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Submitted: 23.08.2017 Received: 25.08.2017
Authors information
Svetlana N. Klyuchnikova - Associate Professor, Candidate of Pedagogics Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
Vladimir V. Vavilov - Candidate of Pedagogics Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia Anatoli I. Ushnikov - Associate Professor, Candidate of Pedagogics Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
For citations: Kluchnikova S.N., Vavilov V.V., Ushnikov A.I. Effectiveness increase model of body-building lessons, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 48-54. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_235
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_236
SYSTEM APPROACH USE FOR THE METHODOLOGY CREATION OF TECHNICAL TRAINING IMPROVEMENT AMONG QUALIFIED BOXERS
Igor S. Kolesnik - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Faat A. Gatin -Postgraduate Dmitriy A. Osipov — Postgraduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: kolesnik.65@mail.ru
Annotation. Striking actions form the main content of qualified boxers' competitive activity. Their effectiveness is conditioned by several factors: the level of general and special physical readiness; the ability to master, analyze and use new information about the means and methods of technical readiness increase among qualified boxers; the influence of technical readiness indices on the tactics of the fight; the use of single and series of striking actions; the ability to control the opponent's actions; psycho-emotional state control as structural components and technical training components. Material. The article is about the necessity to use system approach in order to reveal structural content of technical readiness; systematize its components and elements. It helps to determine the role and place of each element and component of technical training for boxers' sportsmanship improvement, for the tactics of the fight selection. Research methods: scientific and methodical literature analysis and systematization, progressive pedagogical experience of the specialists-boxing trainers summarizing, pedagogical experiment, testing, mathematical statistics methods. Results. With the level of general and special physical readiness increase the importance of independent training among qualified boxers increases, directed at coordination training indices increase, which is closely connected with the results of competitive activity. Technical training is directed not only at the most effective means and methods of the attacking and defensive techniques
use, but also at the following important components formation: motivation and goal-setting, motor memory, attention, perception development, objective estimation of own activity and also spatiotemporal and spatio-power parameters of the opponent's motor acts. Conclusion. The results of the pedagogical experiment proved the effectiveness of technical training improvement methodology among qualified boxers, created on the basis of system analysis according to the degree of motivation and goal-setting formation, motor memory improvement, the opponent's and own actions estimation and analysis.
Keywords: boxing, technical training, system approach, methodology, pedagogical experiment.
Urgency. The interest in boxing is conditioned by the effectiveness of its influence on all physiological systems and functions of an organism. Boxing provides many-sided development, forms volitional qualities of an individual, moral behavior, develops intellectual and motor-coordinating qualities; teaches how to overcome lack of self-confidence, fear, physical pain; involves into mastering the system of knowledge about oneself and environment [5-7]. Being based on natural locomotions, boxing is available for everyone, doesn't demand special qualities development and while mastering practical skills and abilities forms the need for self-actualization, self-development, self-improvement and self-realization. In boxing, it is important to be able to avoid the attacking strike and strike the opponent. It demands special physical and technical training. Technical training is directed at the skills formation of effective attacking strikes fulfillment, which provide the advantage of the attacking boxer over his opponent. An effective strike demands the highest indices of muscular power development, speed qualities, quick reaction capability. It conditioned the orientation of different methodologies of technical training development, offered by the specialists in boxing, mainly for the level of general and special physical readiness increase, which provides speed-power qualities, quick reaction capability, general special endurance increase. However, technical training of boxers is a difficult process, which includes the following components: the corresponding level of theoretical training, which provides the system of special knowledge formation; the ability development to analyze and master new information about the technologies and
methodologies of sportsmanship improvement among combatants.
An important component, which considerably conditions the quality of qualified boxers' sports training, is the trainer's professional level; the level of personal and motor-coordinating qualities development [5, 13]. At the same time, great importance has complex development of qualitative sides of motor activity, which provides, apart from muscular power, speed, endurance, dexterity, accuracy and body steadiness indices improvement, the level of mobility, flexibility and rhythmicity of movements increase. Underestimation of these indices importance can influence the effectiveness of competitive activity. Mobility as motor-coordinating quality provides the quickness of the separate motor actions fulfillment, unexpected change of their character, speed of reaction to the changing situation. Flexibility helps a boxer to take comfortable for further actions pose, provides flexibility and elasticity of muscular and connective tissue; rhythmicity of motor actions conditions their character and the peculiarities of fulfillment in different time periods.
