Научная статья на тему 'The negative impact of covid-19 on tourism sphere: World and Armenia'

The negative impact of covid-19 on tourism sphere: World and Armenia Текст научной статьи по специальности «Экономика и бизнес»

CC BY
198
32
i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.
Журнал
Амберд
Область наук
Ключевые слова
tourism / crisis / flight / COVID-19 / туризм / кризис / полет / COVID-19

Аннотация научной статьи по экономике и бизнесу, автор научной работы — Gayane Tovmasyan

The number of tourists in Armenia has been increasing in recent years. The article presents the potential negative impact of COVID-19 on tourism sphere in Armenia and in other countries was presented, the measures taken by a number of countries and Armenia to mitigate the potential negative effects of COVID-19 were discussed, and some preliminary predictions were done.

i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.
iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.
i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.

ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ COVID-19 НА СФЕРУ ТУРИЗМА: МИР И АРМЕНИЯ

Число туристов в Армении в последние годы увеличивается. В статье представлено потенциальное негативное влияние COVID-19 на туризм в Армении и других странах, обсуждались меры, предпринятые рядом стран и Арменией по смягчению потенциальных негативных последствий COVID-19, были также сделаны некоторые предварительные прогнозы.

Текст научной работы на тему «The negative impact of covid-19 on tourism sphere: World and Armenia»

«COVID-19»-h Uan-bSPh^PKUC

ÖPnUUCPSnh^UL

RLnPSh 4PU.

UCtoUPC b4 CU8UUSUL

<^^wpwnbp. qpnuut2P2nLRlnLh> äqbwdwJ, i^hpp, COVID-19

SpnuLU2n2h^^^i1h /¡Lß 'CiujLuumLutinnJ Lbp2hb imupfilibpfili r\pubnpniü t Lu6h üfunniü: Cn^Ludim! bbpLjaijaigLbi t «COVID-19»-h hbuipuiLnp puiguiuui-Liuib iuqr\bgnißjniüb¡ib^a/bu CC, uijbu/bu t[ uji bpjjßp-bbpfi qpnuui2p2nt/ajuib n[npsh Lpu, phhiupltfbl bb ify 2uipf bpjpbbph b Cuijuiumuibh &bnbiupjiuö itfipngiu-nrrnftibpß huiJuiLLuipuilh hbiupiuLpp puiguiuuijuib hbsbuibfbbph ifcqddu/b baunnuilnL, liuimupLbi bb buib npn2uilh buifubuiluib luibfuuisbunn^bp:

<wdw2^wphwjhb rnbrnbum/jub Lpu qpn-uw2p2nLpjwb hwpw6ni.h wq^bgni/jnibQ d2rnwabu t suppbp hbrnuqnrnn^bbph b jwqdw-jbpampjmbbbph m2u^pmpjub jbbmpnbmd: PuLujub t ^ujb b2b[, np 2018 qpnuu2p2mpjub hwdw^wnb uq-^bgmpjmbß hwdw2^wphwjhb CLU-md juq^L t 10.4% jud 8.8 mphLhnb U^L ^lup' wauhnLbmL. 319 d[b u2-^ususbq': Cum öwbwawphnp^mpJmbbbp¡ b qpn-uw2P2mpJwb hwdw2^wphwJ¡b ^nphp^h rnLjuibbph 2018 /. qpnuw2P2mpJwb hwdw^wnb uq^bgrn/jmbQ CC CLU-md juq^L t 14.1% jud 868,7 ^pud1 uauhn-LbinL ßb^hubrnp qpw^L.wömpJwb 12.5%-ß jud 137000 w2^wmwmb^2:

4bp2hb rnuphbbphb CC qpnuw2P2^PJwb qupqug-dub ^mm^bpß3 thb mu[hu bbpu^pbL, np 2020 /.

' TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2019, WORLD, p. 1: https:// www.wttc.org/economic-impact/country-analysis/country-data/

2 ARMENIA, 2019 ANNUAL RESEARCH: KEY HIGHLIGHTS, World Travel and Tourism Council: https://www.wttc.org/economic-impact/country-anal-

ysis/country-data/

^ujubb

Sbmbuughmmpjub pblbudm

2010 p. qhpwqwhgmpjwbp iu^wpyih[ t linw-

2014 p. uyiwgb[ t iphshuw-qfiSnLPJib phlhwdni.fr qfrsu-Iwh wusfräwh: 2016 p.-fig C^ISC «Udphpq» hhyiwqnyiw-Iwh lihhyipnhfri t, 2019 p-.-frig' liwnw^wpdwh ludpfrnhfr luuftuyihhyi: 80-frg

ui^bjp qfryiwlwh hpw^wpw-limtähpft, iujq p^mif hplm ilbhwqpmpjwh hhqphwl t b hphf nwm&iuiluih ähnhwplfr hwhhhqphwl:

hnijh^bu qpnuw2p2m.pjn1.hQ Cwjwusw-hni.J Iqpwhgh w6h pwpÖp sbJ^bp: hhwp-lb, wju ugbhwpQ 2wm hpwsbuwlwh l[h-hbp, bpb 2020 p. ulqphh wJpn^2 w2^wp-hn^ ^swpwö^bp pwqw^wpw^Q lwJ COVID-19-q, h^Q qqw[h i^wuhbp t hwug-hni.J hwJw2^wphwjh^ qpnuw2p2m.pjwhQ:

2pnuw2p2nLpjwh U 6whw^wphnp^.nl-pjnLhhbph hwJw2^wphwjh^ ^nphp^h U Oxford Economics-h hw^hwlwh hw2^wpl-hbpn^ (hh^^wö hwJw2^wphwjhh qpn-uw2p2^pjwh hw^np^. öqhwdw^ph ^np-Öh 4pw, npnhg ^wsöwnQ SARS-h (wsh-^hl pnpwpnpp) U H1N1-h (^nqh qph^) hwJwöwpwlhbph thh) COVID-19-h wq^b-gmpjmhQ qpnuw2p2m.pjwh n[npsh 4pw Iwpdbhw wnh^wqh 22 J[p^. UUL ^.n[wp lwJ w^b[h fwh 20 J|pn- b^pn: ^w wnw^b[ qqw[h L|[hhh UuhwjrnJ, U, wnw2hh hbp-phh, QhhwumwhmJ, npsb^ CLU-h 11%-Q pwdhh t Qh|hmJ qpnuw2p2m.pjwhQ, U nph wjhsb^ ^bp2hh swphhbphh w6mJ tp 7%-whng mbJ^n^: Oxford Economics-h ^np-ÖwqbshbpQ |wpömJ bh, np i^wuh hw^-hw|wh qhwhwmw|whQ |wpn^ t |p|hw-U bnw^wrn|4b[, bpb COVID-19-h mwpwömJQ hhwpw^np £[hhh lwubghb[: U^hw2wmQ Isnidbh ^hhwgh qpnuw2Qp-2h|hbphg bplphbpQ1 <nh|nhqQ,

