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Authors information:
Francis Mundia Mwangi (PhD) Lecturer, Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel. +254722761379, Email Address; mwangi.francis@,ku.ac.ke
For citations: Francis Mundia Mwangi Assessment of spirometric and cardio-respiratory values of kenyan distance runners, The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogi-co-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 106-116. DOI 10/14526/04_2017_272
DOI 10/14526/04_2017_273
EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF OLDER MEN ENGAGED IN
SPORTS AND RECREATION GROUPS
Alexsandr V. Dorontsev - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, Baku str., House 121, Astrakhan, Russia, 414000 Nina A. Zinchuk - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Alevtina P. Yaroshinskaya - doctor of biological Sciences
Astrakhan State University, Tatishcheva str., House 31/17, Astrakhan, Russia 414028
E-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru
Annotation. The article presents the results of health-improving exercises complex study influence on physical readiness indices of elderly age men, who have structural, metabolic and morphofunctional changes. 15 men (60-65-year-old) took part in the research. All men went through physical check-up, risk factors estimation of disadaptation reactions during physical loads, electrocardiography, duplex ultrasonography screening of extracranially vessels, the dynamics of glycemic level on an empty stomach and postprandial glycemia were estimated, intrusive investigation of vertebral area, provocative tests, also the indices of lipid spectrum and hemodynamics indices were revealed. The received results prove that individual complexes of health-improving exercises are able to slow down involutory processes and increase life quality. Materials. The research work presents morphofunctional state and clinico-laboratorial data study of elderly age men at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment and after it, in general according to educational-training plan 88 lessons. Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing; clinical information and laboratory studies analysis, electrocardiography indices and standard provocative tests analysis. Results. The research results prove that individually structured physical exercises of health-improving orientation increase the level of physical readiness among elderly age men, the results of clinico-laboratorial studies also showed positive dynamics at the end of the pedagogical experiment. Conclusion. The held research shows that the revealed dynamics of health state, clinico-laboratorial indices, functional state of elderly age men prove the effectiveness of individually structured health-improving programs use.
Keywords: health-improving exercises, functional indices, elderly age men.
Introduction
Modern gerontology has a serious factual material concerning sufficient structural, metabolic and functional changes during organism aging [2]. Great amount of elderly age people (60-70 years old) has different diseases [6]. Because of age-related changes, together with different diseases and hypodynamia, elderly age people have a low level of working capacity, their adaptation to different factors of environment decreases [1]. Some authors [4] mention, that motional activity regimens intensification (health-improving physical culture) improves health state [3], broadens functional abilities, slows down aging among elderly age people.
Native and foreign literature sufficiently reflects the technologies of health-improving running, walking, skiing, swimming, cycling and etc., which are used in health-improving physical culture [5].
It is known that health-improving forms of motional activity are widely used during physical culture lessons and sport [7,8].
However, there are no enough research works concerning the influence of health-improving physical exercises on an organism of elderly age men [3]. Moreover, methodical recommendations on health-improving physical culture means selection, the volume and intensity of the loads, as a rule, don't take into consideration individual characteristics of elderly age involutory processes, that is why it is important for theory and practice of health-improving physical culture to study a wide range of questions, connected with the technology of motional activity creation and substantiation during elderly age. RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
We examined 15 men at the age of 6065. Clinical information, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy indices, duplex
ultrasonography screening of extracranially vessels were analyzed, glycemic level and lipid spectrum indices were estimated. The studies were held using the following means: electrocardiography Cardiovit AT-101 3-canal
("Schiller", Switzerland), "Vivid 3" TM apparatus, the USA with linear transducer 7,5 MHz, sonicator Sono line G60 S ("Siemens", Germany), electrocardiography recorder according to Holter Microvit MT-101 and analysis program MT-200 ("Schiller", Switzerland), programs for the work with electronic tables MicrosoftExcel 2007 with macros- supplement XLSTAT-Pro (Microsoft, the USA), software package for statistical analysis Statistica 10 (StatSoftInc., the USA). The research works were held on the basis of Astrakhan State Medical University. RESEARCH RESULTS
All respondents subjectively occasionally experienced malaise, they mainly complained of episodic pain in knee-joints, headache, frequency, rhythm and depth of breathing disorders in terms of intensive
no abnormality, three people had pathological accent and cardiac murmur over the heart area, 10 people had tachycardia, 14 people had atherosclerosis of aorta of cervical part (from 22% to 45%), 7 people had supraventricular extrasystole. Three respondents had the syndrome of early encephalocoel repolarization as the result of vegetative nervous system changes with predominant influence of a vagus nerve, which was proved by the tests with physical load. During arterial pressure measuring breakpoints of AP had 3 people (140/90 ± 10 mm Hg). As a result of a complex medical check-up all 15 people with some restrictions (mainly running, jumps, quick change of body position in space, breath holding exercises, vigorous exercises with sports devices) were permitted to attend the lessons in physical-health-improving group.
