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THE MAIN ISSUES OF TRANSLATING MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY: RENDITION OF CARDIOLOGICAL LEXICON
Amonova Madina Vafoeyvna - teacher
Department of English literature, Bukhara State University, Bukhara,
Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the main issues of interpretation of medical terminology in the framework of linguistic analysis and the principles of lexicology based on cardiological vocabulary from English into Uzbek.
This study proposes methods for translating medical terms with linguistic analysis and lexicographic principles based on cardiological vocabulary from English into Uzbek. Terminological vocabulary units are special concepts, the content plan of which is closely related to the conceptual field of a specific highly specialized field of knowledge and exists in a complex hierarchical organization with other concepts of this area.
Keywords: special concept, lexicon, communication, cardiological terms, linguodidactic, polysemantics.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПЕРЕВОДА МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ: ПЕРЕВОД КАРДИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ
Амонова Мадина Вафоевна - преподавательница,
Кафедра английская литературы Бухарский Государственный Университет, Бухара, Узбекистан
AННОТАЦИЯ
Это исследование предлагает методы перевода медицинских терминов с лингвистическим анализом и лексикографическими принципами на основе кардиологической лексики с английского на узбекский язык. Терминологические словарные единицы - это особые понятия, содержательный план которых тесно связан с концептуальным полем конкретной узкоспециализированной области знания и существует в сложной иерархической организации с другими понятиями этой сферы.
Ключевые слова: специальный концепт, лексика, коммуникация, кардиологические термины, лингводидактика, полисемантика.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, R VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 10
educational, natural and social sciences ( ) ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
INTRODUCTION
It has become generally accepted among lexicologists that modern lexicology cannot successfully solve its problems and fulfill its functions if such a direction as terminology is insufficiently developed, the object of which is terminological vocabulary, the processes of its development and the principles of managing these processes. In recent years, in linguistics, and not only, the concept of "language for specific purposes" (Language for Specific Purpose or LSP) has become widespread. A special purpose language in the broad sense of the word is understood as a functional type of language, the main purpose of which is to ensure adequate and effective communication of specialists in any subject area (ELL).
Trends in the development of special-purpose languages are largely determined by the characteristics and level of development of the terminology that constitutes their semantic core. However, they are not limited to purely terminological features. Five directions of development of modern special-purpose languages can be distinguished: integration, differentiation, internationalization, unification and economization: 1) Integration. The development of modern science is associated with the development of scientific knowledge and the convergence of many scientific disciplines.
It turns out that the most interesting and topical problems arise at the junction of two or more sciences. In this way, scientific knowledge is integrated. In the sphere of language, this is directly reflected in the fact that in places of the most active contacts of various scientific disciplines, their languages converge, mutually complementing each other, using the terminology of not only one, but another science, but also the development of new terms specific to the emerging complex problem.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
Thus, along with the integration of scientific disciplines, there is an integration of their languages. Thus, integration should be recognized as the first trend in the language of science and technology. 2) Differentiation. In science, it manifests itself mainly in the fact that at the points of contact of scientific disciplines, new sciences are gradually being formed, such as mathematical linguistics, bionics, genetics, cybernetics, etc.
And in the field of communication, this is realized in the form of the emergence of new languages with terminological features that are unique to them, when, for example, in mathematical linguistics, its terminology is built from the terms of mathematics, linguistics, as well as terms. is inherent only in this scientific discipline, which arose as a result of the synthesis of linguistic and mathematical knowledge. 3)
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Internationalization and Anglicization. Two aspects can be distinguished here: 1) the actual internationalization associated with the creation and development of a kind of universal fund of nominal units that satisfies the need for naming units of special concepts in different national languages;
2) interlanguage, within the framework of which work is underway to create artificial languages designed to solve the problems of professional communication at the international level. Today, one of the leading sources of international terms is the English language. Three reasons can be considered as reasons for the development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP): historical (pragmatic), linguistic, linguodidactic.
The first is associated with the end of World War II and the economic crises since the 1970s, on the one hand, and the growth of the economies of developed countries, in particular the United States, on the other, when English becomes the language of international communication. ... The second reason is related to the paradigm shift in linguistics. There was an awareness that the language changes with the change in the communication situation. From which follows the third reason, namely the creation of new student-centered teaching methods. However, it should be noted that the Uzbek language is gaining increasing importance in world cultural life.