U"w|wnh, ^whLwh^Q, MwJpn2wh U &hlh-

^hhhbpQ4:

Cum 2pnuw2p2^pjwh hwJw2^wphw-jhh |wqJw|bp^mpjwh 2020 p. Jwpmh 3-h hw^hw|wh qhwhwmw^whhbph' hwJw2-^wphwjhh qpnuw2p2h|hbph ph^Q |h^w-qh 1-3%-n^ (2019 p. |wq^L t 1461 %hnh, hu| 2020 p. |wh^wmbu^mJ tp 1416-1446 ^[hnh Jwp^), hh^h hbsUwhpn^ qpnuw-2p2h|hbph Iwrnwp^n^. öw^ubph

|npnLumQ hw Jw2^wphwjhh Jwu2swpn^

||wq^ 30-50 J|pn- b^pn5:

hrnw[hwjh npn2 2p2whhbpmJ ^brnp^w-phh wp^bh ¿b^wpl^bg Jwpmh hjnipwhn-gwjhh wJpwqpm^bph 90 mn^nuQ1 ^ws-6wnb[n^ Jns 200 J[h b^pnjh ^wu: 2pn-uw2p2^pjwh JwuhwpwdhhQ hsw[hwjh <LU-mJ 13% t6, hbsUwpwp1 n[npsh 6qhw-dwJQ pwqJwp|^h t^b|rnn^ |wpn^ t L^p2 ^h^hphbp wnw2wghb[ wJpn^2 shsbunl-pjmhmJ1 hw2^h wnhb[n^ hwU wjh hwh-qwJwhfQ, np bp|pmJ n^ ^wjh qhw[n^ w6mJ t COVID-19-n^ hh^wh^hbph ph^Q, wj[U ^öwhrnJ Jwhwgnlpjwh gni.gwhh2Q (2020 p. w^ph[h 6-h s^jw^bpn^ hh^wh-^wgwöhbph Jns 12%-h 2p2whni.J wpÖw-hwqp^b[ t Jwh):

Cus npn2 qhwhwsm^bph' hmh^wphg h ^bp b^pn^w|wh qpnuw2p2^pjwh n|np-sq 2 ^[hnh qpnuw2p2hl t |npgpb[, hh^h wJuw|wh 1 ^[hwpT- b^pnjh |npmus t bhpw^pmJ7:

Cus 2pnuw2p2^pjwh U öwhw^wphnp-^mpjmhhbph hwJw2^wphwjhh ^nphp^h 2020 p. Jwpsh 13-hh |wh-

^wsbum^bph' qpnuw2p2^pjwh n|np-smJ 50 J[h w2^wswsb^ |npush ^hu|h sw| t, hh^Q |hwhqbghh w2^wswsb^b-ph 12-14%-n^ h^wqJwh, qpnuw2p2n1.pjn1.hQ |smdh 25%-n^, hh^Q hw^wuwp t hwJw2-^wphwjhh qpnuw2p2^pjwh bpbf wJu^w |npushh: 2pnuw2p2^pjwh U öwhw^wp-hnp^mpjmhhbph hwJw2^wphwjhh ^np-hmp^Q hwU ^ 2wpß wnw2wp|mpjmhhbp t hbp|wjwgpb[ bp|phbph Iwnw^wpmpjmh-hbphh öqhwdw^g hbsn wpwq ^bpw-|whqhJwh hwJwp1 ^hqwjh ^b-

dh^ ^-JmpwgJwh, hwp|wpjm2bswjhh f w-^wfw|whmpjwh hpw|whwgJwh hbs (h^wqbghb[ |wJ hwhb[ o^h, hjmpwhng-hbph U wjl hwp|bp), Jwuhw^npw^bu1

3 Unw^bL JwhpwJwuh sb'u, ^wjwhb ^n^Jwujwh, hh^hufhh tp CC qpnuw2p2^pjwh n[npmQ 2019 p4wl|wh|ih, U fih^ u^wub[ 2020 p. «Inpnhw^hpnLuwjhh hwJwmbpurnmJ». https://asue.am/amberd/publication/analytics/ what-was-the-ra-tourism-sphere-in-2019-and-what-to-wait-for-2020-in-the-coronavirus-context

4 Mnpnhw^hp^uhg qpnuw2p2^pjwh n[npmh i^wuq lwpn^ t $22 J[p^ l|wq^[, 2020, https://banks.am/am/ news/newsfeed/18645?fbclid=lwAR2_SydgY8JopucN0w7_iMGe6qTkMQQf|myaF7bKDos0JXfLraXtYNz1qpA

5 Impact assessment of the COVlD-19 outbreak on international tourism, UNWTO, 2020: https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-03/UNWT0-lmpact-Assessment-C0VlD19.pdf

6 Coronavirus: Italy's tourism industry reports "worst crisis in recent history" after outbreak, 2020: https://www. thelocal.it/20200227/coronavirus-italian-regions-warn-tourism-is-on-its-knees-after-outbreak

7 Cmh^wphh bU qpnuw2p2m.pjwh n[npsQ ^npnhw^hp^uh i^wmfiwnn^ 1 ^[hwp^ b^pn t lnpgpb[, 2020, https://news.am/arm/news/563363.html

