CC BY
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Waist-belt wrestling combines similar according to techniques and rules of judgment waist kinds of wrestling, which exist for hundred years in many countries of the world. Waist-belt wrestling development in Russia, in CIS countries and in the countries of Eurasian collaboration corresponds with the interests of international connections development, provides international and interreligious dialogue and peace in society.
References
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4. Kuznetsov A.S., Shulika Y.A. Theoretical basis and methodology of mastering waist-belt wrestling technique and tactics. Kazan: Povolzhskaya
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10. Kuznetsova Z., Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Khalikov G., Zakharova A., 2015. Athletes training based on a complex assessment of functional state. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 156-160 (Scopus).
Author's information:
Kuznetsov A.A. - Doctor, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University", 423806, Russia, Republic of Tatatrstan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizametdinov Str., House 28, e-mail: [email protected] Mulyukova I.V. - Municipal Autonomous Establishment of Additional Education "Sports school for children and teen-agers "Vityaz", 423822, Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Naberezhnochelninskiy Ave., House 23, e-mail: [email protected]
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-49-57
THE PECULIARITIES OF EXPRESSION MEANS USE IN FITNESS-AEROBICS
Mingalisheva I.A.1
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov, Russia, Ulyanovsk, [email protected]
Annotation. Owing to different motor dancing, gymnastic, acrobatic exercises with rhythm change, fulfilled to music in a group, fitness-aerobics became very popular among teen-agers and students. It is one of epy artistic kinds of sport. It has great opportunity for kinesiological potential, self-actualization, self-development and self-improvement revelation and realization. Different exercises integration creates conditions for the following things development: creative imagination,
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artistic-aesthetic imagination, the skills of musical-motor image creation. Material. The article is about the problem of expression means effective selection and use by qualified 15-18-year-old female gymnasts, considering their phenotypic and other individual characteristics, which helps to improve artistic impression and composition staginess, aesthetic content of music and movements, reveal inner world of an athlete. Research methods: scientific and methodical literature analysis, progressive pedagogical experience of the specialists in the sphere of fitness-aerobics summarizing, pedagogical experiment, observation, testing, evaluation criteria of expression mean creation, material statistical handling. Results. The methodology is created of different expression means selection and use, which provide vivid individual style of competitive program fulfillment formation, its staginess improvement, contact with the audience setting. The following things are revealed: an optimal succession of structural elements, uniformity of technically difficult exercises distribution, regularities of dynamic and static poses, gestures and mimicry use. Conclusion. During the pedagogical experiment efficiency of the offered methodology, which provides physical, technical and artistic readiness indices increase among qualified 15-18-year-old female athletes, was proved. Keywords: fitness-aerobics, expression means, methodology, evaluation criteria, pedagogical experiment.
For citations: Mingalisheva I.A. The peculiarities of expression means use in fitness-aerobics. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(3): 38-44. DOI 10.14526/20704798-2018-13-3-49-57.
INTRODUCTION
Different motor actions: dancing steps, turns, spinning, jumps, gymnastic and acrobatic elements form the content of fitness-aerobics. They have positive influence on an organism. A rational neuromuscular activity, regulated by physiological systems is very important. Purposeful fitness-aerobic lessons provide important functions of an organism realization, homeostasis support. They are an effective means of involving people into spiritual and material values of physical culture and sport. The effectiveness of the training and competitive activity is mainly conditioned by the degree of motivational sphere formation, sense of satisfaction with the lessons; the opportunities of self-realization. Motivational sphere development is determined by the degree of correspondence between the notions of fitness-aerobics, as an ideal kind of sports activity. Fitness-aerobics is one of artistic kinds of sport, where together with technical readiness we estimate expressiveness and artistry of movements, their proportion, rhythmicity and plasticity. These characteristics are conditioned by their aesthetic essence, inner and outer borders understanding. Their degree is conditioned by
creative imagination and aesthetic sensitivity formation. L.I. Lubysheva, 2003; L.D. Nazarenko, 2004, 2014, 2015; Z.M. Kuznetsova and others, 2016 consider that the leading motives, which increase interest in fitness-aerobics, readiness to fulfill further self-development are the following: the opportunity to achieve success in sports activity, increase own social status, reveal personal kinesiological potential. Beauty and perfection of movements, their gracefulness and spirituality, poses, gestures and mimicry expressiveness provide conditions for personal trajectory of creative activity creation. They are directed toward artistic-musical images formation. They reflect inner world of an individual [ 2, 8, 12].
