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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-120-124
Experience of functional tests results use in the first courses students at Astrakhan State Medical University during physical load level planning
Aleksandr V. Dorontsev'*, Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina', Olga S. Yuzhikova2, Kseniya A.
Dorontseva'
'Astrakhan State Medical University Astrakhan, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-9446-103X, [email protected]* ORCID: 0000-0002-6337-6935, [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-5837-9912, [email protected] 2Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-8193-1880, [email protected]
Abstract: Analyzing the response of first-year students' cardiovascular system we revealed that maximal heart rate indices (HR) were in Cooper test (6-minutes run) among boys - till 148,3 ±7,5 beats/min. In order to decrease the risk of maladaptive reactions to physical load among first-year students we organized functional tests and revealed reserve indices of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Materials. We used official results of medical checkup among students, functional tests results, the results of a questionnaire survey, results of physical readiness control norms. Research methods. Summarized results of profile scientific sources, the reaction analysis of cardiovascular system to physical load of different intensity, testing the methodology of physical load in accordance with functional tests indices. Statistical data handling was held using standard package (Microsoft USA). Validity of the studied indices differences was revealed with the help of generally adopted mathematical statistics methods. The differences were considered valid in terms of hypothesis probability p <0,05. Results. The methodology of functional tests results use in choosing motor tasks for endurance development showed considerable risk decrease of cardiovascular system maladaptive reactions development. The received results prove that the differentiated approach to planning physical load volume and intensity on the basis of functional tests results in first-year students of the main medical group has practical importance in structural development of endurance as the main physical quality. It helps to increase regulating-compensatory qualities of cardiovascular system. Conclusion. Widespread use of functional tests gives an opportunity to plan individually cardio-oriented load, increase regulating-adaptive range of the main systems of an organism and structurally differentiate the use of cyclic exercises. They are characterized by endurance development. Keywords: students, endurance development, cardiovascular system hemodynamic indices, structural planning of physical load.
For citation: Aleksandr V. Dorontsev*, Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina, Olga S. Yuzhikova, Kseniya A. Dorontseva. Experience of functional tests results use in the first courses students at Astrakhan State Medical University during physical load level planning. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1): 95-98. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-120-124.
INTRODUCTION exercises on cardiovascular system prove the results
During recent years we see maladaptive of some research works [5,8]. Native scientists and reactions of cardiovascular and respiratory scientists abroad revealed that long-term pauses in systems to physical culture lessons at educational regular physical culture lessons can considerably establishments [1,7]. Mostly the risk of non-adequate decrease the reserve capacities of locomotor physical load is typical for cardiorespiratory system apparatus, cardiovascular and respiratory systems and ligaments-muscular apparatus [15,16,17,18]. [2,9,10,13,14]. More significant reserve capacity level Special attention is paid to training for competitive decrease in cardiorespiratory system was among the activity. It claims great demands on athletes' athletes during post-traumatic period and thus, it organisms [4,11,12]. The potential of studying the depends on trauma intensity and localization [3]. influence of high power and intensity physical Even a short-term physical load of high power and
intensity in some cases can lead to disorders in work of cardiovascular and respiratory systems for people. They don't go in for sports [6]. In this connection we studied the results of functional tests, which help to plan individually the level of physical load and endurance development in first-year students at Astrakhan State Medical University.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
