CC BY
0INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
"ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT, MODERN METHODS AND
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS" _SEPTEMBER 26-27, 2024_
UDK. 638.1.15
SALMONELLYOZ KASALLIGI, KURASH CHORALARI VA
DAVOLASH USULLARI
*Kakhramanov Boymakhamat Abduazizovich, 2O'ralova Jayrona O'tkir qizi, 3Normuxammedov Azamxon Sultonxonovich
123Toshkent davlat agrar univerisiteti https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13854206
Annotasiya. Salmonellyoz kasalligining kelib chiqishi, kasallik tarqalish yo'llari, kasallik quzgatuvchilari, kasalikning o'tish davri, kasallikning klinik belgilari, kasallik diagnostikasini aniqlash usullari, kasallik oqibatlari, kasallikka qarshi kurashish choralari va davolash usullari haqida batafsilma'lumotlar beriladi.
Kalit so'zlar: Salmonellayoz, kasallik,asalari, o'tish davri, klinik belgi, diagnostika, davolash, asalari.
Аннотация. Подробные сведения о происхождении сальмонеллеза, путях распространения заболевания, возбудителях, переходном периоде заболевания, клинических признаках заболевания, методах диагностики заболевания, последствиях заболевания, мерах борьбы с заболеванием, методах лечения предоставлены.
Ключевые слова:Сальмонеллезная болезнь, заболевание, пчелы, переходный период, клинические признаки, диагностика, лечение, пчелы.
Abstract. Detailed information on the origin of salmonellosis, ways of spreading the disease, causative agents, the transition period of the disease, clinical signs of the disease, methods of diagnosing the disease, consequences of the disease, measures to combat the disease, and treatment methods are provided.
Keywords:Salmonella disease, disease, bees, transition period, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, bees.
KIRISH
Asalarilar oilalarining yuqumli kasalligi bo'lib, yoshi katta asalarilarning o'limiga olib keladi, turli xil salmonellalar keltirib chiqaradi [1,2,13].
Bu kasallik dunyoning ko'plab mamlakatlarda keng tarqalgan. Ko'pincha infektsiyaning manbai infektsiyalangan hayvonlar va bakteriyalar tashuvchilardir, kasallikni nafaqat hayvonlarning har xil turlari, balkim asalarilar va yovoyi arilarning o'zlari hamdir. Shu sababli, asalarilarning salmonellyozi chorvachilik binolari, fermer xo'jaliklarining oqava suvlari va qishloq xo'jaligi hayvonlari saqlanadigan joylariga yaqin joylashgan asalarichilik xo'jaliklarida uchraydi [3,4,5,6].
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT, MODERN METHODS AND
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS" SEPTEMBER 26-27, 2024
1.Rasm. Salmonellyoz tufayli asalarilarning nobud bo'lishi
Agar asalarichilar asalarilarni saqlashda veterinariya-sanitariya qoidalarini buzsa va asalarichilik xo'jaligida toza ichimlik suvi idishlari bo'lmasa, salmonellyoz paratiflarning tarqalish ehtimoli ortadi. Asalarilar va yovoyi arilarning barcha turlari kasallikka moyil. Asalarilarda salmonellyozning inkubatsiya davri 3-14 kun. Salmonella turlaridan biri bilan kasallangan asalarilardan olingan asalarichilik mahsulotlari iste'mol qilish uchun yaroqli bulmaydi va inson salomatligi uchun xavfli bo'lib, zaharlanishga olib keladi [7,8,12].
Yuqumli kasallikning qo'zg'atuvchisi asalarilar tanasiga suv va ifloslangan oziq-ovqat bilan kiradi va oshqozon-ichak traktida ko'payadi. Natijada peritrofik membranalar, gemolimfa, mushaklar va boshqa a'zolar ishdan chiqadi. Mikroorganizmlarning yanada ko'payishi bilan asalarilar tez nobud buladi. Ko'pincha asalari oilalarining salmonellyozi qish oxirida va erta bahorda, asalarilarni saqlash va oziqlantirish shartlari buzilganda sodir bo'ladi. Tashqi tomondan, kasallik kengaygan qorin sifatida namoyon bo'ladi. Ovqat hazm qilish tizimidagi buzilishlar tufayli diareya qayd etiladi. Najas to'q jigarrang rangga ega, bulib yopishqoq va yomon hidli buladi. Qishdan chiqqandan kieyin fevral-mart oylarida, salmonellyoz bilan kasallangan asalarilar tashvishli, haddan tashqari hayajonlangan ko'rinadilar, keyin depressiya boshlanadi. Uyaga kirish joyida asalari axlatining parchalanishi tufayli chirigan hid keladi. Parvozi sust, asalari oilalalari juda zaiflashadi va rivojlanishdan to'xtaydi. O'lgan asalarilar soni kundan-kunga ortib boradi [4,6].
Diagnostikasi. Asalarilarda salmonellyozni aniqlash uchun xarakterli klinik belgilarni, shuningdek, bakteriologik va serologik veterinariya laboratoriya tekshiruvlari natijalarini (gemolimfa sekretsiyasi, ichak tarkibi) hisobga olish kerak. Veterinariya laboratoriyasida patogenning antibakterial terapiyaga sezgirligi aniqlanadi. Nosematoz, gafnioz, kolibakterioz va boshqa enterobakteriozlarni istisno qilish muhimdir.
Oldini olish. Asalarilar salmonellyozining oldini olish asalarichilikni chorvachilik, mo'yna va parrandachilik fermalaridan uzoqda joylashtirish, shuningdek, asalari oilalarini saqlashda veterinariya-sanitariya qoidalariga rioya qilish, ularni sifatli ichimlik va oziq-ovqat bilan ta'minlashdan iborat.
