3Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
RIMLAR VA RIMLARNING LINGVO-MADANIY ASPEKTLARI
Nargiza Istamovna Ibatova
O'qituvchi, Xorijiy tillar kafedrasi Buxoro muhandislik-texnologiya instituti
ANNOTATSIYA
Ma'lumki, tillar turli xil zamonaviy tilshunoslik bo'limlari tomonidan farqlanadi va o'rganiladi. Ular orasida so'zlarni turli tillarga tarjima qilish, shu orqali ularning ramziy va xarakterli ma'nosiga e'tibor berishda lingvokulturologiya eng yuqori o'rinda turadi. Demak, ushbu maqolada asosiy e'tibor ushbu tarmoqqa va uning ayrim so'zlardagi xususiyatlariga, masalan, bir necha tillardagi ramz va belgilarga, lug'atshunoslikka va ayrim misollar bilan to'liq tahlil qilishga qaratilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: leksikografiya, madaniyat, tushuncha, asoslari, formal almashtirish, madaniyatning xarakterli, vektorlar, o'lchovlar.
ABSTRACT
It is known that languages are distinguished and studied by various branches of modern linguistics. Among them, linguoculturology takes the highest place in translating words into different languages, thereby paying attention to their symbolic and characteristic meaning. Therefore, this article focuses on this network and its features in some words, such as symbols and signs in several languages, lexicography, and a full analysis with some examples.
Keywords: lexicography, concept and foundations of culture, formal substitution, characteristic vectors and dimensions of culture.
Dunyodagi barcha o'zgarishlar tilda aks etadi. Til va jamiyat bir butun bo'lib, bir-biriga bog'liq holda rivojlanmoqda. Bugungi kunda jahon leksikografiyasi lug'atlariga kiritilgan so'z nafaqat ma'nosi, balki madaniy xususiyatlari bilan ham ahamiyat kasb etadi. Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda bu holat lingvokulturologik xususiyatlar, ya'ni: "Lug'atlardagi so'zlarning lingvistikasi" deb ataladi [1]. Har bir so'z va tushunchaning mohiyatini tushunish uchun har bir so'z va tushunchaning mohiyatini tushunish kerak. Til va madaniyatni lingvistik nuqtai nazardan tadqiq qilishda dastlab nemis olimi V.Gumboldtning til ko'rinishlarini o'rganuvchi ta'limoti asos bo'ldi [2]. U tillarning o'ziga xosligi ularda madaniy so'zlarning mavjudligiga asoslanganligini isbotladi. Shunday qilib, lingvokulturologiya - bu tilshunoslik va madaniyatshunoslikning o'zaro ta'siri asosida namoyon bo'ladigan ilmiy fanning
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
ÇMrçMqdavjat^
murakkab sohasi. Ushbu maqola madaniyat va til o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni o'rganadi, shuningdek, tilni madaniy hodisa sifatida o'rganadi. Bu dunyoni ma'lum bir nuqtai nazardan madaniy ob'ektiv orqali, shuningdek, ma'lum bir xalqning ongi va madaniyati orqali kuzatishni ko'rsatadi. Shunday qilib, tillarda bitta so'z turli xil ma'nolarni anglatadi, bu holda bu ip foydali bo'ladi. Belgilar va belgilarning lingvomadaniy jihatlari ko'pincha tarjima va leksikografiyada namoyon bo'ladi. Bert Lignenning aytishicha, ko'pchilik so'zlar nafaqat turli narsalarni ramziy qiladi, balki madaniy ma'lumotlarni ham o'z ichiga oladi [3]. Masalan, "caw" ibodatning ramzi bo'lib, Hindistonda ona sifatida tavsiflanadi, ammo ingliz tilida bu so'z tabu hisoblanadi. Musulmonlar haqida gap ketganda, ular mol go'shtini iste'mol qilishni yaxshi ko'radilar va cho'chqa go'shtini islom uchun harom deb yomon ko'radilar. Shunday qilib, bunday belgilar bizga til va uning hududlari haqida ba'zi madaniy ma'lumotlarni beradi. Strasburg universiteti tadqiqotchisi Svetlana Pushkovaning so'zlariga ko'ra, frantsuz tilida "qo„y" faqat "le mouton" so'zi ishlatilsa, lekin ingliz tilida bir necha turdagi qo'ylarning turlicha nomlari bor va bu ham milliy qo'ylarga misol bo'la oladi va tilning madaniy o'ziga xosligi, chunki bunda y nomlar faqat ingliz tilida mavjud. Fransuz lug'atshunosi M. Kanani o'zining "Les information culles dans un dictionnaire bilingue d'apprentissage" maqolasida ma'lumotlar bir qator tarixiy-madaniy lug'atlarda berilganligini ta'kidlaydi [4]. Masalan, pishloqning tipik turi bo'lgan frantsuz Kamemberti, komediyachi Molyerning pyesalari, xo'rozning frantsuz tarixidagi voqealar haqidagi ma'lumotlar lug'atlarga qo'shilishi kerak, chunki lug'atlarga bunday so'zlarning kiritilishi leksikografiyaning samaradorligidan dalolat beradi. Bundan tashqari, til o'rganuvchilar nafaqat so'zlarni o'rganishadi, balki Frantsiya haqida ko'p narsalarni o'rganishadi va ma'lumotlarga kirishlari mumkin.
