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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-1-138-143
Studying the influence of physical load on hemodynamic indices in students of special medical group "A"
Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina', Lyudmila N. Porubaiko2, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev'*, Olga V.
Morozova3
'Astrakhan State Medical University Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000 - 000'- 6337 - 693, doronceva@rambler. ru ORCID: 0000-000'-9446-'03X, aleksandr.doroncev@.rambler.ru* ORCID: 0000-0001-5837-9912, doronceva2000@icloud.com 2Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-8775 -5726, porubaiko50@mail.ru 3Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-7354-738X, ov-fomina@yandex.ru
Abstract: Taking into account that the main principle at physical culture lessons in a special medical group (SMG) "A" is health-improving principle, it becomes urgent to control the intensity and the volume of physical loads, their orientation and structuring. Combined diseases of vital systems in an anamnesis demand special motor regimen. It on the one hand helps to avoid the risks of adaptive mechanisms breakdown and on the other hand helps to provide reserve potential of an organism. The most important factor of motor tasks load level formation form reserve indices of locomotor, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In terms of the presented direction urgency we carried out the research and studied the methodologies of motor tasks intensity and volume planning during physical culture lessons in (SMG) "A". Materials. Official results of yearly medical check-ups, verified diagnoses, the results of functional tests, the indices of the current instrumental control, the results of physical qualities development. The first-year students of therapeutic faculty form special medical group "A" (63 girls) took part in the research work. Research methods. In order to estimate functional reserves of cardiovascular system we used the functional tests; current instrumental control was realized in accordance with the kinds of motor tasks change, we defined time interval of hemodynamics recovery after the physical load. Mathematical handling of the received data was realized in accordance with generally adopted methodology of variation statistics. Conclusion. As a result of the research work we revealed that the students of SMG "A" with multimorbider pathology, one of which was presented by cardiovascular system changes, are to a far greater degree subjected to the risk of stress reaction to physical load. Time period of hemodynamics indices recovery after motor activity in the presented group is significantly longer.
Keywords: special medical group, 18-20 year-old girls, multimorbider pathology, physical load.
For citation: Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina, Lyudmila N. Porubaiko, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev*, Olga V. Morozova. Studying the influence of physical load on hemodynamic indices in students of special medical group "A". Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2022; 17(1): 113-117. DOI: 10.14526/20704798-2022-17-1-138-143
Introduction
The importance of an adequate physical load during physical culture lessons significantly increases among people, who have chronic diseases, who are not physically fit enough and during recovery after infectious diseases [2,10]. It is vital from medical and pedagogical point of view to realize control and self-control over cardiorespiratory system indices at physical culture
lessons and during sport activity because of high risk of pathological changes development among the important systems of an organism during non-adequate physical load fulfillment [1,3,11]. Physical load doesn't correspond with the level of physical fitness, can cause regulatory functions disorders, can lead to adaptive mechanisms violation [6,7]. The example of deadaptive reaction of an organism to non-adequate physical load can be
the fact of cardiovascular and respiratory systems functions mismatch [4,8]. Nowadays the key role of cardiorespiratory system reserve indices as a compensatory potential during motor tasks of great volume and intensity fulfillment is proved [5,9]. The research works showed that physical activity during prodromal stage can lead to irreversible pathologies of cardiovascular system in students and highly-qualified athletes [12]. Moreover, the skills of independent load planning on the basis of objective hemodynamic indices helps to differentiate the intensity of motor actions effectively [13].
