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DOI 10.14526/02_2018_331
FACTORS OF TRAUMATISM AND REGULATORY-ADAPTIVE STATUS DISORDER AMONG PEOPLE GOING IN FOR CROSSFIT
1 * 2 * 2 2 Dorontsev A. V. , Zinchuk N.A. , Rybnikova O.L. , Fedorova T. A.
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Astrakhan State Medical University", Russia, Astrakhan, aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University", Russia, Astrakhan, niva-zinchuk@mail.ru, oljafishtrade@rambler.ru, 19fedorova19@mail.ru
Annotation. The research results among 62 male students (18-23 years old) of Astrakhan State Medical University and Astrakhan State University, who go in for crossfit, showed that disadaptation reactions development as a result of the training loads more often happens during weightlifting exercises fulfillment and also during average distances running with time control. The initial level of general physical and sports-technical readiness and also reserve capacities of cardiorespiratory system and locomotor apparatus determination will help to decrease the risks of students' regulatory-adaptive status disruption during educational-training crossfit lessons. Materials. The work presents stress-reactions study among students of Astrakhan State Medical University and Astrakhan State University, who go in for crossfit. Research methods. Scientific literature analysis and summarizing, clinical information, electrocardiography indices, standard functional tests, results of control normatives analysis, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The research was held in order to decrease the risks of disadaptation reactions development among students, who go in for crossfit, on the basis of algorithm analysis of educational-training activity, the results of medical, pedagogical control, functional tests and control normatives. Conclusion. Shows that physical load volume, intensity and difficult coordinating exercises fulfillment should correspond with the level ofphysical and sports-technical readiness of those, who train. Regular medical and pedagogical control will help to reveal pathological changes development, timely correct educational-training load or suspend from the trainings with a profile medical examination prescription.
Keywords: crossfit, students, spare capacities of an organism, disadaptation reactions. For citations: Dorontsev A.V., Zinchuk N.A., Rybnikova O.L., Fedorova T.A. Factors of traumatism and regulatory-adaptive status disorder among people going in for crossfit. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(2): 190-193. DOI 10.14526/02_2018_331
INTRODUCTION
Crossfit is a complex of highly intensive and regularly changing exercises, which includes parts of weightlifting and track-and-field athletics, body-building, powerlifting, fitness, classical gymnastics, kettlebell lifting [3]. Many researchers [4,5,6,7,8,9] consider that there is a kind of dependence between physical development, physical readiness indices and the level of adaptive abilities. At the same time, training and competitive activity educational loads
imposes great demands on functional abilities of an organism. Discrepancy between physical load intensity and adaptive capacities of an organism can cause a range of changes in the functional systems of homeostatic level, can change regulatory-adaptive status of an organism, predicting present and future course of adaptation [2]. In this connection we analyzed traumatism and risks of the organism regulatory-adaptive status decompensation development as a result of the training load among students of Astrakhan
State Medical University and Astrakhan State University, who go in for crossfit.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research organization. We examined 62 male students (18-23 years old) of the main medical group at the Astrakhan State Medical University and the Astrakhan State University, who went in for crossfit during 2016-2017academic years. During the research 12 students left the groups for different reasons. During the research clinical information, electrocardiography indices, standard functional tests indices, the results of control normatives were analyzed. The following means were used in the research: fitness-trackers GarminVivosmart HR, electrocardiograph CardiovitAT-101 3-channel ("Schiller", Switzerland), program for the work with electronic tables MicrosoftExcel 2007 with macro-supplement XLSTAT-Pro (Microsoft, the USA), software package for statistical analysis Statistical (StatSoftInc., the USA). The research was held on the basis of Astrakhan State Medical University and Astrakhan State University.
