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Received: 23.07.2017 Authors information
Natalia A. Kasatkina - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
Irina A. Mingalisheva — Postgraduate, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia Fania M. Kodolova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: [email protected]
For citations: Kasatkina N.A., Mingalisheva I.A., Kodolova F.M., Peculiarities of stabilibty formation of performances in sports aerobics, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 38-43. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_233
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_234
EFFECTIVENESS INCREASE OF THE TRAINING PROCESS AMONG GIRLS, WHO GO IN FOR CALLISTHENICS
Elena V. Kvashnina - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor The Ural State University of Physical Culture Str. Ordzhonikidze, d. 1, Chelyabinsk, 454091, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. In order to master modern competitive programs in calisthenics each athlete should achieve not only necessary and sufficient level of technical mastery but also artistry and expression. The higher are the woman-gymnast's mastery, musical talent, culture of movements, the more opportunities she has to make movements expressive. Specialists express a consensus that the ability of female athletes to demonstrate virtuosity, create the image is very important and also define the compositions of the separate women-gymnasts, who demonstrate unique choreography during the World competitions. On the basis of "Calisthenics" federal standard, calisthenics programs study, the peculiarities of the training process, girls' age-related and psychological characteristics revelation, taking into account their sports qualification we created the methodology of classical dancing (choreography) means, dancing improvisation and acting technique use, directed at the competitive exercise fulfillment increase artistry and quality level by 10-11 year-old girls, who go in for calisthenics. Materials. The article is about the opportunities to estimate the level of artistry development among the female athletes using the following methodologies: artistry estimation according to calisthenics rules, using the scale, created by I.A. Viner-Usmanova (doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor of gymnastics theory and methodology department of the National State University of physical culture, sport and health named after P.F. Lesgaft, the president of All-Russian Calisthenics federation, the main trainer of the Russian team in calisthenics), and according to the methodology, offered by A.A. Chetvergova (candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor of calisthenics and water kinds of sport theory and methodology department of the Ural State University of Physical Culture). Research
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methods: scientific-methodical literature theoretical analysis and summarizing, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical analysis and statistics. Results. After the experiment valid differences according to all indices, which characterize the development level of artistry, in particular: "image ", "style ", "expressiveness", "imagination", and "improvisation", were revealed. At the same time, the results of a competitive exercise improved according to all kinds of exercises. Conclusion. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that classical dancing (choreography) means, dancing improvisation and acting technique use in the training process of women-gymnasts provides positive dynamics of artistry and expressiveness indices, which is seen in a valid results improvement in all competitive exercises.
Keywords: gymnastics, artistry, expressiveness, choreography, dancing improvisation, methodology.
Introduction. Modern calisthenics develops very quickly. The level of technical readiness was always the first, but recently more and more attention is paid to artistic training of women-gymnasts. In this connection, gymnastics now is called not a kind of sport, but an art. Each woman-gymnast is an actress during the performance and she plays her role fulfilling difficult technical elements with an object to music.
Modern rules demand not only a competitive exercise fulfillment at a high technical level. A woman-gymnast should show also a high level of artistry. It means correctly chosen image, which corresponds with music, character and temperament of a girl, her inner world and emotions [3; 4; 5].
In this connection, according to the opinion of most specialists [1; 2; 3; 9], it is necessary to include choreographic training into training women-gymnasts. However, it should be done not in a form of the classical lesson, the content of which is exercice near the ballet bar, exercice in the middle of the hall and jumps of different character, but also dancing combinations of different orientation: classical, folk, modern. Choreographic training should be one of the whole process parts of training women-gymnasts, but should be realized in the shortest possible time.
Term "choreography" means the art of creating a dance. It is image transfer by means of body movements and mimicry. That is why female gymnasts, who go in for choreography, have the ability to
transfer emotional states, different mood, feelings with the help of body movements, create a vivid and expressive image. That is why success in calisthenics is formed from harmony between difficulty, composition and performance. Moreover, taking into account the level of competition in modern calisthenics, this harmony should be perfect [7].
