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DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-89-93
Connection between sports traumatism structure and sports qualification
level in calisthenics
Olga V. Morozova1, Nina A. Zinchuk1, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev2*, Aleksey V.
Kashirsky2
1Astrakhan State University Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-7354-738X, ov-fomina@yandex.ru ORCID: 0000-0001-5837-9912, niva-zinchuk@mail.ru 2Astrakhan State Medical University Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-9446-103X, aleksandr.doroncev@rambler.ru* ORCID: 0000-0001-8685-4952, kmn2001@mail.ru
Abstract: On the basis of sports traumas complex study among those, who go in for gymnastics, we revealed different injuries, conditioned by the level of sports qualification. We examined 247 gymnasts of different qualification (from mass categories to masters of sport) on the basis of a regional physical-medical dispensary and Astrakhan State Medical University within the following period: 2008-2018. The indices of general physical and special physical readiness level, anthropometric indices, physical study results and functional tests were estimated. Materials. Material of the research was presented by the official information concerning the first medical aid appealability at gymnastics sports school of the Olympic reserve named after L.A. Tikhomirovaro The reports of judging teams about the competitions results, qualification results of the female athletes and the results of the annual medical check-up were presented. Research methods. In order to define the frequency of locomotor apparatus traumas depending on the level of qualification we revealed the indices of the formed time ranges, their analysis was realized with the help of the application package (Statistica 10,0; the USA). The validity of differences was estimated according to Student's test. The differences were valid in case p<0,05. Results. The dynamics of traumatism study during the period 2008-2018 showed that there was the tendency of sports injuries increase with sports qualification improvement. It is interesting to note sports injuries increase during the period of the female athletes (15-16 years old) intensive growth. Conclusion. On the basis of the received results we come to the conclusion that the existing tendency of sports traumatism increase among female gymnasts of high qualification proves insufficient personification and structurization of the trainings. Keywords: calisthenics, the level of sports qualification, sports traumatism.
For citation: Olga V. Morozova, Nina A. Zinchuk, Aleksandr V. Dorontsev*, Aleksey V. Kashirsky. Connection between sports traumatism structure and sports qualification level in calisthenics. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2019; 14(1): 77-80. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-89-93
Introduction
In the structure of sports traumatism there are different in difficulty and kind traumas. They are typical for this or that kinds of sport [2]. The problem of traumatism in elite sport is very important not only in the sphere of medicine, but also in social and economic spheres [7]. A high level of elements difficulty and dynamic character of compositions in calisthenics claims special demands on physical and psychological readiness of female gymnasts
[1,3,13,14]. Great volume of difficult for coordination elements in each structural group typical for the definite things, demands systematized physical load [8,9,15]. Sports traumatism study reveals system mistakes in the structure of educational-training lessons and adequacy of physical loads [4,16,17]. The scientists mention that the typical dynamism and high emotional tension during sports competitions in calisthenics place great demands on locomotor apparatus and cardiorespiratory system [6,10,11,18].
Energy reserves depletion, competitive stress-factor can become the reason for regulatory-adaptive mechanisms disorder and capsular-ligamentous apparatus traumas [5,i2].In this connection we held the research of sports traumatism among those, who go in for calisthenics. We took into account the level of their qualification.
The aim of the research is to define the frequency and structure of sports injuries among people, who go in for calisthenics, taking into account age and sports qualification.
An objective: to define prognostic model of sports traumatism for the work programs of calisthenics training lessons improvement
Materials and Research Methods
During the research (2008-2018) we analyzed sports traumatism among 247 girls. They go in for calisthenics. They have different sports qualification. During the research we analyzed the following: the dynamics and the structure of sports traumas in accordance with the level of qualification indices, the results of yearly cycles of training, results of annual medical check-up.
Statistical analysis was realized with the help of the application package (Statistica 10,0), the USA. The research was held on the basis of Astrakhan Regional physical-health-improving dispensary and Astrakhan State Medical University.