^pwhhbp spwJwrç.pb[ phqhbuhh, hwslw-^bu' ^U"9-hbphh' qnpöwpwpnLpjwh 2w-pnLhwlwlwhnLpjnLhQ ^wh^whb|nL h^w-swln^, wgw^g^L rçbushhwghwhbphh' öwghb|n^ Jwpfbphhqh ^pw lwswp^ni öw^ubpp, bpp rçpwhp ^wspwus li^hbh hnphg Qhrç.nLhb[nL qpnuw2p2h^hbph8:

föbU qpnuw2p2mpjwh ^pw COVID-19-h pwgwuwlwh wqrç.bgnLpjwhQ, npn2 Jwuhw-qbshbp ^hrç.ni.J bh, np rç.w hhwpw^npni.-pjnLh t n|npsh hbswqw qwpqwgJwh hwJwp: Q^bppbph lsprnl h^wqbgJwh U ^ 2wpf ph^bpmpjmhhbph w2^wswhfh rç.wrç.wpbgJwh wpq.jni.hpnL J lpöws^b bh wö^wöhh bplpeuh^h wpswhbsnL^b-pp' hwhqbghb|n^ oqh U 2ph npwlh pw-pb[w^Jwh9: Uö^wöhh bplopuhqh hwJw2-^wphwjhh wpswtibsnL^ibph 5%-q pwdfih t phlhmJ qpnuw2p2mpjwhp, nph 75%-h w-nw2whmJ t spwhu^npsh hbsUwhpn^™: Uw, wh2^2m, qpwlwh wqqbgnLpjnLh lm-hbhw phwlwh nbumpuhbph ^wh^whJwh 4pw (hwrnlw^bu wjh qbushhwghwhbph qb^pmJ, npsb| qpnuw2p2hlhbph p^h hulwjwlwh w6h hbsUwhpn^ hlws^nLJ tp phwlwh nbumpuhbph npwlh ^ws-pwpwgmJ) U wqqwl lwpnq t LhhbL wJpn|2 w2^wphh hwJwp wn wjh, np qpnuw2p2m.pjwh lwjmh qwpqwgJwh pw-qwpwlwhnLpjwh hpwqnpôm^ wjiphs-pwhf ^mhh:

2020 p. ^brnp^wph 23-hh, COVID-19-h swpwöJwh hbs lw^wö, ^ Iwnw^w-pmpjmhp npn2^J phqnLhbg |wlb « uwhJwhh hpwhh hbs", hul Qhhwuswhh

pwrçwpwghhbph hwJwp |bsp^wph 1-hg ^h^U Jwpsh 31-q' lwubghb[ wqws ^h-qwjh nbdhJp12: hpwhhg ££ dwJwhwö Jwp^lwhg ph^Q 2019 p. 114811 tp, hul Qhhwurnwhhg blwöhbph ph^p' 1441613: 2018 p. dwJwhwö hpwhgh qpnuw2p2hl-hbpp lwq^L bh phqhwhnLp qpnuw2p2hl-hbph 6.8 snlnup, wjuhhfh' 112321 Jwpq, hul 2019 p.' 5.0 snlnup lwJ 94719 Jwpq: hh^bu qhsbhf, Jwpsh 21-hg hpwhgh-hbpp h2^J bh Ln^pmqp, U wjq dwJwhw-lwhws^wömJ, un^npwpwp, ^öwhmJ tp hpwhgh qpnuw2p2hlhbph hnupp <wj wu-swh:

2pnuw2p2wjhh qnpöwlwLmpjmhhbpp h2ni.J bh, np, ^wjJwhw^np^wö COVID-19-n^, ^2wqqwjhh qpnuw2p2hlhbpp |b-spp^wphg h ^bp ^b^wplb[ bh <wjwusw-hh hjmpwhngwjhh shsbumpjwh opjbls-hbpmJ hpbhg lnq^g hw^opnp lwswp-^wö wJpwqpnL^bpp Jwps-w^phL U hmj-hhul hbswqw w^uhbph hwJwpi4:

« lwnw^wpmpjwh hwJw^wswu-^wh npn2JwJp 2020 p. Jwpsh 16-h dwJp 18:30-hg ^h^U hmjh p^wlwhh w^ph|.h 14-h dwJp 17:00-h ^p bplpmJ hwjsw-pwp^bg wpswlwpq qpnLpjnLh^: Uju^h= un^' wpqb[^bg « ^bswlwh uwhJwhh pn|np whgwlbsbpn^ ££ pwqwpwghnL-pjmh ^mhbgn^ wjh whöwhg Jmsfp « swpwöf, npnhf « bh Jmsp qnpömJ ^w-pbsh npn2JwJp uwhJwh^wö hwJwöwpw-lwpwhwlwh [wp^wö hpw^höwl mhbgn^ bplphbph gwhlmJ hbpwn^wö bplphb-phg, lwJ Jmsf qnpöb|ni.h hw^np^n^ 14

8 Coronavirus puts up to 50 million Travel and Tourism jobs at risk says WTTC, 2020: https://www.wttc.org/about/ media-centre/press-releases/press-releases/2020/coronavirus-puts-up-to-50-million-travel-and-tourism-jobs-at-risk-says-wttc

9 Isabelle Durant, Tourism - A life line in free fall, 2020: https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx7OriginalVer-sionID=2312

10 Transport-related CO2 emissions of the tourism sector, Modelling results, UNWTO, 2019, p. 11, https:// www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284416660

11 hpwhh hbs uwhJwhp i^wl l^w ^ih^U Jwpsh 24-q, 2020, https://banks.am/am/news/newsfeed/18661

12 2 wJun^ lwubg^^J t Qhhwuswhh pw^wpwghhbph hwJwp « Jmsgh 4hqwjh wqws nbdfiJQ, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/aZ30410182.html

13 «<wjwuswhh <whpw^bsmpjwh unghw[-shsbuwlwh ^h^wlp 2019 p. hmh^wp-^blsbJpbphh», t2 256, https://www.armstat.am/file/article/sv_12_19a_6200.pdf

14 Mnpnhw^hp^uh ^wsfiwnn^ b^pn^wgh hwqwpw^np qpnuw2p2hlhbp ¿bi^wplb[ bh hwjwuswhjwh hjm-pwhnghbpmJ Jwps-wi^phlh hwJwp wp^wö wJpwqpm^bpp, 2020, https://www.tert.am/am/news/2020/02/29/ cancellation/3224005