Davolash. Asalarilar kasallikning boshlanish vaqtiga qarab bahorda (mart-may oyining boshlarida) yoki yozda davolanadi. Terapevtik oziqlantirish infektsiyalangan hamda shartli sog'lom deb hisoblangan asalari oilalariga beriladi. Zaiflashayotgan oilalar yuq qilinadi. Dori-darmonlar shakar sharbatiga 1:1 nisbatda shakar va suv qo'shib tayerlanadi. Antibakterial terapiya, sintomitsin yoki xloramfenikol 0,2-05 g, tetratsiklin yoki terramitsin bilan 1 litr sirop uchun 200 000-300 000 birlik dozada amalga oshiriladi.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
"ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT, MODERN METHODS AND
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS" _SEPTEMBER 26-27, 2024_
O'rtacha holatda zararlangan asalarilar oilalari uchun preparatning minimal dozasi, kuchli asalari oilalari uchun - maksimal dozasi qo'llaniladi. Antibiotiklar oz miqdorda suvda (terramitsin, tetratsiklin) eritiladi yoki kukunli massaga maydalanadi va suv bilan aralashtiriladi (xloramfenikol va sintomitsin suvda yomon eriydi). Keyin ular 30-37 daraja haroratda shakar sarbatiga qo'shiladi. Terapevtik oziqlantirish kechqurun 4-5 kunlik interval bilan uch marta ko'chaga 100 g beriladi.
Asalarilarning salmonellyozi asalarichilarga katta iqtisodiy zarar etkazishi mumkin.
REFERENCES
1. Kaxramanov B.A., Safarova F.E., Isamuxamedov S.Sh., Donaev X.A., Ergashev X.B. "Asalarichilik asoslari" (o'quv qo'llanma). Toshkent, 2021.-B 78-97.
2. Kakhramanov B.A., Isamukhamedov S.Sh, Kuldasheva F.H, Doniyrov S.T, Rakhimjanova N.Z. "Breeding indicators of Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica Pollm) and Carpathy (Apis mellifera carpatica) honey bees" E3S Web of Conferences 244, 02008 (2021) TPACEE-2021. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128403018 - P. 1-8.
3. Kakhramanov B.A., Isamukhamedov S.Sh, Safarova F.E., Donaev Kh.A., Mamadov F.Q. "Morphological features of the Carniolan (Apis mellifera carnica Pollm) and Carpathian (Apis mellifera carpatica) breeds of honey bees" E3S Web of Conferences 284, 03018 (2021) TPACEE-2021. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128403018 - R. 1-7.
4. Kakhramanov B.A., Isamukhamedov S.Sh., OrifjonovJ.R., Raimdjanova N.Z. "Continuous and terms of work performed in artifikal mother bees" Prospects for the introduction of innovative tehnologies in the development of agriculture. 2021. 05.07. https://jornals.e -science.uz/index.php/conferences/issue/view/31.
5. Kakhramanov B.A., Isamukhamedov S.Sh., Donayev Kh.A. "Effective methods of bee pest control" E3S Web of Conferences 381, 01012 (2023) AQUACULTURE 2022. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338101012. P. 1-8.
6. Kakhramanov B.A., Akmalkhanov T.Sh., Soatov U.R. "Influence of bee family care on honey productivity in hives of different constructions" E3S Web of Conferences 381, 01009 (2023) AQUACULTURE-2022. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338101009 - P. 1-6.
7. Orifjonov J.R., Kakhramanov B.A., Isamuxamedov S.Sh., Raximjanova N.Z., Chuleui Jung "The effects of hives structure on the establishment and productivity of carpathian honey bee (apis mellifera carpatia) in Uzbekistan". The 39 th Congress and international Symposium of Apicultural Society of Korea. Andong-2023.https://www.andong.ak.kr, RNAI:agroRNA@genolution 1.com, Sales@genolution 1.com - P. 27-34.
8. Kaxramanov B.A. "Morfometricheskie osobennosti pchel Krainskoy i Karpatskoy porod v Uzbekistane" J. Pchelovodstvo №6, 2023 god, 62-64 str beejournal@gmail.com
9. Kaxramanov B.A., Isamuxamedov S.Sh., Orifjonov J.R., Raximjonova N.Z. "Kraina (Apis mellifera carnica Pollm) va Karpat (Apis mellifera carpatica) asalari zotlaridan suniy usulda ona asalari yetishtirish ko'rsatkichlari". "Chorvachilik va naslchilik ishi". Toshkent-2021 y.№6. b.-45-48. chorvador@list.ru.
10. Kaxramanov B.A., Dosmuxamedova M.X., Bosimova M.I., "Asalari mumi va uning xususiyatlari" qishloq xo'jaligi va veterinariya fanlarining dolzarb masalalari № 1 (1)-2024.30-38 b. scienceproblems.uz@gmail.com
11. Kaxramanov B.A., Erdanova G.M., Bosimova M.I., "Asalari suti va uning xususiyatlari" International scientific journal science and innovation special issue: "transformation of education: the role of women in the development of science", february 16, 2024.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT, MODERN METHODS AND
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS" SEPTEMBER 26-27, 2024
12. Kaxramanov B.A., Bosimova M.I., Erdanova G.M., Donaev X.A. "Gulchangi va uning xususiyatlari". "Yoshlar huquqlari: imkoniyatlar va himoya qilish mexanizmlari" respublika ilmiy-amaliy anjumani 2024-yil 26-mart.
13. Kaxramanov B.A., Erdanova G.M., Bosimova M.I., Mamasharipova M. A., "Propolis va uning xususiyatlari" "Yoshlar huquqlari: imkoniyatlar va himoya qilish mexanizmlari" respublika ilmiy-amaliy anjumani 2024-yil 26-mart.
