CC BY
120
Physiology
D OI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-4-177-182
The influence of aerobic load study on cardiovascular system of students,
who go in for power sports
Marina A. Chichkova, Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina, Alexander V. Dorontsev*, Valentina V. Chichkova
Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-6314-178X, m.chihkova@mail.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-6337-6935, doronceva@rambler.ru ORCID: 0000-0002-9446-103X, aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru*, boldyreva.valya2010@yandex.ru
Abstract: In order to study the influence of differentiated in structure power sports lessons on cardiovascular system of the Astrakhan State Medical University IInd-VIth course students in 2016-2017, we examined 30 students (men, at the age of 19-24). They go in for powerlifting, power extreme, bodybuilding. In the experimental group, the structure of lessons included average distance running. Valid reserve capacities increase of cardiovascular system was revealed. We estimated the indices of hemodynamics, the level of physical qualities development, the results of yearly medical check-up and functional tests. Materials. The results of medical check-ups, the indices of cardiovascular system electrocardiographic study, functional tests results and control normatives. Methods. Information sources analysis and summarizing; the results of instrumental studies, experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The criteria included into the research are the following: physical load tests (bicycle ergometry) with electrocardiographic indices analysis in a yearly cycle of educational-training activities; the level of physical qualities development. All respondents went through every year medical check-up, bicycle ergometry with parallel electrocardiogram fulfillment. The level of physical qualities testing was held at the beginning of academic year and at the end of the year. All students were divided into two groups: experimental group- 15 people (n1 - 15) and control group-15 people (n2 - 15). Statistical data handling was held using standard methods of variative statistics (Statistica 10,0). Differences validity was estimated according to Student's t-test. The differences were valid in case р<0,05. Results. The research results analysis showed that aerobic exercises (average distance running) inclusion into the structure of power sports lessons helped to increase reserve capacities of cardiovascular system. It helped to decrease the risk of pathological changes development. Conclusion. We can state that endurance exercises use in the structure of power related exercises is an effective method of cardiovascular and respiratory systems functional reserves increase.
Keywords: power sports, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, aerobic load.
For citations: Marina A. Chichkova, Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina, Alexsandr V. Dorontsev, Valentina V. Chichkova.Aerobic load influence study on cardiovascular system of students, who go in for power sports. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2018; 13 (4): 146-151. D OI 10.14526/2070-47982018-13-4-177-182
Blood circulation and respiration are the most important processes, which provide plastic and energetic needs of an organism, preserve homeostasis [2]. Power sports include short static loads, which lead to great physical and emotional tension and some negative changes in functional systems of homeostatic level [7]. Not adequate power physical loads can decompensate regulatory-adaptive status of an organism [8,9,14]. One of the main symptoms of pathological changes development in cardiovascular system of the athletes, who go in for power sports, is the increased arterial pressure [10,11,12]. Many scientists pay attention to irrational structuring of educational-training lessons in power sports. This irrational structuring can lead to some negative changes in functional systems of homeostatic level [1,3,4,5,6,13]. We fulfilled comparative analysis of cardiovascular system dynamic indices among the students from the experimental group and the control group. They go in for power sports. Experimental group students had average distance running in the structure of their lessons, in the control group there were no aerobic exercises in the program of lessons.
The aim of the research is to study physical readiness indices, tests with physical loads,
electrocardiography of students, who go in for power sports.
The objective of the research: to estimate the average distance running on dynamic indices of respiratory and cardiovascular system.
Materials and Methods
We examined 30 students (men, at the age of 19-24), who went in for power sports: powerlifting, power extreme, bodybuilding. The average age of the respondents was 21,2 years old. The volume of the training lessons was 6-8 hours a week. All respondents went through a regular medical check-up and were included into the main medical group.
During the research we analyzed the results of physical qualities development tests, clinical information, electrocardiography indices, bicycle ergometry, morphofunctional indices. In terms of the research we formed the experimental (n1 - 15) and the control (n2 - 15) groups. The lessons of the experimental group included average distance running (1000 m till 3000 m) with the corresponding preparing exercises. There were no aerobic exercises in the control group. The research work was held on the basis of Astrakhan State Medical University within the following period: 2016-2017.
Results and Discussion
At the beginning of the research during the electrocardiography we revealed that 6 students from the experimental group had the susceptibility to tachycardia. Heart rate index among 3 people was from 96 till 100 beats per minute, among 4 respondents this index was from 85 till 95 beats per minute. Two students from the experimental group had a low-atrial rhythm at rest and 3 people had sinus arrhythmia.
In the control group before the experiment we also revealed sinus tachycardia with heart rate till 94 beats per minute among 2 people, one person had supraventricular pacemaker wandering, 3 people had sinus arrhythmia. We registered no cases of myocardium repolarization among students of the both groups.