15 « lwnw^wpmpjwh npn2ni.J, 16 Jwpsh 2020, 298-L, <wjwuswhh <whpw^bsmpjmhmJ wpswlwpq ^pmpjmh hwjswpwpb[m Jwuhh, https://www.e-gov.am/gov-decrees/item/33564/7fbclid=IwAR00jM_nHx-8p74lNxfEdItbpOOgAFu9aeZqpH-74o8FZK6dLkKv7WOgHTew

op^w pbpwgfrnd qrnb^b bb wj^. bplpbb-pni.d, pwgwnmpjwdp1 ^.h^wbwqhmwlwb bbplwjwgnLg^nLpjnibbbph, hjni^wmnuw-lwb hh^wplbbph U ^2wqqwjhb lwq-dwlbp^nLpjnLbbbph bbplwjwgrngh^bbph U bpwbg pbswbhfbbph wb^.w^bph, wjb ^.b^fbph, bpp ^wpbmh npn2dwdp, hw2^h wnbb[n^ wj^ bplpbbpmd hwdw6wpwlw-jhb hpw^.pnLpjwb hpw^h^wlp, pnLjiwmpp-^md t wj^ gwblrnd bbpwn^wS bplpbb-phg wbSwbg drnrnf q.np&b|p, U ^wpbmh npn2dwdp' wjl wnwbdbwhwmnLl ^.b^fb-ph16:

<w2^h wnbb[n^ ^bpnb2jw[ qwpqwgmd-bbpp1 npn2 w^hwpb^bpmpjmbbbp npn2ni.d bb ^wjwgpb[ dwdwbwlw^npw^bu ^b-^wplb hpbbg In^^g n-b^h ^ u ^.rnpu ^ 2wpf nL^nLpjnibbbph u^wuwp-Irndp (wdpn^wlwb gwblhb lwpn^ bf SwbnpwbwL h^dwdp)^:

L2bbf, np wjuop w2^wphh pwqdwph^ bplpbbp bb w^prnd U qnp&rnd wpmw^wpq hpw^wlih ^wjdwbbbpnid uwh-

dwbbbpb wjl bplpbbph fw^wfwghbbph dmmfh hwdwp, U w^hwpblbpmpjmbbbpQ ^b^wplmd bb ^^bppbpp ^ 2wpf bplpp-bbprnd:

COVID-19-n^ ^wjdwbw^np^wS1 ^2wq-qwj hb oLhd^hwlwb In^mbh npn2dwdp wdwnwjhb oLhd^hwlwb ^w^bpp, npnbf ^bmf t wbglwg^bhb Snlhnjmd1 2020 p. hni^huh 24-hg oqnumnuh 9-p, ^l mwpn^ hbrnwdq^bghbi®: Lmjb lbp^, Hhb&U-h n-pn2dwdp b^pn^wjh ^nmipnLh 2020 p. wnw2-bmpjmbp hbrnwdq^bg ^l mwpn^ U lwbg-Iwg^h 2021 p. hmbhuh 11-hg hnnhuh 11-q1®: Uw bbpw^pmd t u^npmwjhb qpnuw2pp-2hlbbph p^h twlwb lp6wmmd 2020 p.:

hhwplb, hwdw^wpwlh' qpnuw2p2m-pjwb nLnpmh i^wubbpp lpmd bb hwdw2-^wphwjhb pbnLjp, U <wjwurnwbp ^h lw-pn^ qbp& ^wl wj^ w^bhg:

U.2^wphh ^ 2wpf bplpbbp wp^bb npn2wlh ^2ngwim^bp bb bw^wdbn-bbL COVID-19-h hbmUwbfn^ wnw2wgw& mbmbuwlwb 6qbwdwdp hwqpwhwpbLni. b^wmwln^:

Uju^bu1 hmwLhwjh Iwnw^wpnLpjnibQ, wnw2bwjhb hwdwpbLn^ w2^wmnqbbph ^w2m^wbmpjmbQ, ^bmf t ^6wph bpwbg w2^wmw^wp5bph80%-Q: ^hwdwdwbwl, bplhpp 500 ^Lhnb b^pnjh hh^w^pwd t pwgbf ^bpwlwbqbbLm w^hwghnb wp^jni.-

bwpbpmpjwb U «Alitalia»-h lpw& i^wubb-pp:

<nblnbqp qpnuw2p2^pjwb ninprnrnd phqbbuh 2wpmbwlwlwbmpjmbb w^whn-^ni. b^wmwln^ umbq&b t qpnuw2p2w-jhb qnpSwlwLmpjmbbbph hwlwhwdw6w-pwlwjhb umpuh^w^npdwb hh^w^pwd, nph ^2ngn^ dnm 1350 qpnuw2p2wjhb 2ngwnm^bp ^hbwbuw^nprnd bb umwgbL: 3mpwfwb^jmp qpnuw2p2wjhb qnp&wlw-Lmpjmb lwpn^ t umwbwL 80000 U^L ^nLwph ^wb^wq Lpwhwmlwgmd, U qpn-uw2p2wjhb qnpSwlwLmpjmbbbph 98%-p qpwbg^bL t ^^wpdwb hwdwp:

U^uspwLhwjmd bbp^p^bL t 10,3 ^Lh" wp^ ^nLwp wpdn^mpjwdp ^pwbdwb 6pw-qhp, hb^^bu bwU bw^wmbu^bL t wnw2h-lw ^bg wdu^w pbpwgfmd Sw^ubL Lpw-gmgh^ 38,3 ^hwpT- ^nLwp, npnbg 2p2w-bwlmd Iwnw^wpnLpjnibQ ^wprnw^np^bL t 613 ^Lhnb U^L ^nLwpn^ w2wlgbL wjb nLnpmbbphb (bbpwnjwL qpnuw2p2^pj^bp), 2p2wbbbphb U hwdwjbfbbphb, npnbf wb-hwdw^w^ wq^bgmpjmb bb lpbL 4hpm-uhg:

ipwbuhwb urnb^SbL t <w^pw2^m-pjwb hh^w^pwd1 2 ^Lhwp^ b^pnjh ^w-^n^, nphb lwpn^ bb n-h^L qpnuw2p2^pjwb pwqdwph^ pblbp^pj^bbbp, npnbf pw^w-pwpmd bb hbmUjwL ^w^wbh2bbphb. phq-bbubbp, npnbg qnpSmbbmpjmbQ ^wl^bL t