Research results. According to the research results, disadaptation reactions development was among more than 40% of students, who go in for crossfit during the first month of educational-training lessons. Regulatory function of an organism change was mainly registered during tempo weightlifting difficult coordinating exercises fulfillment (barbell burst and jerk), 1000 meters running with time control and the elements of sports gymnastics at apparatuses. During the elements of free calisthenics fulfillment, sprint (60-100 meters), shuttle run 3x10 and also exercises at sports training simulators fulfillment, disadaptation reactions development was less evident. Analysis of stress-reactions development to educational training load showed, that dominant factor of disadaptation reactions in 1000 meters running was the syndrome of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD)-19,35%, which is reflected in headache, slight giddiness, paleness and general discomfort, heart rate 180±10 beats per minute, arterial blood
pressure (ABP) 140/90 ±10 mm Hg, then there was rhythm of breathing disorder-11,20%, muscles spasms - 4,83%, mainly gastrocnemius spasm; hypoglycemia and stress-reaction of unclear etiology - 3,22%. Difficult coordinating weightlifting exercises fulfillment (burst and jerk with time control) was accompanied by VVD syndrome among 19,35% of students, heart rate 196 ±10 beats per minute, ABP 137/90 ± 10 mm Hg; also over-tension of back muscles was revealed -29,03%; knee joint injury in a form of a partial disorder of medial ligament integrity had one student, partial rupture of the separate fibers of ancipital collateral ligament with its general continuity preservation also had only one student. Exercises at parallel bars fulfillment in most cases (14,50%) were accompanied by surface damage of skin integument in a form of skin wounds and sore spots with small blood vessels damage. In one case during end dismount trauma of ankle joint was revealed, which was characterized by the separate fibers of talofibular ligament rupture without stability loss (picture 1).
The research results helped to reveal that stress-reactions to physical load development were among most students (42,7±10%) during the first months of trainings, which proves a low level of physical readiness and also insufficient methodical support of educational-training process. In the future, after 3 months of trainings, the level of regulatory functions disorder considerably decreased, which is the result of adaptation to the training load.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the held research shows that disadaptation reactions and locomotor apparatus traumatism among students, who go in for crossfit, is mainly revealed during tempo, difficult coordinating weightlifting exercises fulfillment, average distance running and during the elements of gymnastics fulfillment at sports apparatuses. It should be noted that regulatory-adaptive status rehabilitation in average distance running was after 3 months of trainings, at the same time, barbell burst and jerk in power
block of training was accompanied by decompressing factors during the whole period of the research. Stress-reactions demonstration of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in sprint and also in block of exercises for coordination and at sports
of an organism stress-reactions to educational-training load, in our opinion, can be a low level of general and sports-technical readiness of those, who go in for crossfit, and also insufficient methodical support, which doesn't provide individual planning of
training simulators was weak. The main factor
physical load volume and intensity.
VVD syndrome Muscles spasm Respiratory rhythm violation Hypoglycemia and stress of unclear etiology
VVD syndrome Back muscles over-tension Locomotor apparatus trauma Surface damage of skin Locomotor apparatus trauma
14,51%
4,83%
11,20%%
3,22%
19,35%
29,03%
3,22%
14,50%
3,22%
-i-10
—i— 20
30
1000
meters
running
Tempo
weightlifting
exercises
I Exercises at sports
apparatuses
40
0
Picture 1 - Structure of traumas and regulatory-adaptive status disorder among people, who go in
for crossfit
Practical recommendations.
1. The frequency analysis of the registered stress-reactions of an organism to 1000 meters running with time control shows that this track and field exercise inclusion into the system of crossfit training lesson should be regulated, taking into account real physical readiness of students, functional tests indices, results of medical and pedagogical control.
2. Tempo weightlifting exercises inclusion into the system of crossfit trainings during the first 6 months can be recommended only as the separate elements, which help to form initial technique of exercises fulfillment.
3. Individual pedagogical and current medical control during crossfit will not only provide the risk decrease of organism disadaptation reactions development, but also increase the effectiveness of the main physical qualities development.
4. In order to prevent traumas during the elements of gymnastics fulfillment, especially at gymnastic apparatuses, it is
necessary to study the technique of injury factor exercises fulfillment with the corresponding supervision and self-supervision. Anthropometric data analysis will help a trainer-instructor to determine the expediency of gymnastics elements fulfillment at sports apparatuses.
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Dorontsev A.V. — Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Astrakhan State Medical University", 41400, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru Zinchuk N.A. — Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University", 414028, Russia, Tatishcheva str., House 20 A, e-mail: niva-zinchuk@mail.ru
Rybnikova O.L. - Associate Professor of Physical Culture Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University", 414028, Russia, Tatishcheva str., House 20 A, e-mail: oljafishtrade@rambler.ru
Fedorova T. A. - Candidate of Philological Sciences, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Astrakhan State University", 414028, Russia, Tatishcheva str., House 20 A, e-mail: 19fedorova19@,mail.ru