Materials and methods
63 students (18-20 year-old girls) took part in the research. The respondents were from special medical group "A" with the pathology of cardiovascular and respiratory system, presented by mixed type vegetative-vascular dystonia, small-scale anomaly of heart development (cardiac valves prolapse, supplemental chords of the left ventricle); locomotor system diseases (fault in posture, scoliosis, platypodia), digestive tract diseases (gastritis, duodenitis, colitis), visual analyzer disorder (myopia). In 34,5±1,7% cases we revealed
complex pathologies. In order to define reserve indices of cardiovascular system we used the test at bicycle ergometer Ortorent velo with the load 50 ±10 W, the level of physical fitness was revealed on the basis of the control tests. Mathematical data handling was realized according to generally adopted methodology of variation statistics using statistical package «SPSS Statistics 17.01.» for Windows and Microsoft Office Excel 2007.
Results and Discussion
According to the results of medical checkup we formed 4 groups of students taking into account the revealed diseases: the 1st group included the students with multimorbider pathology -cardiovascular and respiratory systems pathology and visual analyzer disorder (n1 - 9); the 2nd group included the students with complex diseases: visual analyzer disorder (myopia) and locomotor system diseases (n2 - 19); the 3rd group included the students with digestive tract diseases (n3- 15); the 4th group included girls with myopia (n4 - 20). Table 1 presents the results of the functional test at bicycle ergometer Ortorent velo.
Table 1
The results of the functional test at bicycle ergometer
Indices SMG ( 18-20 year-old girls)
(n=9) (n =19) (n3=15) (n4=20)
HR (heart rate) at rest beats.min. Results
87,4±4,1 83,1±3,5 80,7±4,7 77,6±3,5
SBP (systolic blood pressure) at rest mm Hg 125,3±4,2 123,5±5,0 119±4,9 123±4,2
DBP (diastolic blood pressure) at rest mm Hg 83,5 ± 4,3 72,9 ± 5,4 67,9±3,6 75,1±3,7
Functional test (test bicycle ergometer, load 50 W r)
HR (heart rate) beats.min. (for 2 min.) 123,5±9,7 109,6±5,5 107,2±3,9 110,2±6,6
HR (heart rate) beats.min. (for 3 min.) - 120,6±3,5 119,0±5,7 121,3±4,3
SBP (systolic blood pressure) mm Hg for 2 min. 143,2±5,8 130,2 + 4,6 133,3±4,9 132,3±5,7
DBP (diastolic blood pressure) mm Hg for 2 min. 90,1 ± 2,5 75,9 ± 3,6 77,3 ± 1,4 80,6 + 2,7
SBP (systolic blood pressure) mm Hg for 3 min. 134,4±5,3 137±2,2 136±7,0
DBP (diastolic blood pressure) mm Hg for 3 min. 75,0 + 2,2 76,9 ± 2,4 77,3 ± 3,0
Rehabilitation period
HR beats.min. for 6 min. 96,4±5,2 89,4±3,3 87,5+5,7 85,7+5,0
SBP (systolic blood pressure) mm Hg for 6 min. 135,2±4,7 128,4+3,6 125,2+6,1 127,7+5,5
DBP (diastolic blood pressure) mm Hg for 6 min. 88,6+3,5 74,1±3,0 75,7±4,5 77,1±2,9
According to the results of the functional the compensatory zone was achieved. The least test using bicycle ergometer (table 1) all students had effective hemodynamic rehabilitation (p <0,044; r a low level of functional reserves of cardiovascular = 0,510) was revealed at the end of the functional system. Moreover, in the group (ni=9) test at test in the students, who had cardiovascular system bicycle ergometer was stopped during the 3rd pathology. minute, as the level of hemodynamic indices above
Table 2
Hemodynamic indices during motor tasks fulfillment at physical culture lessons in special
medical group "A"
Indices (n=9) HR/BP (blood pressure) (beats. min./ mm Hg) (n2=l9) HR/BP (beats.min./ mm Hg) (n1=15) HR/BP (beats. min./ mm Hg) (n2=20) HR/BP (beats. min./ mm Hg)
i.Average intensity walking 5-7 min. 100,8+5,2 93,5±4,1 90,1±5, 92,7±3,3
125,3+4,6/ 88,5±3,3 121,1±6,1/ 82,0±2,9 122,6+5,5/ 84,5±2,6 121,7+5,0/ 83,3+3,0
2.Complex of special physical exercises 102,3±6,1 94,7±3,9 92,4±4,4 94,1±3,0
