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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-2-70-76
The peculiarities of health-improving swimming lessons organization with
61-65 year-old men
Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina1, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev'*, Nina A. Zinchuk2, Irina E.
Yankevich2
'Astrakhan State Medical University Astrakhan, Russia. ORCID: 0000 - 000' - 6337 - 693, doronceva@rambler.ru ORCID: 0000 - 000' - 9446 - '03X, aleksandr. doroncev @ .rambler. ru* 2Astrakhan State University Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000 - 000'-5837 - 99'2, niva-zichuk@mail.ru ORCID: 0000 - 000'- 6930 - 49'6, rigicc@mail.ru
Abstract: When planning health-improving physical culture lessons with middle-aged and older people, who have age-related morphological and functional changes of a pathological character, special attention should be paid to the level of physical load intensity and volume. One of the main issues is the type of physical activity choice. It allows minimizing the risks of maladaptive reactions to physical load and at the same time helps to increase the regulatory and adaptive potential of the main organism systems. Materials. In order to study the influence of physical activity on the main functional indices of 61-65 year-old men, who have hypertension, a group of health-improving swimming was formed. The group included 14 people. Lessons were held twice a week, 45 minutes each lesson. The study took into account the results of functional tests. indices of the cardiovascular system instrumental control. Research methods. Statistical data processing was carried out using (STATISTICA 16) program. For each index the average value, the error of the arithmetic mean was calculated. Taking into consideration a small volume of observations, in statistical calculations we used formulas for a small group. We also used nonparametric methods - Mann-Whitney test. Results. It was revealed that health-improving swimming lessons in 61-65 year-old men with pathology of the cardiovascular system helped to increase the regulatory and adaptive potential, the level of physical qualities development. They helped to normalize body weight in terms of differentiated planning of physical load intensity. Conclusion. The revealed correlations of the cardiovascular system response to physical load during health-improving swimming among the examined contingent showed the need for the structure of the training process formation in accordance with the clinical and diagnostic characteristics of the trainees.
Keywords: health-improving swimming, physical load, hemodynamics, 61-65 year-old men, cardiovascular system pathology, body mass index.
For citation: Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev*, Nina A. Zinchuk, Irina E. Yankevich.
The peculiarities of health-improving swimming lessons organization with 61-65 year-old men. Russian
Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(2): 60-64. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-2-70-76
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays it is acknowledged that health-improving lessons of motor activity can considerably increase adaptive potential of the main systems of an organism [5]. At the same time, non-adequate physical load in many cases can be the reason why adaptation fails [1]. One of the kind of activity criteria, its intensity and volume selection can be functional tests indices [6,15]. If respondents have cardiac pathology, non-adequate physical load can cause severe consequences [4,8].
It is known that excessive physical loads increase the risk of cardiac infarction and sudden cardiac death [9,16]. Pathomorphology research works prove that among suddenly died people in terms of non-adequate physical load more often have plaque rupture and erosion [17,18]. Risk zone includes, as a rule, people, who lead sedentary lifestyle and have a low adaptive potential [10,19]. In the research works by native and foreign scientists special attention is paid to health-improving swimming. It helps to differentiate physical load, avoiding overload for
locomotor apparatus [2,11,12,14]. During recent years scientists actively study the influence of regular motor activity on cardiorespiratory system among middle-aged and older people. It was revealed that only systematic physical culture lessons have positive influence on regulatory-adaptive potential [13]. Individual planning of physical load intensity and volume helps to decrease the risk of maladjustment reactions [3,7]. In terms of studying the topic of physical culture health-improving lessons urgency for middle-aged people we studied the influence of regular health-improving swimming lessons influence on cardiorespiratory system of middle-aged men. They have pathological changes in cardiovascular system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research work was carried out in a swimming pool on the basis of a health-improving center named after A.S. Pushkin (HIC) LLC "Gazprom production Astrakhan"("Gazprom dobycha Astrakhan"), since October, 2020 till April, 2021 (Astrakhan).
61-65 year-old men took part in the research. They were the workers of the presented enterprise. They retired and used sanatorium-resort therapy in the mentioned health-improving complex. In general 14 people took part in the research. All used materials were received with the consent of people, who attended health-improving swimming lessons. The aim of the experimental part of the research was the influence study of health-improving swimming on health state of people with cardiovascular system pathology. As a result of anamnesis study of each member of the group we revealed hypertensive disease of the 1stdegree, the 1st and the 2nd degrees, risk 2 (average) among all respondents.
Experimental research had three stages. At the 1st stage the following things were realized: functional tests, initial diagnostics of physical state, current medical check-up results analysis. At the 2nd stage working plan of educational-training lessons was formed, taking into consideration verified diagnoses. At the 3rd stage we tested the methodology of health-improving swimming lessons with current and final control over the studied indices. We organized mathematical analysis of the received results, made the corresponding conclusions.