The aim of the research - to substantiate the effectiveness of artistry development methodology among 10-11 year-old girls, who go in for calisthenics.
The objectives of the research:
1 To study the peculiarities of artistry, expressiveness, emotionality demonstration and the expediency of their combination in calisthenics.
2 To reveal the level of artistry development among 10-11 year0old girls, who go in for calisthenics.
3 To determine the content of the means and methods, directed at female gymnasts' artistry development and estimate the effectiveness of their use.
Research methods and research organization. In order to solve the set objectives the following methods were used: scientific-methodical literature theoretical analysis and summarizing, testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.
The research was held on the basis of calisthenics sports school for children and teen-agers of the Olympic reserve "Harmony" in Chelyabinsk during the following period: since September, 2016
till May, 2017. 20 female athletes at the age of 10-11 took part I the research.
The level of artistry development among the sportsmen was held with the help of the following methodologies: artistry estimation according to calisthenics rules [6], using the scale, created by I.A. Viner-Usmanova (doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor of gymnastics theory and methodology department of the National State University of physical culture, sport and health named after P.F. Lesgaft, the president of All-Russian Calisthenics federation, the main trainer of the Russian team in calisthenics)[2, p. 42], and according to the methodology, offered by A.A. Chetvergova (candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor of calisthenics and water kinds of sport theory and methodology department of the Ural State
In the experimental group three times a week there were the training lessons, the content of which corresponded with a standard calisthenics program, two times a week- complex lessons, which included the following: classical dancing (choreography) - 40', training lesson, directed at the technique with the object development (jumping-rope, ball, hoola hoop, indian club) - 60' and dancing
University of Physical Culture) [8, c. 1924].
Research results and their discussion. The research works in the training process were held during the preparatory and competitive periods.
On the basis of artistry development authors' methodologies content study in calisthenics, girls' age-related and individual characteristics revelation, taking into account their sports qualification and the level of physical readiness we created the methodology of classical dancing (choreography) means, dancing improvisation and acting technique use, directed at the level of artistry and the quality of competitive exercise fulfillment increase by 10-11 year-old girls, who go in for calisthenics (table 1).
improvisation - 20'; and once a week - a lesson with acting technique teacher.
The effectiveness of created by us methodology of female gymnasts' artistry development was estimated on the basis of competitive activity results comparison (table 2). Competitions were held at the beginning (September, 2016) and at the end of (May, 2017) during the experiment.
Table 1 - The content of the training micro cycle
Days of the week Content of training
Monday Training lesson - 120'
Tuesday Training lesson: 1 Classical dancing (choreography) - 40' 2Training lesson, directed at the technique with an object improvement (jumping-rope, ball) - 60' 3 Dancing improvisation - 20'
Wednesday Training lesson - 120'
Thursday Training lesson: 1 Classical dancing (choreography) - 40' 2 Training lesson, directed at the technique with an object improvement (hoola hoop, indian clubs) - 60' 3 Dancing improvisation - 20'
Friday Training lesson - 120'
Saturday A lesson with acting technique teacher
Table 2 - The results of 10-11 year-old female gymnasts at town competitions during the experiment, points ____
Before the After the
Competitive exercise experiment (M±m) experiment (M±m) t P
Without an object 6,72±0,078 7,09±0,90 10,06 < 0,05
Jumping-rope 6,18±0,11 6,44±0,11 7,75 < 0,05
Hoola hoop 6,28±0,05 6,72±0,05 16,3 < 0,05
Indian clubs 6,07±0,06 6,46±0,083 8,91 < 0,05
Note:
M - arithmetic mean value;
m - standard error of arithmetic mean;
t - Student's t-test;
P - results validity
The results analysis, received after the held experiment, showed, that the mark for the exercise "without objects" improved for 5,2%, for the exercise with a jumping-rope - for 4,0%, with a hoola hoop - for 6,5% and with indian clubs - for 6,0%.
Determining the level of emotional motional expressiveness and
Table 3 - The level of artistry among points (methodology of I.A. Viner-Usmanova)
figurativeness, style and improvisation of the female gymnasts during the experiment, we received the following results (table 3,4).