16 « Iwnw^wpmpjwb 2020 p. Jwpmh 16-h N 298-L npn2dwb hw^bL^wd. https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/ decrees/kar/2020/298%D5%AF%D6%85%D5%BC%D6%85%D5%B6.pdf

17 Upswlwpq hpw^hSwln^ ^wjJwbw^np^wd' npn2 w^hwpblbpmpjmbbbp npn2mJ bb IwjwgpbL dwdwbwlw^npw^bu ¿bqwplbL hpbbg In^^g ^b^h ^^ U ^^-hg ^^pu npn2 m^^mpjmbbbph u^wuwplmdp, 2020. https://www.gov.am/am/news/item/14135/

I" Tokyo 2020 Olympic torch relay postponed, 2020. https://www.olympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-olympic-torch-re-lay-postponed

19 UEFA postpones EURO 2020 by 12 months, 2020: https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/news/025b-0ef-35fa07210-adb80b5eb2e7-1000--uefa-postpones-euro-2020/?iv=true

(hh^wlwlniJ ^bpwpbprnJ t ullqh n[np-shl (npnlf 160,000 bl), n^ ^wpblwj hl wnUsphl (140,000), qpnuw2p2m.pjwlp (100,000)), ^U9-tlbp, npnlf 2019 p^w-lwlh Jwpsh hw^Jws InpgpbL bl 2p2w-lwnnLpjnLlp 70%-n^, U 1 b^pnj fig

fh£ 2p2wlwnnLpjnil rnlbgnq ^U9-lbp:

hu^wlhwjh Iwnw^wpnLpjnilp hwjsw-pwpb[ t qpnuw2p2wjhl n[nprnh pl^bpm-pjmllbphl (lbpwnjwL spwlu^npswjhl pl^bpmpjmllbpp, swfuhlbpp, hjrnpw-lnglbpp, nbusnpwllbpp, w^sn^fblw-ibph ^wpdnLjph pllbpnLpjnillbpp, qpnuw-2p2wjfl qnpSw^wLmpjmllbpp, pwlqw-pwllbpp U wj[l) 400 b^pnjh $h-

lwluw^nprnJ hwm^wglb[m Jwuhl (hu-^wlfwjh ^w2snlw^wl ^wp^wjhl hlu-shsnLsh ICO-h bpw2^hfn^): Uh2nglbpp qnpSmJ bl np^bu 4 swp^w ^wpl, $hfu-snlnuwqpnijfn^ (wnw^bLwqmjIp1 1.5%), nph qb^frnJ ICO-l bpw2^w^npmJ t ^wp^wjhl ^wqJw^bp^mpjmllbphl' h-pblg hw6w^npqlbph nfu^h 50%-f ¿w^n^: Mwnw^wpnLpjnilp IwU 200 ^Lhwpq b^pn-jh ^wpbp t qnp6wp^b[, npp loqlh pllb-pnLpjnillbphl ^w2m^wlb[m w2^wsnq-lbphl U 6qlwdw^g snirfwS Jjnw ^ngb[h ^dpbphl:

^npsmqwLhwjh Iwnw^wpmpjnLtlp 5bn-lwplb t w^bih fwl 30 lw^wfibnlmpjml1 mqq^wS w2^wrnnqlbph ^w2s^wlmpjw-lp U COVID-19-h slsbuwlwl wqqbgnL-pjwl ^qJJwlp1 hwplwpjni^bswjhl «plq-U hpwg^bLhmpjwl lbpwpl-JwJp: Mwnw^wpmpjmlp hwsnil 2b2sw-qpb t 6wlw^wphnpqnLpjwl U qpnuw-2p2nLpjwl nLnprnp1 usbq&bLn^ 60 ^[hnl b^pnjh ^wp^wjhl qh& n[nprnh ^Ipnphq-lbulbph hwJwp U hwJwqnp6w^gb[n4 «Turismo de Portugal»-! hbrn' wqqwjhl lw-pnqnLpjnLllbpp hwJwp20:

«-ni.J 2020 p. Jwpsh 16-hl <wjwusw-lh hjmpwlnglbph wunghwghwl qh^g ^ ^wnw^wpmpjwlp1 hwp^wjhl ^wpsw^n-pmpjmllbph lwswpni.Jp hbrnw5qb[m ^lqpwlfn^2': Pwgh wjq, «SrnphqJ Up^-lhw» wunghwghwl Uu qh^L t Iwnw^w-pmpjwlp1 wnw2wpl^n^ Sbnlwplb npn-2w^h ^2nglbp, Jwulw^npw^bu1 pl^bpm-pjnillbph w2^wrnw^hglbph w2^wrnw-^wpSwjhl ^nlqh 2/3-h ^w^n^ qmJwph umpuhqw^npmJ4 wi^iu dwdlbsn^ 2019 p. S^JWL ^wqJw^bp^mpjwl ^6wpw& 2whnL-pwhwplh hw2^hl (wnwlg qbpwqwlgb-LnL 2019 p. ^Swp^wS/^Swp^bLhf 2whmpw-hwp^h swpb^wl qmJwpp, hl^p lwU ^pw-^muJwl ^2ng t wpqjmlw^brn U pwpb-^h^^ w2^wrnnq pl^bpmpjmllbph hwJwp), hwp^wjhl opbluqpfn^ uwhJwl^wS' u.p. w^phLh 20-hl ^^wpJwl blpw^w 2whmpwhwp^h qmJwph ^^wpJwl ^bp2-lwdwJ^brnh hbrnwSqmJ (wnl^wql 4 w-^u dwJ^brnn^) ^wJ dwJwlw^wgmjgh ^lfmJ' hbrnwSqbLn^ hwp^bph ^^wpJwl ^bp2lwdwJ^brnp, hl^^bu lwU ^lqpbin^ ^wnw^wpmpjwl ^2lnpqmpjmlp pwl-^wjhl U 4wpl|wjhtl ^wqJw^bp^mpjml-lbphl1 ^wplwjhl ^wprnw^npmpjmllbph ^6wpJwl dwJwlwlwgmjgh hbrnwSqJwl hwpgmJ (^l^U 4 w^u dwJlbrnn^): h ^wrnwu^wl1 « Iwnw^wpmpjmll wJL' ^wulwlwl LnL&nL^bp t wnw2wplbL22:

« Iwnw^wpmpjmlp 2020 p. Jwpsh 26-h lhusmJ hwuswsbg COVID-19-h hb-sUwlflbph hwlwqqJwl ^2ngwnm^b-ph hwJw^wp^wl 6pwqhpp23 U slsb-uwlwl hbsUwlflbph ^bqnfwgJwl ^2n-gwnm^bph 5 ^wpbplbpp, Jwpsh 30-hl hwusws^bg Uu 3 ^wpbp, w^phLh 2-hl' ^l ^wpbp24:

^wlh np COVID-19-h hbsUwlfn^ w^-^wup lpmJ bl ^U9-lbpp, wlqpw-

20 Covid-19 Related Policy Shifts Supportive of Travel & Tourism Sector, 2020: https://www.wttc.org/government-ad-

2' <wjwurnwlh hjmpwlnglbph wunghwghwl qh^L t ^hlnL ^w2hljwlhl, 2020. https://hraparak.am/ post/91f2d3f666bd893c51511ef60bed4239/

22 2pnuw2p2wjhl pllbpmpjmllbpp IpfiwrnmJ bl w2^wrnnqlbphl, mqwplmJ wpfiwlmpq. wlhpwdb2s t, np qnpdwqhpp swppbp^nq l^S^J qslh w^lw2wrnp rnmdwd wju nLnpsh hwJwp. «SmphqJ Up^lhw» wunghwghwjh lw^wqwh, 2020, https://www.tert.am/am/news/2020/03/23/tourism/3243328

23 « Iwnw^wpmpjwl 2020 p. Jwpsh 26-h N 354 - L npn2Jwl hw^bL^wd. https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/ decrees/kar/2020/03/354-%D4%BC.pdf

24 Mwnw^wpmpjwl npn2m^bp, https://www.e-gov.am/gov-decrees/calendar/2020/04/

ГШПЬШЬ^ Lшnшl.шгnLP.Jшh ф2пдшт|Л-bbrlg LfbLIb, nrl bцшmшLb t oqbb[ hb-mU^L n[nrmbbr| ФЦ'Э-ЬЬГ^ d2шLnт ШГ-rjnL^pbrnLpjnib, LшgmpJшb b hшbгшJ|b ubbrl LшqdшLЬгщnlД фп^ш^т^Ьг b цшhЬumшJ|b mbmbumpjmb, qpnuш2Г2ш-j|b öшnшJmpJmbbЬг, uщшuшгLdшh шд ôaiimynLpjnLtitibr, шllПlT2шu|шhnLpJnLtl: Сш-hmnni. Ф^Э-bbrl 2r2wbwim.pjni.bp 2019 p. ^bmp t Lшqdшö |_|b| hlшqшqnLJhp 24 J[b r^d, шnшlb|шqnLJhp, 500 d|b r^d, m-ЬЬЬшЬ pшгlnf b hшгLшJ|b

цшmdmpJmb: OdшbrшL^PJ^bp mгшdш-rrlb[m t ЪЬгггт^Ьг| ш2шLgdшb Lbbm-rnb| ^gngnl, |uL ImrLbrl u^mumrLdmb qnгöшLшLbЬг Lhшbr|uшbшb pшbLЬгp b 1Ш^Ш]|Ь LшqdшLЬгчmPJmbbЬгp: 4ШГ-Lbrp mгшdшrгlЬLm bb hЬmbJШL ubrl |гшLшbшgdшb hщшmшLnl, Ш2^ш-mшL|gbЬг|b ш2^шmшlшгö b ггшЬ hш-1шишгЬд1ш6 шд 1бшгт^Ьг Опфшрш!-упф Ш2^шmшLg| rb4fmd' n¿ шфф, рш! шduшLшb 300000 r^d1 шnшlb|шqnLJhp brbf шdulш hшdшг), щЬmшLшh Lшd hш-dшJbf| pjni^b hшгLЬг|, mni^fbrl b щшг-mшrlг 16ШГЬЬГ| ^шгтЛЬГ шпш1Ь-imqnLjbp brbf шdulш hшdшг, hrndfl

qbmd b bbrdmômd, hшbгшJ|b бшпш] nL-

pjmbbbrl 1бшг^^Ьг, lшгÖшLшLшLшb 16ШГЬЬГ: 4Ш^ЬГ! dшdLЬmp 36 шфи t, ШПШ2|Ь 6 шdumd l^rLl dшгnLd ¿l mbulmd, ^L mhmЬuшlшгnт umpjbLm| #rLl шnшlb|шqnLJh ¿шфp 50 d|b rгшd t (pшJg n¿ ш1Ь[|, рш! lbr2|b|u 2019 p. 2Г2шbшnmpJшb 10%-p), mnLnubbrp1 шпш=

2|b b brLrnrr mшг|bЬг|b, 0%, Ьггпгг

ШШГ^ 12%25:

hhшгLЬ, rbi 1шт t humшL qbшhшmЬL, pb пг£шЬп1 pшlшгшг LLlbbb 1Ьгп^2|Ш[ ф2ngшlm^Ьгp qpnuш2Г2ШJ|b n|nrm| LшqdшLЬгчmPJmbbЬг| hшdшг, b pb lbr-2|bbbr|u ^шup пгрш! LLшqф:

bpb pum 2<4 bш^bшLшb qbшhшmш-Lшtl|, ЬШЬ «-md шгöшbшqгl| qpnuш=

2r2lLbbrI pll blmqmd 1-3%-| ¿шфпф шщш гш LLшqф 18.944-56.831 qpnuш-2r2lL (2019 p. « ЬЬ^Ьш 1.894.377 qpn-uш2Г2lLbЬг| pll 1-3%-p): UшLшJb, ШJu Lшb^шmЬum^ шг1Ь[ t Ш]! dшdшhшL, brp rbi Ф 2ШГР brLrbbr ¿tlb ш!дЬ[ ШГ-mшLшгq rrnLP^b b шdpnт2 ^Ibrpbrp ¿brçmrLlwô ¿tlb: HLUS|, ЬЬ^Ш ЩШ^ШЬЬЬГШЛ qpnuш2Г2lLbЬг| plm^-t^Ll 1-3% ш^т^ LшгЬL| tr hшdшгЬL ¿шпшд фn£ГшqnLJbp, пг 2019 p.

