ВЛИЯНИЕ ЛИБЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОЛИТИКИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА НА ЭКОНОМИКУ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИЗРАИЛЯ)

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DOI: 10.52174/2579-2989_2021_3_103

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• 1904-1914 pp.' b^pn^wjmJ h2^nT. hw-Iwub^pwlwh spwJw^pmpjmhhbph

Herzl, Theodor. The Jews' State: A Critical English Translation. Jason Aronson, Incorporated, 1997.

Berkowitz, Michael. Zionist Culture and West European Jewry before the First World War. Cambridge University Press, 1993. h2ni4p hpbw phwl^nLpjaih hwi^wpwlwh whi^whnLi^ t, nph oqmrnqnpS^mJ tp i^ih^U hupwjbLh i^bmnLpjwh hh^rn^pmJp:

Plaut, Steven. "The Israeli Economy from the Foundation of the State through the 21st Century." Middle East Quarterly 18, no. 3 (2011): p. 94.

«ULhw»' bppwjbpbhhg pwpqJwhwpwp h2whwlni.J t wLhf: SIjwl qbi^pniJ ^inupp hbpqwqpjoiLhbph «wLhfh» Jwuhh t: Rivlin, Paul. The Israeli Economy from the Foundation of the State through the 21st Century. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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• 1924-1929 pp.' lw^lw6 Ub6 Pphsw-hhwjh In^^g ^w^bushhh qpw^Jwh U UUL-h In^^g wpswqw^ph ^wjJwh-hbph ^uswgJwh hbs (4-pq. wLhw)10: 1922-1947 pp. ^w^burnhhrnJ wpwqnpbh

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h swppbpmpjmh 1922 p.-h, 1947 p.-hh hpbwlwh wpqjmhwpbpwlwh wpswq-pwhfp qbpwqwhgbg wpwpwlwhh w^bLh fwh 14 whqwJ: <pbwhbpp 25 swph pph-swhwlwh Jwh^wsh hbpfn qsh^bLm ph-pwgpniJ qqwLhnpbh pwpbLwlb thh hpbhg ^hpfbpp hwU 2hhwpwpmpjwh nLnpsniJ:

Ujq.ni.hwhq.bpd, lwnmglw&pwjhh ^n-^n^mpjmhhbpp swppbp lbp^ whqpw-qwpdwh hpbw hbpqw^pjwLhbph pwqJw-qwh ^Jpbph ipw. qblw^wp oqwlp, np-^bu lwhnh, pwqlwgwS b^pn^wjhg dw-Jwhw6 w2lbhwqh hpbwhbphg, lw^jw[ ih^wl ^wpswqpbg hwpw^wjhh hpbw-hbphh":

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7 Aharoni, Yair. The Israeli Economy (Routledge Revivals): Dreams and Realities. Routledge, 2014, Ch. 2, p. 19.

8 Goldscheider, Calvin. Israel's changing society: Population, ethnicity, and development. Westview Press, 2002.

9 Paul, p. 16.

'0 Tartakovsky, Eugene, and Shalom H. Schwartz. "Motivation for emigration, values, wellbeing, and identification among young

Russian Jews." International Journal of Psychology 36, no. 2 (2001): pp. 88-99. '' Metzer, Jacob. The divided economy of mandatory Palestine. No. 11. Cambridge University Press, 1998. '2 Bernstein, Deborah, and Shlomo Swirski. "The rapid economic development of Israel and the emergence of the ethnic

division of labour." British Journal of Sociology (1982): pp. 64-85. '3 Aharoni, op cit., p. 19.

hupuijbifr iphshunLp-jmbp 1948-1985 pp

UUM-h 9-L^w^np wuwdpLbwjh 181-prç. pwiwÔUh™ hhdwi ^pw hupwjbLh ^bmni.-pjwi h^^w^pm^ wnwgwgpbg hwpUwi wpwpwlwi ^bmnLpjniiibph pmn^ rç.dqn-hmpjm^Q1 hwiqbgibLn^ hupwjbLh ilwm-dwdp nwqdwlwi qnpônrçnLpjnLiibph U w-pwpwl|wti 700,000 m hpbwlwi 300,000 piwl^nLpjwi mb^whwldw!'5: R-wqdwlwi qnpônrçnLpjnLiibpn^ ^wjdwiw^np^wô' hu-pwjbLh Iwnw^wpnLpjwi mimbuwlwi fw-rçWfWlwInLpjnLlQ n^ ^wj! ln2S tp, wj|U ^wdwdwiwl, Iw^^wô h2^nT. Lbjpnphu-mwlwi Imuwlgmpjwl qw^w^wpw^n-unLpjwi hbm, niibp tqwLhmwp (hpw^w-hw^wuwpnLpjwi) pwrçwrçph^ibp: Simb-unLpjwi ^^iwluw^npdw! hwdwp lwnw-^wpmpjmlp umh^wô tp T-h^L h^^bu wpmwfhi, wji^bu tL ibpfh! ^n^wnm-pjmllbph' qmqwhbnwpwp qqwLhnpbi pw-pbLw^bLn^ blpwlwnmg^wôflbpp:

1950-wlwi pp. Iwnw^wpmpjmlp pw^-^bg ^ 2wpf ^l^hplbph' w6n^ qnpôw-qplmpjml, wpmwpdnLjph U wpmwuwh-dwljw! w^pwlflbph uwlw^mpjml, n-pnlg hw^pwhwpdw! i^wmwln^ nprç.b-qpbg wqqwjh! wpdnyph wpdbqpldwi fw-^wfwlwlmpjml: 4bpwlw!qldwlp npn-2wlh ^w—n^ l^wurnbgh! IwU 9-bpdw-ihwjh In^^g ^wp^n^ hwrnmgm^bpp: Ubl wjl ^l^hp tp IwU gpwjhl U ^wnbLhfw-jhl nbumpulbph ^wlwunLpjnilQ: Unwgh-lh L^ômdp hwl^huwgw^ wqqwjhl 2pwd-pwph IwnmgmdQ, npp ulqplwlwl 2p2w-imd iw^wmbu^wô Lh^bLn^ qjm^wmlmb-umpjwl Iwphflbpp pw^wpwpbLm hwdwp1 1990 p.-hg uluwô' w^whn^bg bpl-ph 2ph 50%-q:

Lw^pwl hpwlwlwl hbrçw—n^ni.-pjmlQ' hpwii w^whn^nid tp hupwj bLh ^wnbLhfh u^wndwl 90%-q, ni.umh, hb-rçw—n^nLpjwi hbmUwlfn^ dwmwlwpw-pm^bph ^w^wpbgmdp ^ô u^wniwLhf tp mlmbumpjwl hwdwp, h^D, uwlwjl,

hw^pwhwp^bg 1979 p.' bqh^mnuh hbm ^wrçwrçnLpjwi hwdwôwjlwqph lifdwdp, fwlh np bqh^mnul wjlUu ^tp ^n^T-n-mrnd iw^ph wpmwhwlmdD T-b^h hupw-j bL: 4bp2hl hpw^wpÔmpjmlD ^pwlwln-pbl wq^bg hl^^bu hpbwibph wqqwj hi hlflwqhmwlgmpjwl, wji^bu tL mimb-umpjwi 4pw' ^ fwih m^^mpjmiibpn^. ^umwhmpjwi dwlwprçwlh pwpÔpwg-dwdp ^wjdwiw^np^wô' ibp^pm^bph ibphnuf, <LU Iwnmg^wôfmd ibp^pmd-ibph mbuwlwpwp l2nh w6 (1950-1970 pp.-h D^pwgfmd 33%-hg w6bL t ^i^U 65%)16, npD hh^wlwimd wpôwiwqp^bg nwqdwprçjnLiwpbpnLpjwi nLnpmmd, hi^i tL, hp hbpphi, hwiqbgpbg ibpfhi ^w-hwigwplh w^bLwgdw^D: 1950-1970 pp. D^lwô dwdwiwlw2p2wii w^fh D^lw^ hupwjbLh mimbumpjwi Iwjmi wpwq w6n^' Iw^^wô qbpdwiwlwi nwqdwmm-qwifibph (nb^wpwghwibph) ^^wpdwi, w2^wmmdh w^bLwgdwi U wpmwuwh-dwimd piwl^n^. hpbwibph ^pwdwlwi ^n^wigm^bph wpq.jmifmd Iw^hmwLh ibphnufh hbm:

Ujimw^iwjih^, ibpfhi ^whwigwp-

lh ^w^wqwig^wô w6h ^wjdwiibpmd wpmwhwidwi ^wpwpmdD U ^pw hb-mUwifn^ wnUmph hw2^bl2^h ^wmpw-pwgmdD, hi^^bu iwU 1973 p. 3nd ph ^wmbpwqdD, nph ôw^ubpD Iwqdmd thi 75%-d, hi^^bu iwU hbmwqw-jmd ^wnbLhfh hwdw2^wphwjhi 2mlwj^d qibph w6d hwiqbgphi mimbumpjwi ^wmpwpwgdw^D, h^^i tL ^wm6wn ^wp-Ôw^, np Lbjpnphumibpi h2^wi^pj^iD

qhgbi Uhf^^ ImuwlgmpjwiD'7: ^bpghiu

Ôbniwdm^ b^w^ mimbumpjwi wqwmw-Iwiwgdwii m^^^wô ^ 2wpf fwjLbph, uwlwji wilwpn^ qmi^bg LmôbL qbp-^i^hpD' i-hplbL wqqwjhi wpdmjpi wpdb-qplm^ig:

^ôw^wmlbp 2-hg bpUmd t, np 1980-w-Iwiibph ulqphi hupwjbLmd qiw6D hw-mbL t 350%-d, hi^D pwgwuwpwp t wi^-

'4 United Nations, Resolution N181, for more information http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RES0LUTI0N/GEN/NR0/038/88/IMG/

NR003888.pdf?0penElement '5 Paul, op cit., pp. 34-35.

'6 Chenery, Hollis B., and Michael Bruno. "Development alternatives in an open economy: the case of Israel." The Economic Journal (1962): pp. 79-103. '7 Chenery, op cit., p. 46.

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L2^uö duJubu^uhum^uörnJ ^unu-^upmpjub ^öuqnyb ÖbnfpbprnJQ qbu-6h qu^ni.^ tp, npp hbupu^np ^.upöu^ ^ujb qbbph, u2^urnu^upÖbph U ^n^-updbfbbph hb^bfuu^npJub fu^ufu-^ubmpjmbhg hpudupJub up^jnibfrnJ: uJL fuT.ufu^ub ^n^n^mpjmb tp unghuLu^ub nLnpmhb nin^T. öu^ubpfi ^pöurnmJQ; U^^Lhb, hupujbLh ^unu^u-pni.pjni.bQ hpudup^bg pnLnp mbuu^h hn-^ubu^np^u^ub ^gngunm^bphg1 pugb-Ln^ uuhJubbbpp ^guqqujhb 2ni^ubbph huJup, hb^bu buU ^pubbLn^ up^jmbu-4bmni.pjni.bb m Jpgu^gmpjmbp:

Lnp iphsbuwtywb gwqwgwtywbnLpjmbp l 2nitywjwtywb pwpb^nfamtäbpp

1985 p. ^unu^upmpjmbp bbp^ujug-pbg MujmbugJub öpuqhpQ ^uJ Lnp mbmbuu^ub fuT.ufu^ubmpjmbp, npb nLTT^uö tp ^up6 duJ^bmmJ pjnLgbh ^u-^uump^p ^pöumbLmb, ^öupujhb hu2^b-

^2hnp pupbLu^bL^b U qbuöh qu^Jubp: 4bp2hbu hugn^bg hpu^ubugbbL uqqu-jhb updnyph ^n^updbfp U^L ^up^i ^n^updbfh hbm ^u^u^gJub 2bnphh^: Cb^hubmp unJuJp, ^uumup^ph hh J-bu^ub b^umu^b tp hubpujhb U Juu-bu^np u^unJub ^pöumJuJp qbbph ^u-jni.bugni.jQ, hb^Q hubqbgpbg bnubh2 qbu-6h ^pöurnJubQ1 1985 p.-hb ^u huugbb-Ln^ 10%-h'9:

Pupb^n^rn^bpb hpu^ubug^mJ thb u^ph^ugh Lu^uqnijb mbmbuuqbmbbph hbm huJumbq. U, hhup^b, UU^-h $h-bubuu^ub ugu^grnpju Jp: ^huduJu-bu^, ^unu^upmpjmbb hpu^mbf ^rnbbp pjnLgbh ^u^uump^Q LpugbbLm updnij-ph pnT.up^JuJp: MujmbugJub öpuqph bbpfn hupujbLh ^P-b uqum tp hp qnp-önT.nLpjnLbbbpni.J, Juubu^npu^bu1 ph-pu^u^np^uö qbuöh puT.upu^ubnL-pjub ^upJub

SbTh nibbgub ^u^hmuLh 2m^ujh u-qurnu^ubugJubb m^T^uö ^ 2upf ^u-nmg^uöfujhb ^n^n^mpjmbbbp: Uju^bu' 1987-1989 pp.-h QbpugfmJ ^unu^upm-pjub ^up^bph mbuu^upup ^2hnQ 85%-hg b^uqbg ^b^U 15%, ^bpugu^ ^upmu-mnJubph pnT.up^Jub Lhgbbqhujh ^u-hubgQ, hupujbLh pub^h U ^hbububbph

18 World Bank, Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) - Israel, available at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL. ZG?locations=IL

19 Aharoni, op cit., Ch. 3.

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2' Aharoni, Y., 1998. The changing political economy of Israel. Tfre Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 555(1), pp. 136-137.