In order to achieve an optimal level of motor-coordinating qualities development complex a sportsman has to fulfill special exercises independently during free time. A boxer's readiness to solve the problem of motor activity increase qualitative sides was conditioned not only by the ability to realize intellectual and volitional potential, but also by the degree of coordination, motivation and goal-setting formation; by the aspiration to self-development and self-improvement, high level of social status achievement. It proves the fact that a boxer's technical training has a
difficult structural content, each element of which demands its role and place realization in the level of sportsmanship improvement.
The aim of this research work is theoretical substantiation of the system approach importance for the methodology creation of technical training development among qualified boxers.
Objectives: 1. To reveal structural content of technical training among those, who go in for sports.
2. To create the methodology of technical training improvement among boxers on the basis of the system approach use.
Materials. According to the opinion of the leading specialists Z.M. Khusyaynov, 1995; V.I. Filimonov, 2007; V.V. Gozhin, O.B. Malkov, 2008; K.V. Gradopolov, 2010 and others, boxers' sportsmanship improvement is connected with an individual style of combat formation. Competitive activity analysis among the strongest sportsmen showed, that highly-qualified combatants more often use a direct strike with the right and the left hand- left punch to the head in competitive activity, the effectiveness of which is determined by the following indices:
- the volume of information about the peculiarities of combat conduct by the opponent, his strong an weak sides, the level of physical and technical readiness, ratio of height-weight indices;
- the speed of the attacking strike fulfillment;
- the distance for the strike fulfillment;
- the technique fulfillment with a big radius of body rotation;
- steadiness of a sportsman during the strike fulfillment;
- rational choice of competitive distance.
It demonstrates great variety of motor skills, which a boxer should master in order to stand against the opponent. When a boxer faces strong, experienced opponent, great importance has unexpected beginning of the 1st round, during which, as a rule, studies the opponent's strategy and corrects the program of the combat conduct. A high level of tempo-
rhythm parameters of attacking boxer's motor actions causes the increase of opponent's usual speed of movements and corresponding changes in the tactics. It shows difficulty of the set objectives, the realization of which demands deep knowledge in the sphere of boxing and which determine a boxer's behavior on the ring.
Monitoring of highly-qualified boxers' combats at All-Russian an International competitions showed, that boxers with the lack of experience use single attacking actions in order to disorient the opponent. Giving preference to series of attacks, they try to take the initiative, control the situation, however, the results of their competitive activity stay not high enough [ 4, 5, 10, 13].
The mindset to use mainly the series of strikes provides imposing on the opponent own algorithm of combination fulfillment, change of his usual tempo and rhythm of motor action. At the same time, it is not taken into consideration that each series can't be aiming and accurate, as the situation changes during the combat because of active opposition of the opponent and at the end of the series of strikes the attacking boxer can't take a comfortable stand, timely fulfill speeding-up and concentrate on attacking action fulfillment.
In the competitive activity of more experienced boxers' single strikes are used more often. In order to fulfill a single strike minimal time period is necessary, it is easier for a boxer to disguise the preparation to fulfill it and make unexpected for the opponent speeding-up during a powerful strike into a vulnerable point with further quick snapaway, using effective defensive techniques. A single strike fulfillment helps a sportsman to preserve high steadiness of body, control the opponent's actions, timely keep an optimal distance. The effectiveness of the experienced boxers' actions is considerably higher and it underlines the dependency of the level of technical readiness on the ability to get, master and analyze information about the opponent; the ways of self-control over psycho-emotional state, which provide self-confidence increase.
Results and their discussion.