Results and discussion
In the anamneses of the respondents we revealed nosological specificity among 9 people. It was arterial hypertension of the 1st stage of the 1st -2nd degree together with a high body mass index (BMI). All respondents had sinus tachyarrythmia, tachycardia. It is the index of not trained cardiovascular system. 9 respondents (group n1 - 9) had BMI 34,7±3,5 c.u., in (n2 - 5) BMI was 26,3±1,9 c.u. All respondents of the health-improving swimming group mentioned in the questionnaire survey that from time to time they experienced pain syndrome of vertebral area (mainly lumbar spine and cervical part) and constantly took hypotensive preparations in a form of mono-therapy, or preparations combination: inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, antagonists of angiotensin II receptors, calcium channel antagonists. According to the results of the held functional tests we revealed the following response of cardiovascular system to 20 squats: in group (n1 - 9) - HR (heart rate) 137,5 ±7,2 beats/min. |30,5%, SBP (systolic blood pressure) - 159,6 ±5,9 mm Hg|27%, DBP (diastolic blood pressure) - 110,5±7,7 mm Hg|18,2%; early rehabilitation during the 4th minute HR- 125,9 ±9,8 beats/min. ¿4,5%, SBP - 148,0 ±7,2 mm Hg I 5,5%, DBP - 96,5±8,1 mm Hg ¿2,2%. Complete rehabilitation of hemodynamic indices till the initial level was on the 11th minute of passive rest. In group (n2 - 5) HR - 125,3 ±8,6 beats/min. |22,5%, SBP - 150,6 ±7,3 mm Hg |19,1%, DBP - 112,5±7,7 mm Hg |8,2%., early rehabilitation during the 4th minute HR 120,2 ±9,8 beats/min. ¿5,3%, SBP -141, ±5,9 mm Hg ¿6,7%, DBP - 98,5±9,2 mm Hg ¿2,2%. Taking into consideration the initial results of physical readiness level we defined the following methodical recommendations of health-improving swimming lessons:
Table 1 - Methodical recommendations of health-improving swimming lessons with 61-65 year-old men. They have pathological changes in cardiovascular system
Indices Methodical recommendations
Introductory part 10-15 min.
Different intensity walking, generally developing exercises, exercises at cardio-vascular training simulators (ellipsoid, exercise bicycles) Control of HR till 120 beats/min. Maximal power at cardio-vascular training simulators till 20 kw. respiratory exercises 2-3 min., during the breaks- HR rehabilitation till the initial indices
Main part
- distance 25 m. x 4 - 6 sets, free style without taking into account time; - distance 25 m. crawl x 4 - 6 sets using flippers; - distance 25 m. spine x 4 - 6 sets; spine hands voluntarily using flippers; - distance 25 m. breast-stroke x 4 - 6 sets without flippers. Respiration recovery- expiration into water 10-12 repetitions. Time for rehabilitation is individual, HR and BP control according to fitness- tracker. HR in compensatory zone till 120 beats/min. BP till 140/90 mm Hg. To avoid striking movements, severe starts, pay attention to simultaneity of hands and legs work. As the respondents have neck bones pathologies it is necessary to avoid swimming with the head raised. Special attention should be paid to the technique of sliding mastering and the made efforts coordination.
Final part
- free swimming of small intensity without flippers 150-200 m. - holding body horizontally in dorsal position Respiration recovery in each 25 m, HR -till 110 beats/min., BP - till 140/90 mm Hg. Fulfilled with a deep inhalation, to correct body position with the help of hands and legs work. 5-7 min., break individually.
During the research we revealed men with the basis of quick HR increase (>130 beats/min.), at
body mass index BMI > 34,7±3,5, whose typical the same time the structure of motor load had small
character was quick tiredness, considerable tension power and intensity.
of regulatory systems, stress-reaction formation on
Table 2 - Physiometry results before and after the experiment
Amount of respondents (n = 14) Indices (with out a load)
HR beats/min. SBP mm Hg DBP mm Hg RR(respiratory rate) 1min.
before after before after before after before after
Men with c BMI > 34,7±3,5 (ni - 9) 90,3±3,7 85,4±3,2 * 157,4±7,2 155,5±6,9 100,4±5,2 98,3±4,7 26,6±2,1 21,9±2,0 *
Men with BMI > 26,3±1,9 (n2 - 5) 87,6±4,7 82,1±3,9 * 154,5±8,3 145±7,5,1 * 97,7±5,9 90,6±7,7 23,3±2,5 19,5±2,3 *
Notes * P<0,05
Studying the influence of health-improving swimming on hemodynamic indices of respondents, we revealed that statistically significant increase of regulating-adaptive potential was in the final protocol 6 months after regular lessons. Correlation analysis according to the research results helped to reveal valid interactions of BMI with cardiorespiratory indices of BMI < 26,3±1,9^ SBP ( r =0,677), RR (respiratory rate) (r2 =0,515), HR (r3 =0,405), in terms of BMI >34,7±3,5 considerable interaction was with HR (r =0,410) and RR (r2 =0,677). The respondents with high BMI weight decrease was at the final stage of the research (during the 5-6th month), but not validly.
CONCLUSION
Thus the carried out research work helped to reveal the risks of maladaptive reaction development of cardiorespiratory system in 61-65 year-old men with cardiovascular system pathology. Special attention was paid to the respondents, who had high BMI and who had distinct response of regulatory systems to physical load and functional test. In general satisfactory indices at the end of the research were among all people, who did health-improving swimming, however, in our opinion, additional consultations of specialists are necessary for men with high BMI concerning the problem of overweight. The problem of overweight is closely connected not only with insufficient level of adaptive systems of an organism, but also with insufficient effectiveness of motor activity. Typical character of the group (n1 - 9) was severe hemodynamic indices increase in terms of small intensity physical load. It prevented necessary training effect and regulatory adaptive potential increase of vitally important systems of an organism. Taking into account the risks of maladaptive reactions development in terms of motor activity, we find it reasonable to use fitness-trackers with the functions of the current control over hemodynamic results and physical load
level in quantitative indices.
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Submitted: 20.05.2021 Author's information:
Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: doronceva@rambler.ru Aleksandr V. Dorontsev - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr. doroncev@.rambler.
Nina A. Zinchuk - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414063, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishcheva str.20, e-mail: niva-zichuk@mail.ru
Irina E. Yankevich - Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414063, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishcheva str.20, e-mail:rigicc@mail.ru