Belgining lingvistik va madaniy jihati eng milliy xususiyatga ega. Bunda ramz deganda til madaniyatining birligi, madaniyat ob'ekti tushuniladi, uning asosiy vazifasi jiddiy semantik siljishsiz rasmiy almashishdir. Til belgilarini o'rganishning ahamiyati ular madaniyatni ham, butun etnografiyani ham yashirishi mumkinligi bilan izohlanadi. Madaniy belgi sifatida til belgisi ortida ma'no emas, balki madaniyatning o'ziga xos vektorlari va o'lchovlariga ega bo'lgan madaniy mazmun yotishi muhimdir. Ramzlar orqali biz madaniyatning ichki qismini ochib berishimiz mumkin, ya'ni ongsiz sohada yashash va odamlarni yagona til va madaniy hamjamiyatga birlashtirish [5]. Rus tilidagi manbadan bir nechta misollar keltiramiz: olov (yong'in zonasi) - xavf belgisi (ikki olov orasidan olov va suv o'tishi), bir tomon - mustaqillik ramzi, ajralish (yonga, chetga o'ting, mening ishim). tomonidir), nuqta -muhimlik belgisi, asos (og'riq nuqtasi, boshlang'ich nuqtasi, nuqtai nazari, tayanch
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
nuqtasi), qadam - qisqa masofa, biror narsaga yaqinlik (bir qadam (nimadan), emas) belgisi. bitta qadam, har bir qadamda ikki qadam).
Slavyan mifologiyasida botqoqlik turg'unlik, parchalanish va o'limning ramzi bo'lib, u barcha kasalliklar va o'limni anglatadi. U bilan bog'liq jismoniy parchalanish dinamik boshlanishning yo'qligi, ruhiy jarayonlarning to'xtashi tufayli yuzaga keladigan ruhiy hodisaning timsoliga aylanadi. Bu landshaftning elementi bo'lib, unda ikkita faol jarayon - havo va olov va ikkita passiv - suv va tuproqning ortiqcha etishmasligi mavjud. Rus madaniyatiga ko'ra, botqoqning o'z egasi va qo'riqchi ruhi bor - botqoq, keng sarg'ish yuzli kulrang sochli chol. Aynan u botqoqdan o'tayotganlarni o'tkir tovushlar, xo'rsinish, baland ovoz bilan qo'rqitib, o'ziga ishongan holda va ehtiyotsizlik bilan botqoqqa tortadi.
Rus an'analarida ochiq, toza maydon xavfli, halokatli makondir. Bu dushman yoki tabiat bilan jang maydoni, himoyalanmagan, erkak. Madaniyat tarixchisi A.J. Toynbining so'zlariga ko'ra, ochiq joylar u erda yashovchi odamlar jamoasiga jiddiy muammo tug'diradi va omon qolish uchun maksimal kuch talab qiladi. Shuning uchun ko'chmanchi xalqlar sivilizatsiyani bunday miqyosda rivojlantirmaydi.
Xulosamiz shundan iboratki, lingvokulturalizma tillarni tushunish bilan bog'liq barcha muammolarni tarixiy tilshunoslik, tilni yaratish va dunyo tasviri orqali o'rganadi. Aytish mumkinki, bu kognitiv jarayon sohasi kabi savollarning manbai hisoblanadi.
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Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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