3Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
SOCIOCULTURAL FEATURES OF COMMISSIVES IN THE ENGLISH
AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Fotima Turg'unovna Kosimova
Senior teacher Department of English Applied Disciplines Uzbekistan State World Languages University Gmail: [email protected]
ANNOTATSIYA:
Maqolada ingliz va o'zbek tillaridagi komissiv nutq aktlari va ulaming ijtimoiy-madaniy jihatlari o'rganiladi. Maqola o'zbek va ingliz tillaridagi prezident nutqlaridagi komissivlarni o'xshashlik va farqllarini ijtimoiy-madaniy jihatdan ko'rib chiqadi.
Kalit so'zlar: komissivlar, ijtimoiy-madaniy aspekt, o'zbek, ingliz, prezident nutqlari.
ABSTRACT:
The article investigates the commissives speech acts and their sociocultural aspects in the English and Uzbek languages. The work concentrates on identical and diverse points of commissives in both languages in terms of sociocultural qualities in political language.
Keywords: commissives, sociocultural aspect, Uzbek, English, political language.
Introduction
Commissive speech acts play an essential role in language communication by enabling individuals to make commitments, promises, vows, and threats. They help establish trust, build relationships, and create expectations for future actions. Commissives in both English and Uzbek languages can diversify in their sociocultural features owing to the differences in cultural norms and values. In Western cultures, commissives are often used to express promises, commitments, and intentions to do something in the future. These commitments are generally taken seriously and breaking them can lead to negative evaluations from others. In Uzbek, commissives are also applied to represent oaths and commitments, but the significance of keeping one's word may differ. According to Uzbek society, dedication is accepted as a way to build rapport and maintain harmony. If promises are not kept, it may cause negative social results.
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April 23-24, 2024
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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Main body
There are several types of commissive speech acts that encourage a speaker to do some future plans and arrangements. The types of commissives are exemplified and analyzed in the English and Uzbek languages by analyzing speeches of presidents further.
a) Promise. It is a commitment to do something in the future. The examples are based on presidents' speeches. Joe Biden stated in his speech after historic election that "We must make the promise of the country real for everybody, no matter their race, their ethnicity, their faith, their identity, or their disability." He explicitly promise to equalize everyone's rights. However, Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his Address to Supreme Court pointed out his promise implicitly "Bu borada Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti bilan hamkorlikda tuzilgan Orolbo'yi mintaqasida inson xavfsizligini ta'minlash bo'yicha ko'p tomonlama Trast fondi doirasidagi amaliy ishlarni yanada kuchaytiramiz". By analyzing these two speeches, we can identify one sociocultural feature that even though individualism is common in Western cultures, President Joe Biden used plural form of pronoun "we" to build a close relationship with the audience. Likewise, Shavkat Mirziyoyev also applied the form of collectivism as it is widely accepted in Eastern cultures.
b) Oath. It is a solemn promise or declaration, often invoking a higher power or something sacred. Both Joe Biden and Shavkat Mirziyoyev used the word oath explicitly in an inaugural ceremony official setting to express affirmation in the truthfulness of testimony. Joe Biden took the oath: "I have just taken the sacred oath each of these patriots took — an oath first sworn by George Washington" by placing his hand on the Bible. While Shavkat Mirziyoyev took his oath: "Ozbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti zimmasiga yuklatilgan vazifalarni bajarishga tantanali qasamyod qilaman" by placing his hand on the Quran. The biggest cultural difference between these two oaths is that they place their hands on their holy religious books. It is one of the socially and culturally accepted norms in these both countries. In addition, Joe Biden mentioned the first President of America George Washington in his oath to emphasize to have similar leadership abilities as Washington and to add the same contribution to the development of American nation as it was done by the first president.
c) Guarantee. It is a is a promise or assurance that a particular outcome will be achieved. Guarantees are expressed in various ways in the English and Uzbek languages. For example, Joe Biden in his first campaign speech of the 2024 election year offered a guarantee "We're the only nation in the world that's come out of every crisis stronger than we went into that crisis. And that was true yesterday. It is true
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
today. And I guarantee you will be true tomorrow". In this sentence, we can see a vivid example of individualism since it is widely used in Western countries. Joe Biden applied the pronoun "I" instead of pronoun "we". However, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev offered his guarantee in the meeting with the Supreme Court: "Biz demokratiya va ochiqlik siyosatini izchil davom ettirib, konstruktiv muxolifat faoliyatini, so'z va matbuot erkinligi, fuqarolarning axborot olish, undan foydalanish va tarqatishga bo'lgan huquqlarini kafolatlaymiz" He used a cultural value which is called collectivism that appreciates cooperation and harmony.
d) Undertaking. It is a formal commitment to carry out a specific task or responsibility. If we analyze speeches of presidents, we may ensure again some cultural violations in these both presidents' speeches. For instance, Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his speech stated "Saylovda menga bildirilgan ishonch - yuksak sharaf, muqaddas burch ekanini, ayni vaqtda bu ishonch zimmamga qanday ulkan mas'uliyat va javobgarlik yuklashini ham chuqur his etib turibman." In this sentence, the president used a special suffix "-m" to show one of cultural values individualism even though it is not frequently observed in Eastern culture. On the contrary, the American President Joe Biden used plural form while he was giving speech in 154th National Memorial Day Observance: "And today, as a nation, we undertake a sacred ritual: to reflect and to remember". Although Western culture is associated with individualism, Joe Biden applied "we" instead of "I" to create a close relationship with the audience. In addition, Biden emphasized pronoun "we" to show Americans as a nation. On the other hand, Shavkat Mirziyoyev mentioned about election and what responsibility he received after becoming a president.
After analyzing these two presidents' speeches in terms of commissives and their sociocultural aspects, we can confirm that one of the most frequently observed cultural value - individualism and collectivism have been implemented in different circumstances by both presidents. It ensures that even though these cultural values are associated with either Western or Eastern cultures, they can be used by various cultures to establish credibility, trust, and accountability with the public. Furthermore, they enable the public shape their perception of president's leadership skills and building trust.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the role of commissives is significant in both English and Uzbek languages. Though certain cultural values like individualism and collectivism are appreciated and promoted in particular cultures, some instances of violations can be
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
observed and embraced in both cultures to achieve specific purposes, especially in political language.
REFERENCES:
1. Austin, John L., 1962 How to do Things with Word. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
2. Adrian, Beard. 1999 The Language of Politics. Routledge
3. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-
remarks/2022/05/30/remarks-by-president-biden-at-the-154th-national-memorial-day-observance/
4. https://president.uz/oz/lists/category/57menu id=12&page=1&per-page=15
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