130,7±4,7/ 89,1±4,9 122,5±3,1/ 81,9±3,3 124,3+3,3/ 83,7±4,6 124,3±2,9/ 82,5+3,3
3.Elements of sport games 133,8±3,9 111,5±7,2 110,3±9,0 115,2+6,8
138,3±5,0/ 92,5±3,3 128,5±4,5/ 85,2+3,1 127,3+5,3/ 82,4+2,7 130,9±5,2/ 84,1+2,0
4. Stretching 97,3±4,7 90,5±4,0 90,6±5,2 89,8±5,2
130,9±3,5/ 85,3±2,9 125,7±5,1/ 74,9±3,7 126,4+4,8/ 75,7+3,6 125,9±3,9/ 77,0+5,7
5. Swimming without taking into account time 110,3±5,7 93,5±4,5 97,5±4,1 91,5±3,3
132,5±2,3/ 85,7±4,6 126,9±2,5/ 72,5±3,9 124,3±4,4/ 74,0±2,6 127,5±4,0/ 75,5±3,3
6. Slow walking 95,3±3,7 90,0±3,1 87,5±2,8 86,8±3,5
128,5±3,5/ 83,7±2,0 124,1±2,9/ 75,4±2,7 125,7±3,7/ 77,6±2,2 125,7±4,2/ 76,2±4,0
According to the analysis of cardiovascular system response to physical load in a form of game character motor tasks the students of (n1=9) group had clear tachycardia (p <0,029; r = 0,517), BP t by 9,3±1,6% (p <0,047; r = 0,419). In groups n - n there were no features of stress-reactions
2 4
to physical load with the elements of sport games use. The complex of physical exercises, created from specially selected motor tasks, conditioned by students' chronic diseases and using swimming not taking into account the time of significant tension of regulatory system of students' organisms in groups n1 - n4 were not revealed. Fulfilling exercises for muscular-ligamentous apparatus stretching caused stabilizing influence on hemodynamic indices and emotional background in all groups of respondents. Special attention should be paid to possible connection study between multimorbidity with special complexes of physical exercises for physical qualities correction and functional reserves. The results analysis of physical qualities testing helped to reveal insufficient level of coordinating abilities in students with the 1st-2nd degree of myopia, who also had locomotor and cardiovascular systems diseases. In this case planning the level of physical load should be oriented toward the functional reserves of cardiovascular system. At the same time corrective exercises for locomotor systems diseases should be corrected in order to avoid adaptive mechanisms break-down, but the existing recommendations are not effective enough and need additional research works.
Conclusion
Summing up the research results it should be noted that in accordance with modern studies, we see a steady tendency of students increase. They are
included into special medical group after medical checkup. At the same time, more than 36% of students of SMG have multimorbider and comorbide pathologies. In this connection carried out research work helped to reveal the risk factors of sport games elements use during the lessons with the students, who have pathological changes of cardiovascular system. The research results lead to the conclusion that the structure of lessons formation for students, who have complex pathologies, including cardiovascular system pathologies, should be based on reserve indices of organism vital systems. Such an approach would prevent stress-reactions, would help to define an adequate physical load, including special complexes of exercises.
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Submitted: 01.02.2022 Author's information:
Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str, House 121, e-mail: doronceva@rambler.ru Lyudmila N. Porubayko - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor; Kuban State Medical University, 350063, Russia, Krasnodar, Mitrofana Sedina str., House 4, e-mail: porubaiko50@mail.ru Aleksandr V. Dorontsev - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor; Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@ rambler.ru
Olga V. Morozova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414056, Russia, Astrakhan, Taticheva str., House 20a, e-mail: ov-fomina@yandex.ru