Indices At the beginning of the pedagogical experiment After the pedagogical experiment
The level of glucose in blood on an empty stomach 7,2 ± 0,6 mmol/L 6,3 ± 0,6 mmol/L
General cholesterin of blood plasma 6,50 ± 1,2 mmol/L 5,70 ± 1,0 mmol/L
Triglycerin of blood plasma 2,1 ± 0,61 mmol/L 0,89 ± 0,25 mmol/L
Arterial pressure 135/90 ± 10 mm Hg 129/85 ± 10 mm Hg
Pulse 88 ± 10 beats per minute 77 ± 10 beats per minute
physical load, auscultatory state of ungs had
Table 1 - Clinico -laboratorial characteristics of the respondents
The results analysis of clinico -laboratorial characteristics showed that the lessons in physical-health-improving group helped to decrease the level of glucose in blood, there also was the tendency to hypercholesterolemia and
hypertriglyceridemia, blood pressure and heart rate at rest decrease (table 1).
The dynamics analysis of physical development among the respondents proves, that during the pedagogical experiment there were no significant shifts in anthropometric indices change. However, during the period of pedagogical experiment there were the definite shifts in the results of the studied motional tests fulfillment (picture 1).
Picture 1 - Tests results at the beginning and at the end of the pedagogical experiment
squatting press-up forward legs step test
bend lifting
During the period of the pedagogical experiment the average result in "Hands extension in prone position" test improved to 55,5% (p < 0,05), in the second test -"Squatting" - the average result increased to 63% (p < 0,05). In "Forward bend" test during the average result estimation insignificant improvement to 0,1 point was revealed. In "Legs lifting till 45-60 degrees angle from prone position on the floor" test the result increased to 43% (p < 0,05). Significant is the test for movements coordination, which is fulfilled on a step-board (consistency and sequence of the set movements fulfillment) -the result improved to 61% (p < 0,05). The results dynamics analysis of this test fulfillment proves that during the pedagogical experiment the respondents had positive changes of motional reaction quickness.
As the held research works showed, selected by us and used during the pedagogical experiment methodology of health-improving physical culture is effective enough. It is proved by positive changes of health state, physical working capacity indices increase, metabolic processes normalization, slowing down of age-related decrease of strength, endurance and flexibility, muscular tonus of the respondents from the experimental group.
It is proved by the fact, that some indices among the respondents have the tendency to improve. Also we revealed the
emotional state improvement among the respondents. After the held survey at the final stage we revealed, that the respondents started to sleep better, they became less irritated, the work of digestive tract and cardio- respiratory system became normal, meteosensitivity decreased.
Thus, received during the pedagogical experiment results help to come to the conclusion that stabilization and increase of physical readiness indices of elderly age men reflect only positive influence of health-improving physical culture on organism state in general.
Conclusion:
1. The dynamics of health state, clinico-laboratorial indices, functional state of elderly age men prove the effectiveness of individually structured health-improving programs use.
2. Statistically valid correlation between the volume of physical-health-improving lessons and the level of motional tasks mastering and also between respondents' physical qualities development is stated.
