CC BY
1
Ostonov U. Ya. independent researcher SamlES
A TERM IS A SPECIFIC PURPOSE LANGUAGE
Annotation. The article talks about the established position of terminology as a science interms of terms related to the field of tourism, and the concept of "terminology" means a setof terms related to a specific field of knowledge, unlike its meaning in other foreignscientific sources and educational publications.
Key words: Terminology, terminosphere, terminosistem, problems of synonymy andpolysemy, hybrid terms and pure terms.
Introduction. The term has a generalizing character and summarizes the definitions of the essence of the term proposed by leading researchers in different years and terms acquire their uniqueness as a single-meaning word belonging to a separate lexical group that arises in the scientific-practical activities of persons with certain scientific and professional knowledge, and is directly used by them, as well as the use of a terminological unit in a specific situation increases the effectiveness of professional communication and communicative capabilities of specialists, their creates an atmosphere of mutual understanding.
Literature analysis on the subject: In the initial period of the history of terminology, which lasted until the early 1960s, a number of basic concepts such as "terminosystem" (D.S. Lotte), "terminological field" (L.A. Kapanadze) were formed. For example, as D. Sageder noted: "Rapid development and development of technologies required not only the naming of new concepts, but also agreement on the use of terms. Practical result terminological work began to be organized within certain specialized fields (specialties)".
A.V. Superanskaya defines it as follows: "The term is a special word adopted in a certain professional activity and used in certain fields and conditions. A term is a concept included in the system of concepts of a certain field of professional knowledge, which is expressed in words. A term is a basic conceptual element of a special-purpose language. Within its terminological field, the term is used in one sense. The same pronounced terms of different fields are homonyms. For its correct understanding, the term requires a special definition (exact scientific definition)".
Research methodology. Linguistic description, comparative-typological (comparative), semantic-methodical, diachronic, synchronic, component analysis, statistical analysis, lexical-syntactic, lexical-semantic methods were used in the article.
Analysis and results. In 1969, at the scientific symposium held at the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, the concept of terminology was officially recognized and put into use. As a result, the position
of terminology as a science was determined, and the scope of the concept of "terminology" was limited, and it began to mean a set of terms related to a specific field of knowledge, unlike its meaning in other foreign scientific sources, educational publications. In some foreign scientific sources and educational literature, "terminology" is used as a branch of science or there are debates about the status of terminology as a separate scientific discipline. Terminology is a science focused on the study of lexical elements - terms, which are modified from elements existing in other fields, used in specialized fields and arise in such fields. Terminology involves the compilation, description and re-creation of terms. Some authors make a distinction between terminology and terminography (like the distinction between lexicology and lexicography). Terminography in this case means the art of creating "terminologies" and "special dictionaries". Thus, according to the authors' point of view, terminology includes a theoretical component and the result of the combination of terminological theory and practice (specialized dictionaries). Terminology is an independent field, with a special theory and methodology of a special vocabulary of the language.
Diversity in the understanding of terminology (in Russian linguistics) exists in foreign language science as well as in Uzbek linguistics. D.Sageder writes about the difference of views on the essence of terminology: The views on terminology as a scientific discipline are quite diverse. Currently, there are different interpretations of this field and a number of controversial issues related to it. Is terminology a science or just a method? Does terminology have the status of a separate humanities with its own theory, or should it be grateful for its theoretical possibilities to relatively consolidated disciplines, a theoretically stable body of science? The importance of the science of terminology cannot be underestimated. It should be viewed as a historically significant force due to its evolution and forward movement in the rapidly changing world of modern technology.
A detailed review of the works of Anglo-American researchers devoted to terms and terminology is covered in the study of V.V. Kasyanov. According to the author, the statements about the uniformity of the points of view in the works of these scientists require an explanation; A deeper study and analysis of the theoretical and practical materials of Anglo-American linguists reveals theoretical differences in their interpretations regarding the uniqueness of terms and their difference from the common dictionary.
The conclusions of V.V. Kasyanov were confirmed in a recent study by a representative of Slovak linguistics: Kabre and Kageura studies on terminology have a clearly focused goal, which can serve as a foundation for the methodology of this field, giving it the status of an independent science. is to determine the characteristics that serve as the basis from the theoretical point of view.
S.D. Shelov analyzed the definitions of V.P.Danilenko, K.Ya.Averbukh, V.M.Leychik and other experts aimed at revealing the essence of the term and offered a generalized definition of the term. According to this definition, "if a
language symbol (word combination, compound word, word combination with separate symbols, etc.) expresses a concept related to some field of knowledge, at the same time, those who use this language symbol have a definition (explanation, explanation) consciously chosen., it is considered a term". Many researches have been conducted on the issues of "term" and "terminology", which have been used since the beginning, and various definitions have been given. The lexeme "term" comes from the Latin word "terminus" and means "end", "limit", "boundary", "end". According to P. Nishonov, "a term is a word or a word combination according to its structure, it is a lexical unit that is semantically limited to the scope of a special field and expresses the concept related to this field". A term is a word that is unconditionally (compulsorily) related (comparable) to a certain unit in the system of specific logical concepts. Defining the term as an object of linguistics and its systematic study motivated the formation of explanations (definitions) of the concept of "term", the description of the term, the development of solutions to problems related to it, and finally, the emergence of the science of terminology. The term took a firm place in the system of lexical-grammatical concepts and became a "full-fledged member" of the lexical-semantic system of the language.