During the results of bicycle ergometry comparison before the experiment we revealed no valid differences between the respondents of both groups. We revealed weak reserve capacities of cardiovascular system, which was seen in submaximal heart rate achievement earlier than the 21st minute of the test (22 people). Among 3 students the test was stopped since the 14th till the 21st minutes because of maximum heart rate achievement.
After six months of training including aerobic loads in a form of average distance running we had the following results: sinus tachycardia and low- atrial rhythm were leveled. Physical load tests showed that there was valid tendency of cardiovascular system reserve capacities increase in the experimental group after six months of training. All 15 respondents fulfilled physical load test with offered to them power of the load without achieving submaximal and maximal heart rate earlier than the 21st minute.
In the control group, where only power oriented exercises were used, we also didn't reveal sinus tachycardia and supraventricular pacemaker wandering during electrocardiography six months later. Physical load test was stopped among 5 people from the control group earlier than the 21st minute because of maximal heart rate achievement. In our opinion, it is connected with the absence of endurance developing cardio-trainings in their program of trainings in order to increase compensation abilities of cardiorespiratory system.
At the same time, if we pay attention to physical readiness indices, considerable changes in the experimental group in 6-minute running 1350±40 m ^<0,05.) were revealed during the 4th month of educational-training lessons. We registered almost the same insignificant power endurance indices increase (chin-up) in both groups during the whole period of the research.
oo
Table 1 - Comparative characteristic of morphofunctional indices and physical qualities development among people, who go in for power sports in the examined groups
Indices Beginning I point of control 2 months II point of control 4 months III point of control 6 months IV points of control 8 months The end of the research 10 months
n1-^ n2-i5 rt-15 n2-i5 rt-15 n2-l5 rt-15 n2-l5 ^-15 tf-15 ^-15
Heart rate at rest (beats per minute) 82±10 82±10 78±io 82±10 76 ±10 83±io 72±5 * 8l±5 70±5 * 82±10 69±5 *
SBP(systolic blood pressure) at rest (millimeters of mercurv) 128±10 128±10 128±10 127±10 126±10 128±10 120±10 i30±i0 120±10 128±10 120±10
DBP (diastolic blood pressure) (millimeters of mercurv) 8o±io 8o±io 8o±io 8o±io 8o±io 8o±io 75 ±10 8o±io 72 ±10 8o±io 70±10
VC (vital capacity), (ml.) 3550±50 3560±50 3670±50 3560±50 3700±50 * 356i±50 3790±50 * 3564±50 3850±50 * 3560±50 3857±50 *
ioo meters running (seconds) l6,0±0,15 l6,0±0,15 i6,I±0,15 l6,0±0,15 l6,0±0,15 15,9±0,15 16,0±0,15 l6,l±0,l5 15,8±O,15 l6,0±0,15 15,8±O,15
hS t?
M*
o
5
I
>3
|
I £
S |
I g
^ a
s § № <
U> >>
^ O
oo ^
6 minutes running (m) 1120±50 1120±50 1200±40 1150±50 1350±40 * H30±50 1380±30 * H30±50 1410±30 1110±50 1410±30
Chin-up (quantity) 13,8±2,2 13,8±2,2 14,4±2,4 14,5±2,2 14,6±2,4 14,4±2,2 14,8±2,2 15,4±2,2 15,0±2,6 15,0±2,6 15,2±2,2
HSTI (Harvard step test index) (standard units) 74,2±2,0 74,2±2,0 75-0±2,0 74,522,0 77,I±2,O 74.0±2,0 78,3±2,O * 74,2±2,0 8o,3±2,o 74,4±2,0 80,2±2,0
I
>3
|
I &
S
S g
^ a
s § № <
U> ►> Oo ^
Notes: * - p <0,05
HR - heart rate, beats per minute; SBP- systolic blood pressure, millimeters of mercury; DBP- diastolic blood pressure, millimeters of mercury; VC- vital capacity ml.; HSTI - Harvard step test index, standard units
Physiology
We revealed no valid changes of speed-power qualities (100 meters running), in the experimental and the control groups during the research.
Initial Harvard step test index (HSTI) in the experimental and the control groups didn't have considerable differences and was 74,2±2,0. We revealed valid increase in the experimental group during the 6th month of control 78,3±2,0 ^<0,05.) and it reflects cardiovascular system adaptive-regulatory indices increase.
It should be noted that valid indices increase of respiratory system reserve capacities VC in the experimental group was after 4 months of trainings 3700±50 ml. ^<0,05.) and stabilized during the 8th month of observations 3850±50 ml.
