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THE CONCEPT OF THE TERM AND ITS STATUS IN ENGLISH
Khojikulov Sh.K
Khojikulov Shukrulla Kodirovitch - Head of Department, DEPARTMENT OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION, THE ENGLISH LANGUAGES FACULTY 2, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the study of the status and semantics of the terminology of various sciences requires careful study. This is explained by the international level of modern science and the desire to transform terms into a single system to overcome language barriers between different peoples in different areas of our life. The existence and development of any science at the present stage is impossible without terms and terminology. Keywords: terms, vocabulary, lexical unit, assimilation, reduction.
Terms convey the meaning of new or already existing concepts. Even in the middle of the last century, the emergence of many terms in languages could not even be assumed. The purposeful study of English and Uzbek terminology began in science relatively recently - in the 1990s 20th century. Various aspects related to special vocabulary, terminological systems have been the object of research by many well-known linguists. Among them are such names as V.V. Vinogradov, G.O. Vinokur, A.A. Reformatsky, V.A. Tatarinov, D.S. Lotte, V.M. Leichik, V.P. Danilenko, T.L. Kandeaki, L.L. Kutina, G.P. Melnikov, M.A. Makarchenko, O.D. Mitrofanova and many others. An interesting fact is that the term "terminology" itself is an illustration of the need to streamline special vocabulary. Until recently, as I.Kobozeva denoted three different concepts: "a system of terms of a certain field of knowledge", "the entire set of terms of a language" and "a science that studies theories" [Kobozeva: 56].
In order to avoid difficulties in the interpretation of this term, the term "terminological vocabulary" or "terminology" was adopted to denote the second concept, and the term "terminology" was proposed for the last concept in 1969. Even more ambiguous is the case with the English term "terminology", which in modern works [Ter-Minasova 2000: 78] is used in all three meanings, despite the fact that in English there is an equivalent of the Uzbek term "terminology" ~ "science of terminology".
Thus, there is no isomorphism terminological correspondence in Uzbek and English. In this part, to distinguish between the concepts described above and to avoid ambiguity in understanding, we use the terms "terminology", "term". Terminological vocabulary or terminology (as mentioned above) is one of the main ways to replenish the vocabulary of the language. English terminology is characterized by a number of features in comparison, firstly, with its equivalents in Uzbek, secondly, with the terminological systems of other special areas of knowledge, and, thirdly, with the lexicon of the commonly used layer of the natural language.
According to researchers, over 90% of new words appearing in modern lexicons are special vocabulary. The term is the central unit of special vocabulary, the main object of study of terminology and the subject of terminological description.
To analyze the material under consideration, it is necessary, first of all, to define the concept of a term. There are many definitions of the above concept. In our opinion, the most important are the definitions of A.A. Reformatsky, D.S. Lotte, V.I. Tatarinov (in the described case we are talking about the field of translation studies).
So, according to V.M.Leichik, "a term is a word or a subordinating phrase that has a special meaning, expresses and forms a professional concept and is used in the process of learning and mastering scientific and vocational objects and relations between them". V.M. Leichik understands the term as "a lexical unit of a certain language for special purposes, denoting a general - concrete or abstract - concept of the theory of a certain special area of knowledge or activity" [Leichik, 2007: 36]. A.A. Reformatsky believes that a term is "a word (or a combination of words), which is the officially accepted and legalized name of any concept in science, technology, art" [Reformatsky, 2000: 378]. Following D.S. Lotte, V.M. Leichik, A.A. Reformatsky, we conclude that there are certain signs characteristic of the term.
V.M. Leychik in turn, finds a distinctive feature of the latest stage in the integration of sciences, which leads to the interchange of terminology of various scientific fields, called interdisciplinary homonymy, as a result of which changes occur methodology for studying terminology [Leichik 2007: 5].
For example: reaction 1) in chemistry, 2) in philology, 3) in politics;
reduction 1) in philosophy, 2) in jurisprudence, 3) in phonetics;
assimilation 1) in ethnography, 2) in phonetics.
Returning to the linguistic features of terms, we draw attention to the fact that the main criterion for a term is unambiguity. But, since the middle of the XX century to the present, the problem of term ambiguity has taken place in scientific developments on the ordering of terminology. There are several reasons explaining the presence of this problem: the lack of a root vocabulary of the language compared to the number of scientific
concepts, the use of one term to define different concepts related to the same phenomenon, etc [Anisimova 2010: 8].
References
1. KobozevaI.M. Linguistic semantics / I.M. Kobozeva. M.: Editorial URSS, 2000. 352 p.
2. Leichik V.M. Terminology: subject, methods, structure / V.M. Leichik. M.: Publishing house LKI, 2007. 256 p.
3. Reformatsky A.A. What is the term and terminology. Questions of terminology / A.A. Reformed. M.: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences, 2000. 101 p.
4. Ter-Minasova S.G. Language and intercultural communication / S.G. Ter-Minasova. M.: Word, 2000. 146 p.