According to A. Reformatsky, the term is not "just a word", but it is an "unusual" or "new word", even if it can be "rationalized" and even "invented", it is first of all a word. Professor S. Usmonov's researches are of great importance for terminology, and the term "...any innovations in the field of production tools, as well as in the field of culture and science, are first expressed through language units, or rather, terms. In this sense, terminology (a set of terms in a certain language) is a witness, a mirror of modern history", defines. In our opinion, the term, according to its linguistic nature, is an integral part of the vocabulary system of the literary language, and differs from other categories of words by its clear, concise expression of scientific, technical or other professional concepts and its wealth of information.
The definition proposed by S.D. Shelov, in our opinion, is relevant according to the following principles:
a) has a generalizing character and summarizes the definitions of the essence of the term proposed by leading researchers in different years;
b) the terms become unique as a single-meaning word belonging to a separate lexical group that arises in the scientific-practical activities of persons with certain scientific and professional knowledge and is directly used by them;
c) the use of the terminological unit in a specific situation increases the effectiveness of professional communication and communicative capabilities of specialists, and creates an environment for their correct understanding of each other.
As N.V. Serbinovskaya noted, "the term is associated with other related (similar) phenomena - nomen, professionalisms, terminoids, etc. differs from". In the work of R. Doniyorov, "The difference between the term and professionalisms
is that the term is the expression and name of a concept that is official and legalized in a specific science, industrial field, agriculture, technology. "Professionalism is a semi-official word that is widely used in the language of a profession, specialty, in many cases in a scientific style, and does not have a strict, scientific description of the concept".
Today, concepts such as terminology and terminosphere, which are related to terms and terminology, are often used in linguistics. In this sense, "in the absence of a universally accepted definition, each researcher writes his own definition and interpretation of the "worker".
Linguistics, which is the main factor behind the emergence of the concept of "terminosphere" according to linguistic terminology, is a dynamic, self-renewing and continuously developing science, like any other science. Accordingly, the system of scientific concepts is in the stage of continuous development and change in order to be able to perfectly, accurately and objectively assess the level of human knowledge. The change of the system of scientific concepts of any developing science and acquisition of a special meaning was emphasized by V.I. Siforov in 1974.
At the current stage of the development of terminology, the same trend is observed in relation to the linguistic concept of "terminosphere". The unanimous definition or interpretation of this concept is not covered in the following dictionaries and dictionary-references of world linguists: "Slovar lingvisticheskikh terminov" (O.S. Akhmanova), "Slovar-spravochnik lingvisticheskikh terminov" (D.E.Rosenthal M.A.Telenkova), "Lingvistichesky entsiklopedichesky slovar" (V.N.Yartsev), "Slovar sotsiolingvisticheskih terminov", slovar-spravochnik "Terminy i ponyatiya lingvistiki: Obshchee yazykoznanie. Sociolinguistics" T.V. Jerebilo; Slovar po yazykoznaniyu (Dictionary of language knowledge); Slovar sotsiolingvisticheskikh terminov (Dictionary of Eleumet's linguistic terms), etc. Nevertheless, the concept of "terminosphere" is actively used in scientific literature. This indicates that the concept is actively used in the scientific languages of some CIS countries, in particular, in the Uzbek and Kazakh languages, along with the Russian scientific method.
In the researches of Kyu Kageura, a leading expert in the field of terminology of English-American linguists, one can find such words as "a terminological sphere" (terminological shell) and "a terminological space" (terminological space). Based on the importance of terminology as an independent science, if any lexical unit is considered a term, then it is located in a previously existing terminological space; thus proves that he introduces the concept of terminology as a sum of "terminological units", as an empirical materialization [218;]. It is worth noting that, unlike the terminological sphere related to the linguistic text, there is always a terminological field that can be a component of the lexical sphere.
Table 1
Term units located at the boundary of the universal lexicon
English русча O'zbekcha
agrotourism агротуризм agroturizm
tour package тур пакет tur paketi
jeep safari джип-сафари jip safari
on-your-own package самостоятельный тур o'z-o'zidan sayohat
rural tourism сельский туризм qishloq turizmi
check-in регистрироваться ro'yxatdan o'tish
check-out проверить tekshirish
Boutique hotel бутик-отель butik mehmonxona
flotel флотель suzuvchi
tour leader гид gid
tour operator тур-оператор turoperator
tour manager тур-менеджер ekskursiya menejeri
catering service Служба общественного питания ovqatlanish xizmati
Conclusion: Thus, according to K. Kageura's point of view, the terms "terminological sphere" and "terminological space" enter into a systematic relationship with other terms, settle among them and manifest a certain environment that forms a terminological system. It is worth noting that, unlike the terminological sphere related to the linguistic text, there is always a terminological field that can be a component of the lexical sphere. According to the linguistic approach, terms are interpreted as an object characterized by systematicity and expressed through a scientific definition. In most cases, the term is not affected by the context. It is methodologically neutral and is mainly used in functional environments, that is, in texts and documents used by specialists and researchers in various fields of knowledge. Interdisciplinary terminological units interact and form the core of the terminological field as a whole.
References:
1. Abdurahmanov G'. Terminology problems// Terminology of the Uzbek language and its development perspectives: Proceedings of the First Republican Terminology Conference. -Tashkent: Science, 1986. -136 p.
2. Averbukh K.Ya. General theory of the term: complex-variological approach: Author's abstract. diss.... dr. Philol. Sci. Ivanovo, 2005. -31 p.
3. Azizov S.A. Lexico-grammatical investigation of musical terminology of the Uzbek language. diss.... candy. Philol. Nauk -Tashkent, 1981. -160 p.
4. There are 3335 term units (100%) in the dictionary, of which 366 term units used in the field of tourism make up 11% of the total volume.
5. Paluanova Kh.D. Derivative-semantic features of ecological terms (in the example of Uzbek, English and Russian languages). Philol. science. dr. (DS)... diss. autoref. - T., 2016. - 30 p