Comparative analysis of combat conduct peculiarities by young and experienced boxers showed, that the preference of single strikes is conditioned by higher level of intellectual and motor-coordinating qualities development, the ability to think over and analyze the situations on the ring - structural components and elements of technical training content among boxers. It proves the fact that training process is difficult and is directed at boxers' sportsmanship improvement. The base for the methodology creation of technical mastery improvement is the knowledge of technical training structural content, ratio of its separate components and elements; the character of interaction between them; the degree of their correspondence with the individual peculiarities of a sportsman during his individual techniques formation.
The system approach uses during this methodology creation helps to systematize the components of technical training; reveal special means and methods of motivation and goal-setting improvement process control; form the skills of general and special physical readiness; develop motor memory, attention and perception; analyze and estimate not only own actions, but also motor acts of the opponent.
In order to check this thesis, the pedagogical experiment was held. 32 boxers of the II and the I category (17-20 years old) took part in the experiment. The control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) included 16 athletes each. Before the pedagogical experiment the test was held in order to reveal the initial level of physical and technical readiness, in which the following control exercises were used: 30, 100 and 3000 meters running; standing long-jump, pull-up from hanging position at a high bar, 4 kg shot-put with the right and the left hand. The received results handling didn't reveal considerable differences according to the level of boxers' physical and technical readiness in the CG and the EG (p>0,05).
The level of technical readiness is determined according to the degree of motivation and goal-setting formation, motor
memory improvement, own actions and the opponent's actions analysis and estimation. The degree of these indices formation was determined according to the predominance of socially important motives over personality oriented ones; preference of the aim of spiritual-moral, harmonious personality development and involvement into the values of physical culture and sport; the degree of motor memory, attention and accuracy formation of spatio-temporal and spatiopower parameters of the opponent's motor acts perception.
Evaluation criteria:
5 points - personality oriented motives transformation into socially important once; the aim of spiritual-moral development advantage realization over material values. High level of motor memory, attention and perception formation; an objective analysis and estimation of the opponent's actions;
4 points - high level of motivation and goal-setting formation; optimal indices of motor memory, attention and perception, exaggerated self-assessment of own actions;
3 points - high level of motivation formation for spiritual growth in case of vivid desire to get material values; own experience of competitive activity revaluation; not objective estimation of the opponent's motor actions;
2 points - motivation for personal success achievement by any means, not understanding the value of gained personal experience of competitive activity; exaggerated self-assessment of own technical actions;
1 point -desire to be the part of the national team by any means; the predominance of material values over spiritual ones; not objective estimation of the opponent's actions;
Training lessons in the CG were held according to generally adopted methodology in accordance with the program of sports training of qualified boxers, adopted by boxing federation [1]. In the EG created methodology of technical training improvement among qualified boxers was used, in accordance with which sportsmen
gained the analysis skills of new information mastering and use, connected with the technologies of intellectual, motor-coordinating qualities level increase, providing the level of combatants' general physical and special training increase; sportsmen got acquainted with the structural content of technical training, its components and elements, each of which is important for sportsmanship improvement among those, who go in for boxing [13].
During the pedagogical experiment boxers from the EG got acquainted with the peculiarities of qualitative sides of motor activity, their influence on sportsmanship improvement; they independently tried to set interaction between the increase of motor-coordinating qualities indices and the increase of technical training level; dependence of single or series of strikes choice on the indices of coordinating and technical readiness. In the EG great attention was paid to the control over motivation and goalsetting formation. Spiritual values of physical culture and sport were explained for sportsmen, their influence on spiritual-moral development of the personality and the increase of sportsmanship. Motor tasks were widely used for development of motor memory, attention, accuracy of spatiotemporal and spatio-power parameters of the opponent's motor acts perception; the skills of own actions and the opponent's motor acts objective analysis and estimation were formed. The sportsmen from the EG were told, that all these elements were included into their technical training.
