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18DEFINITION AND STUDY OF THE TERM AS A LINGUISTIC OBJECT
Ostonov U.
Independent researcher of SamIES
Abstract: This article presents the study of the interaction of languages, the priority directions of linguistics, the creation of effective mechanisms for the implementation of innovation achievements, as well as linguistic analysis and translation problems of tourism terms.
Key words: terminology, terminosystem, terminological field, linguistic description, comparative-typology (comparison), consumption, advertising, production, trade.
Аннотация: В данной статье представлены исследования взаимодействия языков, приоритетные направления языкознания, создание эффективных механизмов реализации инновационных достижений, а также лингвистический анализ и проблемы перевода туристических терминов.
Ключевые слова: терминология, терминосистема, терминологическое поле, языковая характеристика, сравнительно-типология (сравнение), потребление, реклама, производство, торговля.
Introduction. The scientific-philosophical interest in the nature of the term determined as a result of the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid development of production and industry in the 19th century created the basis for such research. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the problems of terminology became the focus of attention of linguists. One of the main reasons for this is related to the creation of terms, and the second reason is the impact of extralinguistic factors on terminology. However, they were more concerned with the problems of synonymy and polysemy encountered in terminology, as well as the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of term-lexemas, hybrid terms and pure terms in the context, and the variety of interactions with certain concepts.
Literature analysis on the subject. At the modern stage of studying terms, it is recognized that terms occupy a primary place in one or another field or gain semantic dominance. In modern terminology, along with terms such as "terminology", "terminosistem", "terminological field" officially accepted and recorded in dictionaries, the concept of "terminosphere" is widely used. A.A. Proshina, in his work on the formation of the terminosphere "Economy" and the sphere of concepts in Russian and German, relies on the explanation proposed by T.R.Kiyaktomoni, according to which: "The set of terms related to a certain field of knowledge is called a terminosphere. The terminosphere does not represent a single terminological system, its units are valid in the languages of the international sphere, as well as in various scientific fields. According to A.A. Proshina, the concept of "terminosphere" can be applied to economic terminology due to its diversity. Different types of terminologies are created as a result of the research of scientists of
certain scientific schools, due to the sum of the scientific-theoretical thoughts and views, trends that they put forward.
N.V. Buyanov in his work on the concept of the terminosphere and the functionality of terms "Tourism and tourism industry" uses the concept of "terminosphere" in a broad sense as a synonym of the concept of "terminosistem". However, as a result of the analysis of his work, it becomes clear that the terminosphere is not exactly synonymous with the terminosis, but it is a special lexical layer that is part of a specific terminosis. The concept of "terminosphere" was defined by L.G. Aksyutenkova, I.V. Telyatnikova, K.A. Shipkov, E.B. Javkina, M.R. Mironova, A.E. A number of scholars, like Karapetyan, use it in a similar sense.
Research methodology. Linguistic description, comparative-typological (comparative), semantic-methodical, diachronic, synchronic, component analysis, statistical analysis, lexical-syntactic, lexical-semantic methods were used in the dissertation.
Analysis and results. Many researches have been conducted on the issues of "term" and "terminology", which have been used since the beginning, and various definitions have been given. The lexeme "term" comes from the Latin word "terminus", which means "end", "limit", "boundary", "end". According to P. Nishonov, "a term is a word or a combination of words according to its structure, it is a lexical unit that is limited by the scope of a special field in terms of semantics and expresses the concept related to this field". A term is a word that is unconditionally (compulsorily) related (comparable) to a certain unit in the system of specific logical concepts. Defining the term as a linguistic object and its systematic study motivated the formation of explanations (definitions) of the concept of "term", the description of the term, the development of solutions to the problems related to it, and finally, the emergence of the science of terminology. The term took a firm place in the system of lexical-grammatical concepts and became a "full-fledged member" of the lexical-semantic system of the language. According to A.Reformatsky, the term is not "just a word", but it is, first of all, a word, even if it is "unusual" or "new word", it can be "rationalized" and even "invented". Professor S.Usmonov's researches are of great importance for terminology, and the term "...any innovations in the field of production tools, as well as in the field of culture and science, are first expressed through language units, or rather, terms. In this sense, terminology (a set of terms in a certain language) is a witness, a mirror of modern history. In our opinion, the term, according to its linguistic nature, is an integral part of the vocabulary system of the literary language, and differs from other categories of words by its clear, concise expression of scientific, technical or other professional concepts and its wealth of information.