The aim of his work is importance theoretical substantiation of effective artistry means selection skills formation in order to increase sports training level in fitness-aerobics.
Objectives: 1. To reveal the peculiarities of expression means use for training and competitive activity aims realization.
2. To create the methodology of expression means effective selection and
use in order to improve artistry of the performance.
MATERIALS AND MATHODS
Graceful plasticity of body, subconscious sense of forms and lines beauty in fitness-aerobics help to percept beauty in rhythm and muscular efforts movement. Sense of style, which demands dexterity, flexibility, balance, clear sense of space and time, is one of motor actions aesthetic value components. It provides artistic-musical image formation with the help of the separate movements: head turns, the upper and lower extremities swings, bends, swings, dancing steps.
High mastery makes each movement more economic, as its beauty realization, owing to creative imagination. Its lifts its technique till the level of own style as a vivid individuality demonstration. In this connection the skills formation of more effective expression means selection, which reflect phenotypic and other individual characteristics, is very important. The performances of the outstanding athletes are perfect because their movements are natural, logic, spiritualized by inner beauty.
Scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis, the materials of our own research works showed, that there are the following expression means in fitness-aerobic: background music, corresponding with the character of motor actions; exercises of choreography; dancing tacks from different steps of an optimal duration; highly artistic poses of different complexity in case of their necessary amount; an individual motor rhythm; static and dynamic bearing; deep conceptual content of gestures and mimicry, freedom and easiness of an individual's movements and others [ 1, 3, 6, 7, 11 and others ]. Great variety of expression means, their mastering during fitness-aerobics lessons provide movements improvisation skills formation during new competitive program composition creation. The following things are important for sportsmanship improvement: expression means, which emphasize a female athlete's individuality, her style, character peculiarities and musical
preferences, the level of her choreographic and dancing readiness. Pakhomova L.E., Klimova M.V., 2009 think that the effectiveness of movements expression means use is mainly determined by the formation level of differentiation skills of motor acts spatio-temporal and spatio-power parameters; a rational direction of movements on the ground choice; accuracy of musical and motor rhythm reproduction; body steadiness preservation after rotatory and other elements. A high level of these skills formation creates conditions for improvisation during dancing, gymnastic and acrobatic elements fulfillment; creative and intellectual potential realization during musical-aesthetic image creation. It underlines the idea that fitness-aerobics provides beauty in sport creation. It involves people into its spiritual values.
Individual choice of expression means should be realized during training activity, when a female athlete gets an opportunity to improvise while motor acts fulfillment together with different poses and dancing tracks; test different variants of motor and musical rhythm; master shades of gestures and mimicry meaning; stress impressive details of motor acts. The problem of individual expression means effective choice and use, causes the necessity to create special methodology, directed toward corresponding skills formation. The content of the methodology helps to reveal the following:
- phenotypic and other characteristics of those, who train;
- athletes' level of general physical, choreographic, musical and dancing readiness;
- the degree of motor and musical rhythm formation;
- the degree of gestures and mimicry culture mastering;
- the level of semantic content and aesthetic expressiveness of different poses understanding and etc.;
- the degree of each expression means correspondence with physical, technical, choreographic, musical and dancing readiness indices of those, who train.
RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
In order to solve the problem a complex of sports training methods was used: repetitive, variative, alternating, circular, game and competitive. Training lessons organization provided the following motor tasks fulfillment: dancing track; series of running steps, jumps, turns and swings using different expression means. The group of experts (5 people) revealed the degree of each expression means correspondence with the character of the athletes' motor actions. They took into account the level of sports, dancing, musical and choreographic readiness; height-weight indices; the ability to convey inner aesthetic content of the fulfilled element through the prism of own mood; accuracy of motor action form reproduction, its spatiotemporal and spatio-power parameters; beauty of body lines, the upper and lower extremities; tempo-rhythmic characteristics correspondence and others. Moreover, each female gymnast shares her own feelings while using this or that expression means: psychological-emotional state, the degree of satisfaction with this element fulfillment, desire to include it into own composition. The athletes were offered to realize own notion of the used expression means effectiveness. They changed initial and final position, body and head angle, the upper and lower extremities position and etc.
Also the following things were used: different ways of fulfillment, succession of expression means position in a composition, their distribution according to the separate parts of the program at the beginning and at the end of the performance. Great attention was paid to tempo and rhythm preservation during the direction of movements change. In fitness-aerobics dancing steps technical fulfillment is characterized by their structure, similar with natural movements during walking; beauty of body forms and lines, the upper and lower extremities preservation.
At training lessons female athletes tried to match each dancing step accent with the accent of musical tact, which proves formed individual rhythm of motor actions -
one of the most vivid expression means. A considerable index of the performance artistry is a high level of body steadiness, static and dynamic bearing preservation during fulfillment and after a difficult gymnastic or acrobatic element and also during the transfers between the tracks, series of jumps, rotations and etc..
With the tempo of the running and dancing steps increase among highly-qualified female athletes, according to I.V. Tarkhanov, E.A. Lukina, A.A. Shalmanov, 2011, there is the angle of knee joints bending decrease during the vertical fulfillment and during the double support. There is the amplitude of their extension increase. It improves staginess of movements. During dancing steps fulfillment with the back forward it is important to preserve their speed and rhythmical structure in order to improve their impressiveness.
In order to check the effectiveness of created by us methodology of expression means choice and use skills formation, artistry of performance improvement a pedagogical experiment was held. 28 qualified (the Ist category and Candidate Master of Sports) 1518 year-old female athletes took part in the experiment. The control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) were organized, each group included 14 people. Before the pedagogical experiment a test was held in order to reveal the initial level of their physical, technical and artistic readiness.
The level of physical readiness was estimated during special control exercises fulfillment: 100 meters running (sec); 2000 meters cross (min), standing long-jump (cm); body lifting and lowering from dorsal position (quantity); dip up in dorsal position (quantity); forward body bending at a gymnastic bench (cm).
The level of technical readiness was revealed according to body lines, the upper and lower extremities height, amplitude, accuracy; freedom and easiness of movements, different directions of movement along the ground use.
Evaluation criteria:
5 points -an optimal height and amplitude of motor actions; body lines accuracy; freedom and easiness of movements, not all directions of movements use;
4 points - sufficient height and amplitude of elements fulfillment, body lines beauty; freedom and easiness of movements; the main directions of movements along the ground use;
3 points - height and amplitude of movements owing to excessive muscular tension; not constant body lines accuracy preservation; restricted use of movement direction;
2 points - insufficiently formed static and dynamic bearing, no easiness and freedom of movements, restricted height and amplitude of motor actions;
1 point - uncertain movement along the ground; insufficient height and amplitude of movements; no accurate body lines.
The level of artistry was estimated according to 5-point system using the following criteria: static and dynamic bearing preservation; musical and motor rhythm correspondence; originality and
expressiveness of movements. For the research results objectivity the following evaluation criteria were created:
5 points - an ideal static and dynamic bearing during the exercises on the floor, in the pit, in airborne position fulfillment; a high level of musical and motor rhythm correspondence; body lines, the upper and lower extremities, head turns beauty; irregularity and gracefulness of symmetric and asymmetric poses, mimicry and gestures expressiveness;
4 points - a rational static and dynamic bearing in simple and difficult motor acts; the character of mimicry and movements correspondence; plasticity, freedom and easiness of movements; emotionality and staginess of motor actions; feelings transmission in each motor act;
3 points - static and dynamic bearing preservation; melody correspondence with the structural content of motor actions; some muscular tension during technically difficult
highly-coordinating elements fulfillment; insignificant pauses during the part of composition change;
2 points - episodic deviations from correct dynamic bearing; not complete correspondence of musical and motor rhythms; pauses before difficult gymnastic and acrobatic elements fulfillment; restricted quantity of the used expression means;
1 point - frequent violation of static and dynamic bearing; not complete musical and motor rhythm correspondence; pauses before and after technically difficult motor acts fulfillment, inability to convey own mood.