22 Maman, Daniel, and Zeev Rosenhek. The Israeli central bank: political economy, global logics and local actors. Taylor & Fran-

cis, 2011.p. 355.

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23 Maman and Rosenhek, op cit., p. 259

24 Michael Bruno, Deep Crises and Reform What Have We Learned? World Bank publications, 1996, p. 3 available at https://doc-uments1.worldbank.org/curated/en/744981468740209362/pdf/multi0page.pdf

25 European Central Bank, The Financial Crisis- looking back and the way forward, 22 January 2009, for further information https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2009/html/sp090122.en.html

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27 Ministry of Trade and Industry, Israeli companies on the NASDAQ, for further information, https://itrade.gov.il/spain/israe-li-companies-on-the-nasdaq/

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ment

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Альберт АИРАПЕТЯН

Ассистент кафедры международных экономических отношений АГЭУ, кандидат экономических наук

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ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ХРОНИКА

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЛИБЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОЛИТИКИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА НА ЭКОНОМИКУ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИЗРАИЛЯ)

Феномен устойчивого экономического развития Израиля со времен ишува до социализма и от социализма до современной эпохи продолжает представлять научный интерес. Этот пример показывает, как изменение философии, лежащей в основе принятия экономических решений, влияет на экономическое развитие страны. В данной статье автором были выдвинуты следующие исследовательские вопросы: почему правительство Израиля изменило свое отношение к выработке экономической политики и как Центральный банк Израиля получил независимость? Статья основана на тематическом исследовании с использованием метода ситуативного анализа (case study), который обычно применяется для более глубокого понимания явления, а не построения теории.

В рамках исследования автор пришел к выводу, что роль рынка капитала в Израиле возросла, и он стал одним из основных кредиторов страны. Кроме того, правительство Израиля, учитывая позиции властей США относительно роли ЦБ в госаппарате, стимулировало процесс усиления Центрального банка.

Ключевые слова: Израиль, Гистадрут, экономика, идеология, лейбористское правительство, Центральный банк, независимость Центрального банка

Albert HAYRAPETYAN

PhD in Economics, Assistant Professor in the Chair of International Economics of ASUE

GEOPOLITICAL CHRONICLE

IMPACT OF LIBERALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT'S POLICIES ON THE ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

(THE CASE OF ISRAEL)

The phenomena behind the vehement economic development of Israel from Yishuv times to socialism and from socialism to modern era continue to be an interesting case to realize the nexus between the impact of the change of philosophy behind the economic decision-making on the economic development of the country. In this paper, I am going to answer the following two research questions: "Why the Israeli government changed its attitude in the economic policymaking?" and "How did the Bank of Israel (Israeli Central Bank) get its independence?". The method which was applied to tackle the research questions is called intrinsic case study. This type is normally used for deeper understanding of the case and not for the theory building. I arrived at the conclusion that the role of the capital market was enhanced and it became one of the major lenders of the country. Furthermore, the Israeli government decided to make the Central Bank stronger in consideration of the position of the USA authorities regarding the role of the CB in the state apparatus.

Key words: fIsrael, Histadrut, economy, ideology, labor government, Central Bank,

independence of the Central Bank

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЛИБЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОЛИТИКИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА НА ЭКОНОМИКУ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИЗРАИЛЯ) Текст научной статьи по специальности «Экономика и бизнес»

Аннотация научной статьи по экономике и бизнесу, автор научной работы — Альберт Айрапетян

Похожие темы научных работ по экономике и бизнесу , автор научной работы — Альберт Айрапетян

IMPACT OF LIBERALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT’S POLICIES ON THE ECONOMIC AFFAIRS (THE CASE OF ISRAEL)

Текст научной работы на тему «ВЛИЯНИЕ ЛИБЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОЛИТИКИ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА НА ЭКОНОМИКУ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИЗРАИЛЯ)»