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4AZ9RBAYCAN DiLiND9 PREFiKSL9RL9 SOZYARATMA PRiNSiPi
S9MIN9 SABIR QIZI ABDULLAYEVA
Pedaqogika uzra falsafa doktoru, ba§ muallim Azarbaycan Dovlat Pedaqoji Universiteti Baki, Azarbaycan
Xulasa: Azarbaycan dili aqlutinativ qurulu§lu oldugu ugun sozyaratma ila dlaqddar olan tadqiqatlarda bir qayda olaraq morfoloji sozyaratma usullarina daha gox ustunluk verilir. Eyni zamanda murakkab sozlarin yaranmasi usullari da muayyan daracada ara§dirilmi§ olsa da prefiksal derivasiya prosesinin tadqiqi va tahlili diqqatdan kanarda qalir. Aqlutinativ dillardan biri kimi Azarbaycan dilinda isa genetik prefiksla^ma prosesi zangin inki§af yolu kegmami§ va oz izlarini muayyan daracada gizlin saxlami^dir. Dil numunalarinin atrafli tahlili gostarir ki, bu cur prefiksal elementlar Azarbaycan dilinda xeyli miqdardadir.
Agar sozlw. prefiks, informasiya, morfem, tafakkur, mana
THE PRINCIPLE OF WORD FORMATION WITH PREFIXES IN THE AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE
Summary: Since the Azerbaijani language has an agglutinative structure, word-formation studies usually give preference to morphological methods of word formation. At the same time, although the ways of forming compound words have been studied to some extent, little attention is paid to the study and analysis of the process of prefix formation. As one of the agglutinative languages, the process of genetic prefixation in Azeri did not develop richly and kept its traces somewhat hidden. A detailed analysis of language patterns shows that there are many such prefix elements in the Azerbaijani language.
Key words: prefix, information, morpheme, thinking, meaning
ПРИНЦИП СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ С ПРЕФИКСАМИ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Резюме: Поскольку азербайджанский язык имеет агглютинативнуюструктуру, в словообразовательных исследованиях обычно предпочтение отдается морфологическим методам словообразования. В то же время, хотя способы образования сложных слов в той или иной степени изучены, мало внимания уделяется изучению и анализу процесса префиксообразования. Как один из агглютинативных языков, процесс генетической префиксации в азербайджанском языке не развивался богато и держал свои следы в какой-то степени скрытыми. Детальный анализ языковых образцов показывает, что таких приставочных элементов в азербайджанском языке много.
Ключевые слова: префикс, информация, морфем, мышление, значение
Introduction
Whatever is evident in language is related to the information process by which we understand each other. What is obvious in language is much more hidden than that. But there is no secret that does not have some trace of it in the open. The way to reveal the hidden lies within the visible traces. There are many secrets in the Azerbaijani language whose traces are obvious. One of them consists of the word formation process that occurs through prefixes. It should be said that the method of word formation by means of prefixal elements existed in the oldest derivation process of languages and this phenomenon developed and improved step by step. The possibilities of word formation of prefixal elements appeared when it was impossible to think about the formation of
suffixal elements at that stage. The truth is that the expression of new concepts could not be impossible in the stage of non-formation of languages..
Scientific innovation
The need of the language to express new information came from within itself. At the initial stage, this process was regulated by homonymization. That is, the same root morpheme syncretically combines several meanings. This has become a universal phenomenon that exists in all languages. The indicators of the elements of that process in the examples of the Azerbaijani language are that the first one is characterized by the differentiation of the concepts of objects and actions in the cognitive process, and the second one is characterized by the emergence of abstract thinking. In the cognitive process, with the differentiation of the concepts of object and action, the process of expressing the meanings of separate parts of speech took place within the same root, where the words are differentiated from each other by tonality. The parts of speech of nouns are expressed in a normal tone, and the parts of speech of verbs are expressed in a strong tone. For example, horse animal), a/t (throw), louse (insect), bi/t (plant), dog (animal), i/t (lose), tut (fruit), tu/t (catch), hair (hair) sa/9 (to scatter, spread) etc.
In this process, it continued in the later stages, leaving its traces even in the words of the correction type (vuru§-vuru/sh, mash-gari/sh, vurma-vu/rma, digza-ga/zma, durum-duru/m, kurum-guru/ m) kept. Since homonymization is characteristic of the period of non-suffixing of languages, its signs are observed in all languages of the world as a universal phenomenon. Since the stage of homonymization cannot fully cover the new concepts that occur in the information process, the language forms new tools for itself from within. Since the expanding information does not fit into one word frame, a new, analytical type word plus word model begins to form. In the stage of non-imagery, this model also had a universal character like homonymization. In the process of word creation, the analytical model has also continued its traditions such as homonymization. Since the analytic-inflectional languages did not create a series of end-formative elements during the suffixation stage of languages, the word plus word model in those languages was further developed and independent words later turned into prefixal elements and changed from syntactic word formation to morphological word formation rule. So, for example, prefixal elements belonging to analytic-inflectional languages have expanded their working environment and even become functional as an international word-building tool [10, 152 p.; 11, 488 p.; 16, 72 pp.]. For example, anti-composition of Greek origin has its independent meaning in the concept of contradiction (antimoral-immoral, anti-scientific-contrary to science; antipod-contradictory, antiparty-contrary to the party), agro-composition of Greek origin in the concept of land, place, field (agrobiology-biological laws in agriculture agronomy-farming and agricultural science); de- of Latin origin keeps the particle of separation, separation, change (dismantling-dismantling, dispersal; denaturation-changing nature, delimitation- division of boundaries).