Practical recommendations
1. Thorough medical check-up of cardio- respiratory system, locomotor apparatus, clinico-laboratory results analysis will help to determine individually physical-health-improving lessons structure, orientation, volume and intensity.
2. Current instrumental control over hemodynamics will provide the risk decrease of organism stress-reactions development to physical load and also will help to determine variatively the level of physical load.
3. Taking into account the basis of involution processes laws and the results of pedagogical experiment health-improving physical culture instructors should restrict physical exercises, which have a vivid dynamic character (jumps, sharp starts and others) and breath holding exercises, the fulfillment of which can cause adaptive-regulatory mechanisms breakdown.
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Submitted: 18.12.2017 Received: 21.12.2017
Authors information:
Alexsandr V. Dorontsev - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, Baku str., House 121, Astrakhan, Russia, 414000, E-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru
Nina A. Zinchuk - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor Astrakhan State University, Tatishcheva str., House 31/17, Astrakhan, Russia 414028
Alevtina P. Yaroshinskaya - doctor of biological Sciences Astrakhan State University, Tatishcheva str., House 31/17, Astrakhan, Russia 414028
For citations: Dorontsev A.V., Zinchuk N.A., Yarochinskaya A.P. Evaluation of the functional status of older men engaged in sports and recreation groups, The Russian journal ofphysical education and
sport (pedagogico-pshycological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 116-121. DOI 10/14526/04_2017_273
DOI 10/14526/04_2017_274
ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS CONTROL OF YOUNG SKI JUMPERS
Georgiy K. Lebedev - Teacher Physical Culture, Sport and Youth Policy Institute of Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Komintern str., 14, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
E-mail: g.k.lebedev@urfu.ru
Annotation. Sport success in ski jumping is mainly conditioned by morphological characteristics of sportsmen. Anthropometric parameters control among young ski jumpers is necessary for the most prospective sportsmen selection, the level of physical development taking into consideration during adequate training means and methods, training and competitive loads selection. Material. This article presents the results of comparative analysis of male and female ski jumpers' morphological characteristics from the groups of initial training and educational-training stage, received during the offered by the author control system of anthropometric parameters use. Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, anthropometric parameters of sportsmen measuring with the help of mechanical instruments, created on the basis of research works by Rudolf Martin, morphological indices calculation, comparative analysis, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. In order to solve the set problems the research works were held with 149 young ski jumpers of different age groups. Asthenic type of constitution was revealed among all sportsmen. Bodymass index (BMI) gradually increases among young men with age. The sportsmen are revealed at the stage of initial training with extended, ordinary and shortened variant of biological development and skijumpers at educational-training stage of training, who have lagging, normal and advanced physical development. More female juniors are revealed in puberty period of development during the first age, among male juniors- during the second educational-training stage of training, the sportsmen are revealed with earlier and late term ofpuberty periodfrom 6 months till 2 years. Special indices value comparison among ski-jumpers during the final years of educational-training stage of training with the results of the best jumpers at the stage of training sportsmen of the highest sportsmanship helped to reveal the most talented sportsmen, taking into account their morphological characteristics. Conclusion. The presented system of anthropometric parameters estimation is objective and informative enough, is based on popular morphological indices calculation, doesn't demand difficult equipment use and can be recommended to trainers during training young ski jumpers. Keywords: sports reserve training, ski jumping, morphology, comparative analysis.
Urgency. Ski jumps belong to individual, difficult-coordinating, speedpower kinds of sport, for which training sportsmen is realized mainly on the basis of individual-typological approach application. At the initial stage of training sportsmen the methodologies of sports selection are used [4,7], at further stages it is necessary to orient oneself at individual peculiarities of a definite
sportsman taking into consideration during adequate training means and methods, training and competitive loads selection[1,8].
In ski jumping results of a sportsman are first of all conditioned by morphological, motor and psychological factors. In particular, with the help of factorial analysis Jost B. [11] stated that morphological parameters condition sport success of ski jumpers to 20-25%, as