In the CG training lessons were held according to generally adopted methodology in accordance with the program of sports training among those, who go in for fitness-aerobics, for the period since 2013 till 2018, adopted by aerobics federation of the Russian Federation. In the EG lessons were held using created by us methodology. After the pedagogical experiment one more physical, technical and artistic readiness test was held among the female athletes from the CG and the EG.
The research results analysis showed that the indices improved in both groups: CG and EG, with obvious predominance of EG athletes. In the CG with the initial results in 100 meters running 15,5±0,41 sec, to the end of the pedagogical experiment results improved till 15,3±0,29 sec, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial indices 15,6±0,48 sec the results increased after the pedagogical experiment till 15,1±0,36 sec, (p>0,05); in the CG with the initial results in standing longjump, characterizing level of speed-power qualities development, 192,6±9,8 cm, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices improved till 198,3±11,4 cm (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 191,1±8,9 cm, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased till 207,7±10,2 cm, (p<0,05). The same tendency of more considerable physical readiness indices improvement among female athletes from the EG was revealed according to other tests.
Dynamics of technical readiness indices turned out to be the following: in the CG with the initial results in jumps height and the amplitude of motor actions 3,81±0,16 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices improved till 3,92±0,18 points, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results of the considered index 3,79±0,14 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment results increased till 4,4±2,02 points, (p<0,05). In the CG with the initial results of body lines accuracy 3,76±0,29 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices improved till 3,89±0,26 points, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 3,78±0,21 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results increased till 4,60±0,24 points, (p<0,05). The same dynamics of more considerable studied indices improvement in the EG was revealed according to other control tasks, which characterize technique of movements: freedom and easiness of motor actions, different directions of movement along the ground use.
Female athletes in the CG and the EG also had not similar dynamics of artistic readiness indices. In the CG with the initial results of a rational static and dynamic bearing preservation 3,79±0,28 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices increased till 3,96±0,19 points, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 3,86±0,27 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results improved till 4,31±0,22 points, (p<0,05). In the CG with the initial results of musical and motor rhythm correspondence 3,95±0,25 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment indices increased till 4,01±0,19 points, (p<0,05); in the EG with the initial results 3,96±0,18 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment results increased till 4,40±0,23 points, (p<0,05). The same dynamics of more considerable results improvement in the EG was revealed according to other indices of artistic readiness.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed that from a great amount
of expression means, used in fitness-aerobics, it is necessary to choose the means, which most of all correspond with individual characteristics of each female athlete, level of her physical and technical readiness, general, musical and motor culture. Such kind of an approach improves qualified female gymnasts' performances staginess, their self-confidence, provides stability and reliability of competitive activity improvement.
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Mingalisheva I.A. - Postgraduate, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov, ", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: [email protected]
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-57-65
MOTIVATIONAL SPHERE AND MEMORY IMPROVEMENT AS STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS A BOXER'S MOTOR SKILLS AFFERENT SYNTHESIS
Osipov D.A.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia, Ulyanovsk,
Annotation. Qualitative fulfillment of techniques in boxing has systematic character, which is conditioned by consistency in motor activity and vegetative functions. Such an important element of nervous system, as afferent (or analyzer) component, takes part in afferent synthesis of motor acts, which is realized during interaction between motivation, motor memory, setting and start-up information, as it was set by academic P.K. Anokhin, 1980. It determines the necessity to reveal the role of motivation and motor memory in a boxer's sports achievements. Materials. The article