There was no considerable VC change during the experiment in the control group.
Conclusion
Thus, as a result of the research we come to the conclusion that average distance running inclusion into the structure of power sports trainings causes valid increase of cardiorespiratory system reserves and the tendency of endurance level increase. Received results during cardiovascular system instrumental study helped to reveal the tendency to heart rate disorders leveling (sinus tachycardia, low-atrial rhythm), bicycle ergometry results improvement. It is connected with aerobic load inclusion into the structure of power trainings. The offered average distance running inclusion into the structure of power sports lessons has good adaptive indices and can be recommended for power sports clubs.
References
1. Aftimichuk O.E., Kuznetsova Z.M. Rhythm importance in the system of professional pedagogical and sports training. Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie I medico-biologicheskie problem fizicheskoy kultury i sporta = Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sport. 2015; 10(2): 28-38. DOI: 10.14526/01_1111_04 (in Russ., in Engl.).
2. Gorst V.R., Gorst N.A., Polukova M.V., Bagamaeva A.B., Shebeko L.V., Lobanova M.I. Rhythms dissonance of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in case of maximal physical loads. Astrakhanskiy Meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2011; 2: 242-244 (in Russ.).
3. Zharikova S.Z. Prospective of X-ray-anatomic morphometry use for athletes' functional reserve capacities estimation. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeniP.F. Lesgafta. 2015; 11(125): 89- 93 (in Russ.).
4. Kotov P.A. Adaptation to physical loads as the base for high training level of an athlete's organism. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2007; 7: 45-47 (in Russ.).
5. Melnikova O.F., Lomakina N.A. Motor activity as the factor of health improvement. Zhurnal "Uspekhi sovremennoy nauki i obrazovaniya". 2016; 1(12): 153-155 (in Russ.).
6. Nesmeyanov A.I., Demchik A.V., Utyasheva I.M., Khomyakov G.K., Natalevich L.F. Physical qualities development by means of "deadlift" exercise. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2017; 12(154): 198-202 (in Russ.).
7. Pupyshev A.E., Mudrenko N.A. The methodology of athletes' power training substantiation in powerlifting on the basis of individual training programs use. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2017; 7(149): 165-171 (in Russ.).
8. Fedorov N.A., Vanyushin Yu.S., Elistratov D.E. Typological peculiarities of blood circulation influence on cardiorespiratory system indices among athletes during increasing power load. Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie I medico-biologicheskieproblemfizicheskoy kultury isporta = Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sport. 2018; 13(3): 199-206 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-199-206 (in Russ., in Engl.).
9. Panikhina A.V., Kolesnikova O.B. Effects of recreational aerobics on adaptation of female first-year students from urban area and rural area to conditions of higher school education. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2012; 152(4): 480-482.
10. Billat V., Beillot J., Jan J., Rochcongar P., Carre F. Gender effect on the relationship of time limit at 100% VO2max with other bioenergetic characteristics. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1996; 28(8): 1049-1055. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199608000-00016.
11. Bosquet L., Gamelin F.-X., Berthoin S. Is aerobic endurance a determinant of cardiac autonomic regulation? European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007; 100(3): 363-369. DOI: 10.1007/ s00421-007-0438-3.
12. Boutcher S.H., Park Y., Dunn S.L., Boutcher Y.N. The relationship between cardiac autonomic function and maximal oxygen uptake response to high-intensity intermittent-exercise training. Journal of Sports Science. 2013; 31(9): 1024-1029. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.762984.
13. Davison R.R., Someren K.A., Jones A.M. Physiological monitoring of the Olympic athlete. Journal of Sports Science. 2009; 27(13): 1433-1442. DOI: N10.1080/02640410903045337.
14. Plews D.J., Laursen P.B., Kilding A.E., Buchheit M. Heart rate variability in elite triathletes, is variation in variability the key to effective training? A case comparison. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2012; 112(11): 3729-3741. DOI: 10.1007^00421-012-2354-4.
Submitted: 01.11.2018 Author's information:
Marina A. Chichkova - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, Bakinskaya str, House 121, Astrakhan, Russia, 414000, e-mail: m. chichkova@mail. ru Anastasiya A. Svetlichkina - Lecturer, Astrakhan State Medical University, Bakinskaya str., House 121, Astrakhan, Russia, 414000, e-mail: doronceva@rambler.ru
Alexander V. Dorontsev* - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, Bakinskaya str., House 121, Astrakhan, Russia, 414000, e-mail: aleksandr. doroncev@. rambler. ru*
Valentina V. Chichkova - Laboratory Technician, Astrakhan State Medical University, Bakinskaya str., House 121, Astrakhan, Russia, 414000, e-mail:boldyreva.valya2010@yandex.ru