57 first-year students from the main medical group (18-19 year-old boys) took part in the research. During the research work we analyzed functional tests, the results of the questionnaire survey and the results of control norms. The criteria, included into the research, are the following: the initial level of physical qualities development, hemodynamic of cardiovascular system at rest, during 100-120 W physical load (bicycle ergometer SPORTOP R 60), after the load during the period of early and late rehabilitation. The criteria of exclusion: students, who have sports qualification not lower than the 1st sports category. According to the results of a questionnaire survey we formed two groups of students; the first group (ni - 35) included 35 students. They didn't have motor activity during the day, the second group (n2 - 22) included 22 students. They had mass sports categories, but during recent 2-3 months didn't master physical activity or had a physical load. It was not regular. Statistical data handling was held using standard package (Microsoft USA). Validity of the differences of the studied indices was revealed with the help of generally adopted mathematical statistics methods. The differences were considered valid in terms of probability of hypothesis p <0,05.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The analysis of cardiovascular system response to a functional test at bicycle ergometer with 120W load showed that in the group of students (n - 35) there was HR increase till |153,3±7,2 beats/ min., which corresponds with the 1st training zone and which is available only for qualified athletes. That is why when HR entered the 1st training zone with more than 150 beats/min. functional test was stopped. At the same time 7 people were suspended from a functional test during the 3rd minute, 12
students were suspended during the 4th minute because of permissible HR indices achievement. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased at the end of the test by 12,5±2,7%, p<0,039, and was |133,4±4,7 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) also had the tendency to increase and was 8,3±3,1%, p<0,044, |81,1±3,0 mm Hg. It should be noted that hemodynamic indices rehabilitation during an early period (after the 4th minute) in this group was the following: HR - 135,5±8,3 beats/min, SBP - 130,5±7,5 mm Hg, DBP - 77,4±5,5 mm Hg. Complete cardiovascular system hemodynamics rehabilitation in this group was during the 20th minute after the test end. Hemodynamic indices analysis among the students of (n2 - 22) group showed that in case of load power till 120 W the 1st training zone was achieved only by 5 boys at the 3rd minute, HR - 149,1±5,2 beats/min., SBP - 126±3,3 mm Hg; |3,4±1.3%; p<0,049, DBP - 74,5±2,9 mm Hg |2,2±0,5%; p>0,05; 4 students finished the test during the 4th minute with the following indices: HCC 145,4±5,0 beats/min., SBP - 128±3,3 mm Hg; !5,4±1,1%; p<0,049, DBP - 78,5±2,9 mm Hg |2,2±0,7%; p>0,05; the rest 10 people finished the test with HR in the compensatory zone 132±7,7 beats/min., SBP - 125±3,3 mm Hg; |2,4±0,2%; p>0,05, DBP - 76,1±2,2 mm Hg |1,2±0,7%; p>0,05.
On the basis of a comparative analysis of hemodynamic characteristics increase in (n1 - 35) and (n2 - 22) groups we revealed that in the group of students, who have mass sports categories, HR of the 1st training zone achievement happened under the influence of 120 W load. At the same time, more than half of students (52,3±2,3%) finished testing in the compensatory zone of HR. Blood pressure increase was in both groups. 10 students from (n2 - 22) group with compensatory HR indices had invalid blood pressure increase. During further research autocorrelated analysis showed that during Cooper test fulfillment (6-minutes run) the following statistically significant interconnection was revealed: hemodynamic at a functional test and the length of the run distance within 6 minutes had significant correlation (r=0,625), in (n1 - 35) group the result of 1210±90 m. within 6 minutes showed 37,6±4,0% of students, which corresponded with a satisfactory mark, HR 150,5±6,3 beats/
min. Unsatisfactory result of 1150±70 m. showed 59,3±6,1% of boys, HR 155,3±10,3 beats/min. In (n2 - 22) group a perfect result 1480±70 m showed 36,0±5.2% of students, HR 143,5±5,7 beats/min., good result 1350±70 m was among 32,4±2,2% of students, HR 148,1±7,7 beats/min., satisfactory result was 1140± 60 m. was among 30,8±4,0% of students, HR 146,7±6,5 beats/min.
CONCLUSION
With general decrease of physical readiness level among students health-improving and preventive technologies become most urgent nowadays. Studied response of cardiovascular system to a functional test helped to reveal its reserve parameters for further physical load modality planning. High correlation of 6-minutes run test results proved the risk of maladaptive reaction of cardiorespiratory system development to the loads of cyclic character and high intensity. It was proved that the students, who had mass sports categories, own considerable reserves of cardiovascular system, even taking into account the pause (2-3 months) in regular sports lessons. Widespread use of functional tests gives an opportunity to plan individually cardio-oriented load, increase regulating-adaptive range of the main systems of an organism and structurally differentiate the use of cyclic exercises, which are characterized by endurance development.
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Submitted: 20.02.2021 Author's information:
Aleksandr V. Dorontsev - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@ rambler.ru
Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: [email protected] Olga S. Yuzhikova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Technical University, 414016, Russia, Astrakhan, Taticheva str., House 16, e-mail: [email protected] Kseniya A. Dorontseva - Student, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: [email protected]