After the end of the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to reveal the dynamics of physical and technical readiness indices. The received results showed, that physical and technical readiness indices increase was in both groups, the CG and the EG, with evident predominance of the sportsmen from the EG. In the CG with the initial indices in 30 meters running - 5,39 ± 0,36 seconds, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved till 5,27±0,32seconds, (р>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 5,40±0,22 seconds to the end
of the experiment the results increased till 5,10±0,24 seconds ^>0,05). In the CG in 3000 meters running with the initial results 14, 33±0,56 minutes to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved till 14,12±0,48 minutes ^>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 14,34±0,54 minutes to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results increased till 13,73±0,33 minutes ^<0,05). The same tendency of more considerable indices increase among the boxers from the EG was stated according to other control exercises.
Technical readiness indices analysis also revealed the results increase both in the CG and in the EG. In the CG with the initial indices of motivation and goal-setting formation 3,01±0,17 points to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved till 3,39±0,21 points ^>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 3,0±0,15 points to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased till 3,98±0,24 points ^<0,05). In the CG with the initial results of motor memory development 3,40±0,17 points to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved till 3,56±0,22 points ^>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 3,37±0,26 points to the end of the experiment the results increased till 4,15±0,27 points, ^<0,05). The same tendency of more considerable indices improvement in the experimental group was stated according to other technical readiness tests.
Conclusion. Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment proved that the level of technical readiness increase among qualified boxers is mainly conditioned by sportsmen's knowledge of its structural content; components and elements, each of which influences a sportsman's personality. Interaction character determination between the structural elements and components of technical readiness content shows deep understanding of technical readiness specificity by combatants, its difficult content; the necessity to master all the elements and components in order to improve the effectiveness of competitive activity.
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Submitted: 20.07.2017 Received: 23.07.2017
Igor S. Kolesnik - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: kolesnik.65@mail.ru
Faat A. Gatin - Postgraduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
Dmitriy A. Osipov - Postgraduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named after I.N. Ulyanov,
4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
For citations: Kolesnik I.S., Gatin F.A., Osipov D.A. System approach for the methodology creation of technical training improvement among qualified boxers, The Russian journal ofphysical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems ofphysical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 54-60. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_236
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_237
MODELING THE LEVEL OF TECHNICAL AND ARTISTIC READINESS INCREASE AMONG PEOPLE GOING IN FOR AEROBICS
Irina A. Mingalisheva - postgraduate student Svetlana A. Guryanova - post-graduate Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: ld nazarenko@mail.ru
Annotation. Fitness-aerobics is a kind of sports activity, which is available for all categories of population, children and teen-agers, students. It attracts with the opportunity to realize self-actualization, self-estimation; self-assurance increase and an optimal volume of motional activity provision, the character of which corresponds with the interests and demands of those, who train. Fitness-aerobics in case of systematic training loads provides phenotypic status improvement and has a considerable adaptive and correctional potential. Material. The article presents created by the author model ofperforming mastery increase among people going in for fitness-aerobics, which is based on the main conceptual theses, principles of sports training. The model reveals pedagogical conditions and factors, which influence the effectiveness of the training process and competitive activity. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature analysis and systematization, progressive pedagogical experience of the specialists in fitness-aerobics summarizing, pedagogical experiment, testing, modeling, filming, statistical data handling. Results. The methodology of performing mastery increase includes the exercises for motional-coordinating qualities development, choreography, dancing exercises, modern Latin American, African, eastern and historical- common dances, which are characterized by different rhythm, expression, plasticity and expressiveness of movements. It gives people an opportunity to reveal their own inner world, enrich it with new knowledge, elements of general and motional culture, achieve a higher level of self-development. Conclusion. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed the expediency and effectiveness of the offered by us model use of performing mastery increase among those who go in for fitness-aerobics. The methodology use, based on this model, helped to increase the level of general physical, technical readiness and also improve the artistry of the individual competitive program fulfillment.
Keywords: fitness-aerobics, sports training, modeling, methodology, pedagogical experiment.
Urgency. The conception of fitness is based on many-sided development provision, physiological functions harmonization, general and motional culture improvement,
intellectual and spiritual-moral development, physical development, competitive activity effectiveness. Fitness-aerobics as a kind of sport has own rules of competitions, created
