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UDC 796.012.6 DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-2-92-100
The influence of fitness lessons on the level of functional reserves and physical qualities development among 35-40 year-old women
Aleksandr V. Dorontsev'*, Lyudmila N. Porubayko2, Nina A. Zinchuk3, Olga V. Morozova3
'Astrakhan State Medical University Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000 - 000'- 9446 - '03X, aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru* 2 Kuban State Medical University Krasnodar, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-8775-5726, p0rubaik050@mail.ru 3 Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000 - 000'-5837 - 99'2, nina-zinchuk@mail.ru ORCID: 0000-0001-7354-738X, ov-fomina@yandex.ru
Abstract: During recent years scientists show special interest in the functional reserves state of vital organism systems among 35-40 year-old women. As a rule, these category of women are socially active, have working capacity, but not active life style. It is conditioned by professional activity and creates the definite risks of pathological changes development in cardiovascular and respiratory systems, in capsular-ligamentous apparatus. Materials. As the material for the research work we used the indices of physical fitness, functional reserves level of cardiovascular system, body mass index (BMI) and the complexes of lessons using sports training simulators. They were recommended to people at sports clubs in Astrakhan, Krasnodar and Volgograd. Research methods. Profile native and foreign literature summarizing, working complexes of strength-oriented exercises analysis, control tests of the main muscle groups strength indices, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. As results of the research we received valid data concerning significant increase of the functional reserves of cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, the level of physical qualities development. At the same time, in the group of women with high BMI changes of adaptive character were less defined, nevertheless BMI decrease was demonstrated by valid indices. Conclusion. The organized research proves the effectiveness of motor activity classes using fitness-trainings, the structure of which includes speed-power oriented, strength-oriented loads, the exercises for endurance development, amplitude exercise. At the same time, it is necessary to define adaptive reserves and real level of physical fitness among the respondents. Such an approach realization would help not only to decrease the risks of disadaptative reactions development in cardiovascular system and muscular-ligamentous apparatus, including vertebral sphere injuries, to non-relevant physical load, but also form the complex of training lessons in an adequate volume.
Keywords: 35-40 year-old women, fitness, functional reserves, physical qualities development
For citation: Aleksandr V. Dorontsev*, Lyudmila N. Porubayko, Nina A. Zinchuk, Olga V. Morozova.
The influence of fitness lessons on the level of functional reserves and physical qualities development
among 35-40 year-old women. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2022; 17(2): 69-71. DOI:
10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-2-92-100.
Introduction
Modern complexes of the training health-improving fitness lessons in many cases are oriented toward a functional training [1,2]. High intensity exercises, which are fulfilled in a compensatory and the first training zone of HR rehabilitation, significantly increase regulatory-adaptive potential of the main systems of an organism [6,7]. Functional fitness includes highly-intensive motor actions with a short-term intervals of rest, and the rest has an active character [4,11.]. Special attention during the
training lessons planning should be paid to people with high body mass index and insufficient level of physical qualities development [3,9,12]. Romanenko N.I. in her research works showed the necessity to improve the methodology of physical training among 35-45 year-old women using different kinds of fitness on the basis of taking into account individual somatotypical characteristics [5]. A complex study of the initial level of physical fitness determination methodologies conditioned the use of the functional tests, the indices of which help to decrease the risks
of adaption mechanisms disorder [8]. In foreign sources we found the information concerning the use of the competitive level training lessons modules [10,13,14,15], which, in our opinion, should be corrected. In this connection we formulated the aim of the research - define optimal regimens of motor tasks fulfillment for women of the corresponding age, taking into account the functional reserves and the initial level of physical fitness.
Material and methods
We used the protocols of the initial control normatives of physical qualities development, functional tests, medical assessment reports.
The criteria of inclusion formed the access of an occupational physician to realize motor activity classes of health-improving character.
The criteria of exclusion became the revealed during the instrumental medical control pathological changes in cardiovascular system and capsular ligamentous apparatus. In order to define the level of functional reserves we used bicycle ergometer Ortorent velo. The research results were analyzed using «Microsoft Office 2007», «IBM SPSS Statistics 22» programs.