Mark in points in the following tests held three people: a trainer, choreographer and acting technique teacher.
10-11 year old girls during the experiment,
Criteria of artistry The results of the experiment Normative
Before (M±m) After (M±m)
Image transfer in the greater part of the exercise - 7,26±0,63 9,0-7,0
Mimicry not always corresponds with the image, set by the character of music
Woodiness while fulfilling some movements
Episodic transfer of the image during the exercise fulfillment 4,2±0,04 - 6,9-4,0
Unnatural facial expression in some parts of the composition
Woodiness of movements in the separate combinations
Note: M - arithmetic mean value; m - standard error of arithmetic mean
Table 4 - The level of artistry among 10-11 year-old girls during the experiment, points (methodology of A. A. Chetvergova)____
Criteria of artistry The results of the experiment Maximum result (normative) t P
Before (M±m) After (M±m)
Image 1,3±,0,125 1,8±0,2 3 3,5 < 0,05
Style 1,3±0,125 1,73±0,15 3 1,7 < 0,05
Expressiveness 1,3±0,090 1,53±0,16 3 2,44 < 0,05
Imagination 1,2±0,10 1,53±0,16 3 2,64 < 0,05
Improvisation 1,4±0,13 1,73±0,18 3 2,09 < 0,05
Note: the same as in tab le 2
The results analysis after the experiment showed the increase of the following indices: "image" - 17%, "style" - 15%, "expressiveness" - 8%, "imagination" and "improvisation" -11% each.
Conclusion. Thus, classical dancing (choreography) means and methods, dancing improvisation and acting technique use in the training process of 10-11 year-old girls, who go in for calisthenics, provide positive dynamics of artistry and expressiveness indices, which is seen in a valid results improvement in all competitive exercises.
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Received: 29.08.2017 Authors information
Elena V. Kvashnina - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor The Ural State University of Physical Culture, Str. Ordzhonikidze, d. 1, Chelyabinsk, 454091, Russia, E-mail: Alenakvashnina@gmail. com
For citations: Kvashnina E.V. Effectiveness increase of the training process among girls, who go in for calisthenics, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 43-48. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_234
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_235
EFFECTIVENESS INCREASE MODEL OF BODY-BUILDING LESSONS
Svetlana N. Klyuchnikova - Associate Professor, Candidate of Pedagogics Vladimir V. Vavilov - Candidate of Pedagogics Anatoli I. Ushnikov -Associate Professor, Candidate of Pedagogics Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th Anniversary of V.I. Lenin'sBbirth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail:ld [email protected]
Annotation. The problem of health, mental and physical working capacity support by means of physical activity intensification demands the search for new directions in physical culture means use, which increase their effectiveness. 40-49 year-old men (second adulthood) form a considerable part of employable population of the country; on the level of their intellectual and physical activity, health indices, physical readiness depends the tempo of economic growth and social development. Functional, psycho-emotional state preservation and support is achieved by means of a purposeful physical activity volume increase and it conditions the necessity to choose an optimal for this age group kind of muscular activity. Scientific-methodical literature analysis proves the fact, that bodybuilding means provide effective solution of these objectives. Materials. Theoretical and methodical importance substantiation of body-building lessons effectiveness increase model creation among men of the second adulthood on the basis of its structural components revelation. Research methods: Scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis, progressive pedagogical experience of body-building specialists-trainers summarizing, pedagogical experiment, mathematical statistics methods. Results. The article presents the model of effectiveness increase of body-building lessons, which includes structural components, which determine the orientation of lessons, their content, demands to organization and realization; the aim, objectives, principles of education and training; physiological mechanism of body-building means influence; individual program of physical training; methodology of body-building lessons effectiveness increase, the conditions of high effectiveness achievement of the training process. Conclusion. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed the expediency and effectiveness of this model application, the use of which provides an integral approach to body-building lessons organization and realization; real goals and objectives setting, means use on the basis of physiological mechanism of their influence on an organism.
Keywords: body-building, model, methodology, pedagogical experiment.