Results and Discussion
A long-term dynamics of sports traumatism study among girls, who go in for calisthenics, showed that during 10 years there were stable and increasing, different in structure sports traumas among them. In terms of qualification indices improvement the structure and dynamics of locomotor apparatus traumas also changed. Typical traumas among the female gymnasts of the 3-2 categories were the following: superficial injuries, bruises, sore spots - 83,5%, capsular-ligamentous apparatus strain - 16,7%. Among the 1st category athletes the following traumas prevailed: superficial injuries -69,3%, increased number of strains and capsular-ligamentous apparatus over-tension - 23,2 %, bones fractures - 8,3%. Candidate masters of sport (CMS) and masters of sport (MS) had the following results:
superficial injuries - 62,0%, strains and capsular-ligamentous apparatus over-tension- 18,2%, joints dislocations - 10,1%, bones fractures - 9,6%. In the structure of sports traumas and their localization all athletes had peripheral divisions of extremities injuries, ankle and foot injuries prevailed among the 1st category athletes- 77,9%, candidate masters of sport- 79,7% and masters of sport - 78,8%, pain syndrome of vertebral area was mainly among candidate masters of sport - 67,7% and masters of sport - 69,1%, less distinct pain syndrome of this localization was among the 1st category athletes -12,3%. It wasn't revealed among the 3rd and 2nd category athletes. Wrist and hand traumas were mainly among the 1st category athletes and candidate masters of sport, 40,3% and 33,1%. Masters of sport had the following percentage of this trauma - 17,1%, maximum values were revealed among the female athletes of the 3rd and the 2nd categories - 9,5%. During the dynamics of sports traumatism study among female gymnasts of all qualifications it was stated that the maximum level of injuries during the competitive period was during the last month of the period (r - 0,601; p<0,05).
Using autocorrelated analysis we defined that in case of sports qualification increase there is a considerable increase of sports traumatism increase (r - 0,751; p <0,05). The results of the received traumas comparison among the female athletes of mass categories and highly-qualified gymnasts prove that the following traumas prevail: joints injuries and vertebral area injuries (r - 0,631; p <0,05). It should be noted that the greatest traumatism was in extremities peripheral divisions among the female athletes during the period of intensive growth - 1516 years old. They corresponded with qualification indices increase till master of sport level.
Conclusion
On the basis of the received results we come to the conclusion that sports qualification level increase is characterized by a steady tendency of sports traumatism increase. The presented model of sports injuries risk depending on qualification level can be used during individual programs of training creation. On the basis of the revealed regularities it is possible to create personified algorithms of mastering difficult in coordination exercises and
joins and the elements with a high risk of injuries high amplitude; exercises, which have difficult in peripheral divisions of extremities and vertebral for coordination elements; interaction in-group area. Special attention should be paid to the female exercises, the fulfillment of which demands athletes during the period of their intensive growth. thorough control of spatial characteristics. In terms of qualitative changes in anthropometric data it is necessary to correct the exercises with a
Table 1 - Traumatism structure depending on the qualification of the female athletes (the average indices
within the following period: 2008-2018)
Places of injuries Without a category % The 3rd -2nd category % The 1st category % CMS % MS % TOTAL %
Ankle joint and foot 1,1 10,8 22,7 31,9 33,5 100
Knee-joint - 4,3 15,7 33,9 47,1 100
Vertebral area - 5,3 22,3 34,3 39,1 100
Wrists and a hand 1,8 12,9 28,3 28,3 29,7 100
Elbow joint 1,5 19,1 24,9 27,5 27,0 100
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Submitted: 15.02.2019
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Author's information:
Olga V. Morozova - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414028, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishchev str., House 31/17, e-mail: ov-fomina@yandex.ru
Nina A. Zinchuk - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State University, 414028, Russia, Astrakhan, Tatishchev str., House 31/17, e-mail: niva-zinchuk@mail.ru
Aleksandr V. Dorontsev* - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: aleksandr.doroncev@ rambler.ru*
Aleksey V. Kashirskiy - Student, Astrakhan State Medical University, 414000, Russia, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., House 121, e-mail: kmn2001@mail.ru