Results and discussion
At the first stage of a two-stage research all women were divided into two groups for the level of physical fitness, functional reserves and BMI determination. The first group (ni - 20) included women with the results of the functional test at bicycle ergometer with the load of 50 W, during the 5th minute - 141,5±5,3 beats/min., SBP (systolic blood pressure) - 133±6,4 mm Hg, DBP (diastolic blood pressure) - 83,i±3,9 mm Hg, BMI - 23,3±i,i; body bending within 1 min. - 23,7±5,i repetitions, push-up - 7,3±3,9 repetitions, 30 meters run -8,2±1,1 s. The second group (n2 - 19) included women with the following functional tests indices: 7 people - i60,5±7,i beats/min, SBP - 144±7,7 mm Hg, DBP - 93,4±5,6 mm Hg; 12 people finished testing at bicycle ergometer during the 3rd and the 4th minute, as they achieved maximum permissible HR indices, BMI in the studied group was 29,3±2,7. 30 meters run was not held in this group.
During the 4th month of the research we revealed that HR (i37±5,9 beats/min) during the standard load fulfillment (50W) at a bicycle ergometer in group (n2 - 19) came out of the compensatory zone during the 3rd minute. There was no HR increase in group (n1 - 20) during 10 minutes more than 130 beats/min, it was 122±3,9 beats/min. The validity of these characteristics differences in the studied groups was p<0,00i, which is proved by Kruskal - Wallis criterion (H - 93,07). While defining the level of physical qualities development we revealed that group (n1 - 20) had more distinct development
of speed-strength oriented qualities, endurance and strength indices, than group (n2 - 19) - p<o,ooi; H - 89,11. At the same time in group (n2 - 19) we saw valid increase of physical and functional fitness level during the 7th month of lessons - p<0,001; H - 83,06. BMI decrease was □ 26,5±1,6; p<0,001; H - 85,22. During the research we revealed the regularity of physical qualities level increase with the distinct process of functional reserves increase of locomotor apparatus, the dynamics was in both groups: group (n1 - 20) p<0,001; H - 79,22; group (n2 - 19) - p<0,001; H - 83,16. During further physical fitness results and adaptive potential indices of fitness-groups comparison we revealed that BMI has a valid statistical connection with the studied parameters. The decrease of □BMI by 8,8 ±1,3% validly correlated with (r - 0,712) the tendency development to bradycardia at rest, □HR by 7,6 ±0,9%, p<0,001; H - 77,03.
Positive effect from fitness-training during the 4th month of regular lessons created the conditions for significant correction of physical load structure, volume and intensity. However, in practice the level of physical load change in both groups had a differentiated character and depended on individual indices of physical qualities and functional reserves development.
We should pay special attention to women with high BMI, who have high risks of disadaptative reaction development to intensive physical load and high risks of muscular-ligamentous apparatus injuries during amplitude exercises fulfillment. The aim of their individual methodical support is maximal adequate correction of physical load intensity, power and volume.
Conclusion
The received results, which show high effectiveness of fitness-trainings for 35-40 year-old women, bring us to the conclusion that physical activity of speed-strength oriented character, in particular, corresponding with compensatory and the 1st training zones of HR, plays important role in functional reserves of cardiovascular system and locomotor apparatus formation. Overweight is the factor, which forms the risk of adaptive mechanisms breakup and locomotor apparatus injuries during the average and high intensity exercises and the jumping elements fulfillment.
In this connection BMI and the initial indices of the functional reserves and the level of physical fitness are the promising indices for effective complexes of motor activity formation.
The organized research proves the effectiveness of motor activity classes using fitness-trainings, the structure of which includes speed-power oriented, strength-oriented loads, the exercises for endurance development, amplitude exercises. At
the same time, it is necessary to define adaptive reserves and real level of physical fitness among the respondents. Such an approach realization would help not only to decrease the risks of disadaptative reactions development in cardiovascular system and muscular-ligamentous apparatus, including vertebral sphere injuries, to non-relevant physical load, but also form the complex of training lessons in an adequate volume.
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Submitted: 04.05.2022 Author's information:
Aleksandr V. Dorontsev - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical
University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@. rambler.ru
Lyudmila N. Porubayko - Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Kuban State Medical University, 350063, Russia, Krasnodar, Mitrofana Sedina str., House 4, e-mail: p0rubaik050@mail.ru Nina A. Zinchuk - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414056, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishcheva str., House 20a, e-mail: niva-zichuk@mail.ru
Olga V. Morozova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414056, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishcheva str., House 20a, e-mail: ov-fomina@yandex.ru