шпш2|Ь b brLrnrr ЬnшduJшLbЬг^d « t bLb 770055 qpnuш2Г2lL, b ш1Ь[| 1ш-mшmЬuшLшb ugЬbшг| цшгшqшJmd ^bf Lшгn^. bbf !21ш6 plшfшbшL| 1;ш-Lшb Lгбшmmd mbЬbшL 2020 p. hшdшr: Cum qpnuш2Г2mPJшb n[nrml щшшш^ ^шbшmmbЬг|, 2020 p. шпш2|! b^du-jmLmd ЬШ^ПГГ ШШГ1Ш bmjb d■шdшbшLш= hшmlшö| hbm hm^dmmmô 2тГ2 175000 qpnuш2Г2lL ^l ш]дЬ[Ь[ <ШJШumшb26, |UL pb brLrnrr ЬnшduJшLmd Ьш^пгг №шг-1ш hbm hшЛdшmшà qpnuш2Г2lLbЬг| plm^^Lb Lblшq|, Lш^lшö t

mjb pmblg, pb hшdш2^шгhшJ|b dmu2mm-pnl ПГРШ! шгшq Lhш2n^l| Lшb^ЬL 1ш-ГшL| mшгшömdp, b brp Lpшglbb фшL uшhdшbbЬгb m LlЬгшLшbqblЬb £lbr-pbrp: hhшгLЬ шb|dшum t ш]г шЛb|g hbmn шLbLшLЬL qpnuш2Г2lLbЬг| pl^-fшbшL| 2шш шгшq bbrhnuf, muml n[nr-S| qшгqшgdшb mbd^brl lbrшLшbq-bm^ ш1Ь[| ГШ^ГШТ. LLшmшгl|:

L2bbf ЬшЬ, nr 2019 p. шпш2|! b brLrnrr ЬnшdujшLbЬгmd ьь^ьш qpnuш-2r2lLbbrl öш^uшö qmdшгb pum 1бшгш-j lb hш2lЬL2l| Lшq^L t 532 d[b U^L rn-[шг, шпш2|ь ЬnшduJшLmd, 253.8 d|b rn-[шг27: bpb 2019 p. шпш2|! ЬnшduJшLmd ^L qpnuш2Г2lLI йш^шб ^2lb 696 rn-[шгп1 ha^lwrLbbp, шцш Lшгnт bbf шыЬ[, nr 2020 p. шпш2|Ь ЬnшduJшL^d 175000 ^jgb|mô qpnuш2Г2lLIg umшglnт. hbш-гшфг qmdшгp 121.8 d[b гп[шг LLшq-

25 « 2020 p. di^rml 26-l N 357 - L nrn2dub hulb[luô. https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/ decrees/kar/2020/357-%D4%BC.pdf

26 <ujuumubp Л0 фп^Ьг t Lnr9rb[. 175 000 qpnuu2rglL LurnT tlb q^[, pшJд ¿bb bLb[, 2020, https://arme-niasputnik.am/tourism/20200330/22569158/hayastan-zbosashrjik-175-000-koronavirus.html

27 « IfiuriMjlb hu2lbL2li, Urmuplb humluôl l|бшLшqгmpJmb, https://www.cba.am/am/SitePages/statex-

ternalsector.aspx

^p, rnurnh 2020 p. wnw2hb bnwdujwlnLd wpqbb hul wjqfwb qnidwph Inpnwrn bbf nibbgbL:

<ni.uwbf, np swpwödwb rnbd-

^bpp Ib^wqbb k ^bqhpp lni.bbbw lwp-öwdwdlbrn pbnLjp m qpnuw2p2wjhb ^hl ubqnb hwdwp^nq wdnwb w^ubbphb wpqbb ^bqhpbbp ^bb Lh^h k n[nprnp luluh wurnhöwbwpwp w2^mdw^wL: Ujq qb^-

fmd i^iwuh ^w^b wjqfwb ^ö ^h Lhbh ^w-Iwnwl qb^fmd, bpb hpw^h^wlb w^b-Lh up^h k bp^wph, <wjwurnwbni.d ^bp2hb swphbbphb wpwq rnbd^bpn^ qwpqwgnq qpnuw2p2ni.pjwb ^nprnp, nph hwdw^wnb wqqbgrn.pjni.bp <LU-md 14% t, Iwpnq t hwjrnb^b Lmp2 öqbwdwdwjhb hpw^h^w-lni.d, htyp pwqdwpl^h t^b^rnn^ Iwqqh mbmbunLpjwb wjl nLnpmbbph 4pw ku:

1. Iiprnwl|wpq hpw^höw^n^ uiwjdwbwi^np-i^wö npn2 wi^hwpblbpnLpjnLbbbp npn2^d bb lwjwgpb[ d"wdwbwlw^npwu|bu $bqwplb|_ hpbbg Inqi^ig qbn|h ^ k <<-hg qmpu npn2 nLqqnLpjnLbbbph u^wuwplmdp, 2020, https://www.gov.am/ am/news/item/14135/

2. 9-wjwbb Q-ni^dwujwb, hb^u|hu|ib tp ^ qpnuw2p2nLR|wti n|npmp 2019 pi^wlwb|ib k h> u^wub| 2020 p. «Inpnbw^hp^uwjhb hwdwmbfummd», https://asue.am/amberd/ publication/analytics/what-was-the-ra-tour-ism-sphere-in-2019-and-what-to-wait-for-2020-in-the-coronavirus-context

3. 2pnuw2pgwjhb pblbpmpjmbbbpp lp6w-mmd bb w2^iwmnqbbphb, mqwplmd wpöwlmpq. wbhpwdb2rn t, np qnpöwqhpp rnwppbpi^nq [mömd qsbh w^bw2wmp mmdwö wju n|npmh hwdwp. «SnLphqd Up^bhw» wunghwghwjh bw^iwqwh, 2020, https://www.tert.am/am/ news/2020/03/23/tourism/3243328

4. hpwbh hbs uwhdwbp i|iwl l^w i^ib^k dwpsh 24-p, 2020, https://banks.am/am/ news/newsfeed/18661