Thus, it is clear that the processing of the first components in units of this type analyzed under the name of incomplete repetition or double word is not without reason and they are not random. In the process of meeting the language's need for word creation, those elements were formed from the inside and served to convey new meanings. The first component of the prefix word-formation elements ends with the elements p, r, m, s, n, t, as shown in the existing studies. There are different opinions and considerations about the occurrence of these elements. The point is that those elements do not consist of the associative variant of any element in the second component of the word. It is precisely because there is no corresponding similar element in the second composition that different opinions are expressed regarding their development. For example, the last element of the first composition is not observed in the second composition in any of the words such as yor-yondam, yop-yorgun, yer-eymish, greenish, sapsari. The main reason for this is that the last element of the first component of the word is intensified and normalized according to the principle of simplification in the language. The process of formation of words by means of prefixal elements certainly did not happen suddenly. It can be said that this process is formed from time to time, as it takes place to satisfy the needs that have arisen for new meanings. In this case, since the principle of
ОФ "Международный научно-исследовательский центр "Endless Light in Science"
speech facilitation in the elements belonging to the earliest stage caused a difference in their structure, those components could not maintain their independence. However, the original traces did not disappear and continued to remain hidden within the word. For example, since the first component of words such as 6yc6yTyH, yupyumru, yupyumushak, yoryomandem was actually formed on the basis of the second component, they should have been in the form of but-butun, yum-yumru, yum-mushak, yoryomandam. However, the requirements of the principle of facilitating the speech process caused structural changes in the first parties. The development of the end-formation process of the Azerbaijani language has created a change even in the monosyllabic root part of the second component of such words. That is why, for example, but- in the word busbut, yum in the word yumyum§ak, as well as hoy- in the word hor-hoyu§ and sum- in the word sursumuk do not retain their independent meanings.
These include bombosh, yopyorgun, gipgirde, apaqig, bappalaca, sopsoyug, dopdolu, haphamar, yamyasti, greenyash, apag, sapsari, kipkirmiz, gomgoy, timtik, dumduz, tumtursh, gosgoca, kisggivrag, dosdogrug, chimchiy, dumduru, tertamiz, lumlut, examples such as dumduz, epayri, korobud, cher-chop, sursumuk, zir-zibil, tor-toktuntu, dor-dosek, ber-bazak can be given as examples.
But these traditions exist in the language and show their presence in the corresponding structural forms. Many of them are composed of compound words formed by repeating the same and close or opposite words (good-good, often, hot-hot; occasionally, thin-steady, ala-bula, pain-pain, ala-tala; good -yaman, good-bad, late-soon, ups and downs), from compound words connected with interfix type elements (foot-bound, eyeless, day-black, head-to-head, so-and-so, broke-and-ran) from compounds with epithets (mouthy, smiling, bitter-tongued, sweet-tongued, cold-blooded) and also consists of language units containing double words. Some studies have been conducted on these types of words in the analytic word formation process in studies related to complex words and syntactic word formation problems. However, it is also necessary to admit that the process of analytical word formation in Azerbaijani linguistics has not yet been analyzed in a systematic way. In the studies conducted on words with complex structure, as a rule, more independent meaning components were mentioned as analysis material. One type of them consists of double words, which have been studied in Turkology and Azerbaijani linguistics as linguistic units arranged in a complex way [1; 2; 3, 6, 168 p.; 7, 24 p.; 8, 144 p.; 9, pp. 216-223; 12, 161 p.; 13, 24 pp.; 14, 39 p. ].
In the Azerbaijani language, some international word-formation tools can also be added to the beginning of native language words and borrowings of Arabic and Persian origin: agroassociation, agro-climate, agro-forest, agro-school, agro-city, anti-art, anti-crisis, anti-world, aerogizek, aero-sled, aero-train, aero-sepin, aero-image, aero-flight and etc.
The genetic nature of prefixal elements in the Azerbaijani language continues its traces in the modern language. So, in the formation of some complex words, words with independent meaning can act as a prefix: with the word tay: taybunuz, taydayishik, taygoz, tayganad, taygapak, taygapi, taygich, taygulak, taybunuz, taygulp; with the word az-: low-sounding, low-income, low-income, low-cost, low-cost; with the word hungry: hungry, azyalavac, hungry, hungry, hungry; heavy- with the word: heavy-legged, heavy-bodied, heavy-tempered, heavy-hearted, heavy-laden, etc.
Result
As the prefixal elements specific to the Azerbaijani language are intensified like the suffixes, they are mainly used in the same word structure or in a limited framework.
This type of derivation examples, which are characterized as an analytical word formation method in Azerbaijani language, are certainly not the effect of the word-correcting elements of analytical-inflectional languages, but are the traditional continuation of the process that existed in the genetic nature of the language. As the intensity of information in the modern Azerbaijani language increases, this method of the speech process will also become the guarantor of the improvement of the vocabulary of the language due to internal sources.
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