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УДК 81:821.222.8
Nizomiddinova Rukhsora Abdujamilovna,
applicant of the department of Arabic language grammar of the SEI "KhSU
named after acad. B. Gafurov"
TRADITION OF COMPOSING PREFACES TO DICTIONARIES IN PERSIAN-TAJIK LEXICOGRAPHY ON THE EXAMPLE OF "DONISH-NAME" BY QADARKHON
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the prefaces of seven interpretation dictionaries of the Tajik language appertaining to 11th - 15th centuries in relation to the criticism of proceeding dictionaries and explication of linguistic ideas contained in the formers.
Keywords:
history of the Tajik lexicography referring to 11th - 15th centuries, interpretation dictionaries,
peculiarities of prefaces.
Низомиддинова Рухсора Абдуджамиловна,
соискатель кафедры грамматики арабского языка ГОУ "ХГУ
имени академика Б. Гафурова"
ТРАДИЦИЯ СОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДИСЛОВИЙ К СЛОВАРЯМ В ПЕРСИДСКО-ТАДЖИКСКОЙ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ «ДОНИШ-НАМЕ» КАДАРХОНА
Аннотация
Проанализированы предисловия к семи толковым словарям таджикского языка XI-XV веков в отношении имеющейся в них критики предшествущих словарей и в изложении лингвистических мыслей.
Ключевыее слова:
история таджикской лексикографии XI-XV вв., толковые словари, особенности предисловий.
Introduction
Initializing of dictionaries with a preface is considered to be one of the long-standing traditions in the history of Persian-Tajik lexicography. Commonly, in the preface, the authors of dictionaries after praising a person to whom the dictionary is dedicated mentioned his full name. Namely, the author of the book indicates the reason for the creation of the dictionary, its purpose and task, sources in question, ways and methods of placing dictionary items and considerations beset with the previous ones.
The object of the study is to dwell on the tradition of composing prefaces to dictionaries in Persian-Tajik lexicography on the example of "Donish-Name" by Qadarkhon in relation to the criticism of proceeding dictionaries and explication of linguistic ideas.
The aims of the study are:
- to elicit the role and status of the preface of "Donish-Name" by Qadarkhon;
- to correlate the actualness of the theme explored with MTLL (Modern Tajik Literary Language);
- to consider certain distinctive peculiarities of the theme explored.
Scientific novelty
The article under consideration dwells on the analysis beset with the tradition of composing prefaces
HAyHHbIM WyPHAfl « IN SITU »
ISSN (p) 2411-7161 / ISSN (e) 2712-9500
№6 / 2023
to dictionaries in Persian-Tajik lexicography on the example of "Donish-Name" by Qadarkhon in Tajik lexicographic studies, for the first time.
Book review
Our factual material is the following interpretation dictionary entitled as "Donish-Name Kadarkhon" and sentences from these dictionaries which are cited to prove our opinions and statements in certain cases. Methodology
In order to make our study convincible a visual method of research was used; at the same time, comparative-historical methods, synchronic and diachronic analysis were resorted to as well. The main part
The actualness of the corpus of our study lies in the fact that prefaces of the initial period of Persian-Tajik lexicography in general have not yet been a subject to special consideration. It is difficult to express a specific opinion dealing with the prevalence or absence of prologue writing in pre-Islamic Tajik dictionaries due to the scarcity of materials from the relevant eras that have preserved up to nowadays. In any case, scholars in lexicographic studies who are directly engaged in the analysis and research of pre-Islamic lexicography have not said a word about the former in question.
It is very difficult to express particular opinion concerned with the existence of preface "Donish-Name" by Qadarkhon because it has not preserved for the present time. Qadarkhon affords to conclude that compiled a brief commentary of about 300 words for a personal use in the form of an appendix which was later published and according to S.I. . Baevsky "... the former in question did not have an internal structure" [10, p.25]. In other words, since there was no principle observed in the recording lexical items and it was not intended for readers it might not need a preface logically.
Discussion
It is common knowledge that in the first period of the Tajik-Persian lexicography appertaining to 11th
- 15th centuries, all dictionaries ("Lughati furs", "Sihoh-ul-furs", "Majmuat-ul-furs", "Meyori Jamoli", "Farhangi Fakhri Qavvos", "Donishnomai Qadarkhon") are witnessing ones. As far as we are concerned, the first un-witnessing dictionary is "Adot-ul-fuzalo" by Qozikhon Badr Muhammad Dehlavi, which was written in India, in 1419 [10, p.63].
The same situation can be observed in the preface of the dictionary referred to as "Donishnomai Qadarkhon" which is not so large. After praising, the author adduces his full name (Ashraf ibn Sharaf al-muzakkir al-foruqi as-sokin bi-l-misri al-ma'rufati bi chandiri), explains the reason for the formation of the work and praises Qadarkhan ibn Zufarkhon almost to the end of the preface. In the last two-three pages of the preface al-Faruqi mentions the history of the compilation of the dictionary, its name, certain structural specifications, such as the occurrence of names of months and days in one place without observing the alphabet, and the number of chapters of the dictionary [8, p.2a-2b].
Adducing the results of the conducted analysis beset with prefaces of lexicography referring to 11th -15th centuries one can come to the conclusions that the authors of some dictionaries of 11th - 15th centuries
- "Farhangi Qavvos", "Dastur-ul-afozil" and "Donish-Name Qadarkhon" did not speak about their works backgrounds in the preface, it is impossible to determine their relationship to the previous ones, upon the whole.
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© Nizomiddinova R.A., 2023
