styles of combat
differences between the groups of the individual styles fencers representatives. At
170
the same time, taking into consideration modern tendencies of fencing development, there is an opportunity to improve it, trying to make own manner of combat close to the combined style, in order to increase the effectiveness of competitive activity.
Rapidity and some unpredictability of fencing combat conditions the definite demands placed upon the following psychic processes development: attention and thinking. The results of correction task (table 2) showed, that in the average in all
three groups there is a satisfactory level of attention convertibility (5,9 ± 2,5 points). At the same time, 42,8% of athletes are characterized by a high level of productivity, 45,5% - satisfactory and 11,7% - low. Time of "Schulte tables" test fulfillment (table 2) in the average according to all three groups was 52,6 ± 6,7 s.
This index characterizes the respondents as people with good level of attention convertibility in terms of an active useful information choice.
№ Individual style of combat Indices of attention characteristics
Correction task, points "Schulte tables" test, s
M ± m M ± m
1 Mobile-offensive 5,3 ± 1,2 54,2 ± 7,8
2 Mobile-defensive 6,4 ± 1,6 50,3 ± 7,6
3 Combined 7,1 ± 1,3 53,1 ± 7,4
Statistical summary
1 M.o. - M.d. p>0,05 p>0,05
2 M.o. - C. p<0,05 p>0,05
3 M.d. - C. p>0,05 p<0,05
The index of the combined style foil fencers is validly higher, than among the representatives of mobile-offensive style, in the test of attention focusing and redirection determination - "Schulte tables" test, and higher than among the representatives of mobile-defensive style in the results of "Correction task" test. While comparing other groups no valid differences were revealed, most diagnosed indices were in the zone of statistical homogeneity.
Conclusion. On the basis of scientific-methodical literature analysis pedagogical observations over competitive activity of highly-qualified foil fencers, three kinds of athletes's individual styles were revealed. Operating content of combat activity analysis helped to refer them to mobile-offensive, mobile-defensive and combined combat styles.
Psychomotor characteristics study proved the thesis, that depending on individual peculiarities, there are differences
between the definite styles of combat, but at the same time, there is an opportunity to improve an individual manner of combat if there is the desire to enlarge repertoire of the used combat actions and make an athlete closer to the combined style of fencing in order to improve his mastery and competitive activity effectiveness.
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Authors information
Sofia B. Lavrenteva — Postgraduate, National State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Health Named after P.F. Lesgaft, block 35., Dekabristov str., Saint-Petersburg, 190121, Russia, Email: dracospirit.s@gmail.com
For citations: Lavrenteva S.B. The peculiarities of psychomotor reactions among foil fencers of different styles of combat, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems ofphysical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 167-172. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_254
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_255
PSYCHOLOGICAL-PEDAGOGICAL BASIS OF GENDER UPBRINGING
Ludmila D. Nazarenko - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Elena E. Panova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor Olga N. Valkina - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: Id nazarenko@mail.ru