In recent years, the words "term", "term", "nomenclature" have been widely used. According to the national encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, along with the word "term", the words "term" and "istilah" are also used in the same sense. But they cannot express the full meaning of the word "term". The word "term" is used in a broad sense and is applied to geographical objects, famous names, and the word
"revolution" can be used mainly in texts on historical topics (for example: history of literature, Eastern philosophy, etc.). S. According to Usmanov: "...the meaning of the word term is broader than the meaning of the word term, it is understood as the name of all things, and the term is a formalized word used in a certain narrow field. In this sense, the concept of term is a scientific-lexical unit included in the concept of "term".
In his research, O. Akhmedov distinguished the concepts of "term", "term", "term", "nomenclature" and said that "Terms actually have a general literary form in lexical-semantic terms, and they pass to the common language through a specific terminological system. After all, terms and common words are lexical units that complement each other," he says. Thus, terminology is one of the factors that form the lexicon of this language.
The concept of nomenclature is defined in the encyclopedic dictionary as "Nomenclature (lat. nomenclatura) is a list, a list of names, as well as a list of certain terms and category names used in the field of science, technology, law and economics" [208;-B.369]. In addition, P.P. Nishonov "The term applied to an object or reality, first of all, defines and classifies this object or reality. This is not observed in the nomenclature. Their function is limited to naming things and objects. Therefore, "term" is a broad and clear concept in relation to nomenclature, meaning a word with a special function, while "nomenclature" is a term that serves to name similar objects and concepts.
After the independence of our country, in addition to the terms that have been in use for years and have been absorbed into the public speech, some borrowed terms were adopted as new terms and replaced with the old ones, even without a thorough study of the content. Instead of the word "term", "terminology", the lexemes "atama", "terminology" were used, ignoring the fact that these concepts are of a specific nature. "Term" is a broad concept, which includes toponymy, anthroponomy, oikonymy, that is, lexical units related to onomastics, which do not belong to terminology at all. Professor U.Tursunov clarified the issues of terminology of the Uzbek language and began to write the same concept as different terms; providing long explanations instead of clear and concise terms; less use of native language opportunities in term creation; It is shown that one of the sources of enrichment of Uzbek terminology is the existence of different approaches to the external factor, facts.
A detailed review of the works of English-American researchers devoted to terms and terminology is covered in the study of V.V. Kasyanov. According to the author, the statements about the uniformity of the points of view in the works of these scientists - explaining; A deeper study and analysis of the theoretical and practical materials of Anglo-American linguists reveals the theoretical differences in their interpretations regarding the uniqueness of the terms and their difference from the common vocabulary.
The conclusions of V.V. Kasyanov have been confirmed in a recent study by a representative of Slovak linguistics: Kabre and Kageura's research on terminology
has a clearly focused goal, which can serve as a foundation for the methodology of this field, from a theoretical point of view, allowing it to receive the status of an independent science. is to determine the characteristics that serve as a basis. Nevertheless, they both emphasize the need for future research and collaborative efforts to allow the emergence of an appropriate theoretical model. It is not easy to fulfill this task due to the lack of communication between specialists, the development of the subjects of the debate in different ways and the variable perception.
Conclusions and suggestions. Diversity in the understanding of terminology (in Russian linguistics) exists in foreign language science as well as in Uzbek linguistics. D. Sageder writes about the difference of views on the essence of terminology: The views on terminology as a scientific discipline are quite diverse. Currently, there are different interpretations of this field and a number of controversial issues related to it. Is terminology a science or just a method? Does terminology have the status of a separate humanities with its own theory, or should it be grateful for its theoretical possibilities to relatively consolidated disciplines, a theoretically stable body of science? The importance of the science of terminology cannot be underestimated. It should be viewed as a historically significant force due to its evolution and forward movement in the rapidly changing world of modern technology.
References
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