5. Hwnwi^wpnLpjwb npn2^^bp, https://ww-w.e-gov.am/gov-decrees/calendar/2020/04/

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

6. Hnpnbw^hpnwhg qpnuw2p2^pjwb n|npmh i^iwup Iwpnq t $22 d|pq Iwqi^L, 2020, https://banks.am/am/news/newsfeed/186457f-bclid=IwAR2_SydgY8JopucN0w7_iMGe6qTk-MQQfJmyaF7bKDos0JXfLraXtYNz1qpA

7. Hnpnbw^hpnwh ^wmfiwnn^ bi^pnuiwgh hwqwpw^np qpnuw2pghlbbp ^bqwplb bb hwjwurnwbjwb hjmpwbngbbpmd dwprn-wuiphLh hwdwp wp^wö wdpwqpm^bpp, 2020, https://www.tert.am/am/ news/2020/02/29/cancellation/3224005

8. <wjwumwbh hjmpwbngbbph wunghwghwb qh^L t Lhln ^w2hbjwbhb, 2020, https://hraparak.am/post/91f2d3f666bd-893c51511ef60bed4239

9. <wjwurnwbp iftiö i|inqbp t InpgpbL. 175

000 qpnuw2pghl Iwpnq thb qwL, pwjg ^bb blbL, 2020, https://armeniasputnik.am/tour-ism/20200330/22569158/hayastan-zbosashr-jik-175-000-koronavirus.html

10. « Iwaw^wpmpjwb npn2^d, 16-p dwpsh, 2020, 298-L, <wjwumwbh <wbpw^bmmpjmbmd wpswlwpq qpmpjmb hwjmwpwpbLm dwuhb, https:// www.e-gov.am/gov-decrees/item/33564/7fb-clid=IwAR00jM_nHx8p74lNxfEdItbp00gA-Fu9aeZqpH-74o8FZK6dLkKv7W0gHTew

11. « Iwaw^wpmpjwb 2020 p. dwpsh 16-h N 298-L npn2dwb hw^bL^wö, https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/decrees/ kar/2020/298%D5%AF%D6%85%D5%B-C%D6%85%D5%B6.pdf

12. « Iwaw^wpmpjwb 2020 p. dwpsh 26-h N 354-L npn2dwb hwi^bL^wö, https://www.e-gov.am/u_files/file/decrees/ kar/2020/03/354-%D4%BC.pdf

13. « Iwaw^wpmpjwb 2020 p. dwpsh 26-h N 357-L npn2dwb hw^bL^wö, https://ww-w.e-gov.am/u_files/file/decrees/kar/2020/357-%D4%BC.pdf

14. « ^öwpwjhb hw2^bl2h^, Upswfhb hwm^wöh ^h^wlwqpmpjmb, https://www. cba.am/am/SitePages/statexternalsector.aspx

15. <mb^wphb b^ qpnuw2pg^pjwb nLnprnp Inpnbwi^hpnwh ^wmfiwnn^ 1 ^Lhwpq b^pn t InpgpbL, 2020, https://news.am/arm/ news/563363.html

16. 2 wduni^ Iwubg^md t 2hbwumwbh fwqwfwghbbph hwdwp « dmmfh i^hqwjh wqws Qbdhdp, 2020, https://www. azatutyun.am/a/30410182.html

17. ARMENIA, 2019 ANNUAL RESEARCH: KEY HIGHLIGHTS, World Travel and Tourism Council, https://www.wttc.org/economic-im-pact/country-analysis/country-data/

18. Coronavirus: Italy's tourism industry reports 'worst crisis in recent history' after outbreak, 2020, https://www.thelocal.it/20200227/coro-navirus-italian-regions-warn-tourism-is-on-its-

knees-after-outbreak

19. Coronavirus puts up to 50 million Travel and Tourism jobs at risk says WTTC, 2020, https://www.wttc.org/about/media-centre/ press-releases/press-releases/2020/coronavi-rus-puts-up-to-50-million-travel-and-tourism-j obs-at-risk-says-wttc

20. Covid-19 Related Policy Shifts Supportive of Travel & Tourism Sector, 2020, https://www. wttc.org/government-advice/

21. Impact assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak on international tourism, UNWTO, 2020, https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws. com/s3fs-public/2020-03/UNWT0-Impact-As-sessment-COVID19.pdf

22. Isabelle Durant, Tourism - A life line in free

fall, 2020, https://unctad.org/en/pages/news-details.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2312

23. Tokyo 2020 Olympic torch relay postponed, 2020, https://www.olympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-olympic-torch-relay-postponed

24. Transport-related CO2 emissions of the tourism sector, Modelling results, UNWTO, 2019, p. 11, https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/ pdf/10.18111/9789284416660

25. TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT

2019, WORLD, https://www.wttc.org/econom-ic-impact/country-analysis/country-data/

26. UEFA postpones EURO 2020 by 12 months,

2020, https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/ news/025b-0ef35fa07210-adb80b5eb2e7-1000--uefa-postpones-euro-2020/?iv=true

ГАЯНЕ ТОВМАСЯН

Старший исследователь исследовательского центра «Амберд», АГЭУ, кандидат экономических наук

ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ СОУЮ-19 НА СФЕРУ ТУРИЗМА: МИР И АРМЕНИЯ

Число туристов в Армении в последние годы увеличивается. В статье представлено потенциальное негативное влияние С0УЮ-19 на туризм в Армении и других странах, обсуждались меры, предпринятые рядом стран и Арменией по смягчению потенциальных негативных последствий С0УЮ-19, были также сделаны некоторые предварительные прогнозы.

Ключевые слова: туризм, кризис, полет, COVID-19

GAYANE TOVMASYAN

Senior Researcher at AMBERD Research Center, ASUE,

PhD in Economics

THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM SPHERE: WORLD AND ARMENIA

The number of tourists in Armenia has been increasing in recent years. The article presents the potential negative impact of COVID-19 on tourism sphere in Armenia and in other countries was presented, the measures taken by a number of countries and Armenia to mitigate the potential negative effects of COVID-19 were discussed, and some preliminary predictions were done.

Keywords: tourism, crisis, flight, COVID-19

i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.