It is not without reason that many foreign experts are paying more and more attention to the study of the Uzbek language, arguing that the Uzbek language is a vital carrier.
The terminology of the Central Asian languages is developing in contact, therefore, the study of terminological processes when it comes to English, the language of science in general and medicine in particular, is of great importance. Analysis of medical terminology, its structural and semantic characteristics and functional features allows us to obtain data on an important fragment of the linguistic picture of the world of native English speakers.
In this regard, it is important to study terms not in isolation, but at least within the framework of lexical-semantic fields (LSP), since LSP can be attributed to the elements of the linguistic model of the world, which is a hierarchical structural unity of interrelated and interdependent lexical units that have their own semantic structure, is an inalienable attribute and reflects the conceptual, content or functional similarity of the designated phenomena.
The study of vocabulary not in isolation, but in the integral composition of the lexical-semantic field allows us to consider a fragment of the picture of the world of representatives of the English-speaking culture and identify its distinctive, and in the case of medical terminology, universal characteristics. The second important
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condition for the study of terminology at the present time is its study in context. The development of modern theoretical and practical medicine, as well as the evolution of science in general, require timely systematization and streamlining of existing and emerging terminology. A large role in this respect belongs to the context, which has not always received sufficient attention.
Terms specific to a particular field of science are called highly specialized or special, for example, protoplasm, astomy, asthenopyra and others.
Medical terminology is a special layer of vocabulary due to its structural-semantic, word-formation, stylistic features. This allows her to take her own specific place in the vocabulary of the language. They also note that at the present stage of language development, medical terminology is widely used not only in scientific discourse and specialized medical institutions, but also in colloquial speech and artistic discourse.
It should also be noted that the analysis of medical terminology should be carried out as part of the vocabulary of the scientific language, since it naturally enters into it. By its intended purpose, terminology belongs only to this lexical system. Each branch of science has its own highly specialized vocabulary. The analysis of the terminological units studied by us allowed Identify the following adjective suffixes: -ive (8 units): congestive -ous (2 units): intravenous -ant (4 units): regurgitant -al (17 units): paroxysmal -ary (2 units): papillary -ic (14 units): cardiogenic -ar (5 units): cardiovascular -en (1 unit): sudden -able (4 units): modifiable -ing (4 units): ascending -ial (2 units): circumferential -ed (5 units): drug-eluted -ent (3 units): transient -id (2 units): bicuspid.
Thus, the majority is formed by the suffix method - 73 (91%) units of the total number of adjectives.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, R VOLUME 1 | ISSUE 10
educational, natural and social sciences ( ) ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor SJIF 2021: 5.423
As a result of the analysis of cardiological terminology, we also identified prefixed terminological elements that participated in the formation of 20 adjectives, which amounted to 25% of the total number of terminological units. For example, the following prefixes were involved in the formation of adjectives: a- (1 unit): asymptomatic anti- (2 units): anticoagulant bi- (1 unit): bicuspid cardio- (1 unit): cardiogenic de- (1 unit): degenerative dys- (1 unit): dysplastic idio- (1 unit): idiopathic intra- (1 unit): intravenous para- (1 unit): paravalvular per- (1 unit): percutaneous
peri- (2 units): pericardialpro- (1 unit): prothrombotic
re- (2 units): reentrant
retro- (1 unit): retrograde
tri- (1 unit): tricuspid
un- (1 unit): unstable
under- (1 unit): underlying.
According to linguistic scholars, most of the prefixes used in cardiac terminology are used to express spatial meanings. "This is due to the pragmatic importance for medicine of precisely indicating the location of the disease or the organ to be treated, or the immediate object of observation. In cardiological terminology in English and Uzbek languages, the prefix with evaluative and negative values is also widely used, which often makes it possible to oppose oneself on the scale "a lot - a little".
The use of prefixes of Greek-Latin origin determines the creation of terminological units of international significance. Many prefixes indicate the spatial, local characteristics of organs, processes that form and classify the main scientific medical concepts.
CONCLUSION
While term formation may seem formal and uninteresting to many people, in addition to the precise, pragmatic, structural forms of word formation, there are also many intermediate ways of term formation that hide the whole story in their names. Sometimes a foreign language teacher may face a problem when trying to collect,
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study, generalize and even write about them, however, discussing the origin of terms with medical students gives them a deeper understanding of the history of medicine, and they have the opportunity to look at certain terms from different points of view.
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