25Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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THE STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS.
Muhabbat Mizrob qizi Yarashova
Master degree student National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek E-mail: [email protected]
ANNOTATION:
Understanding phraseology is crucial in any language or culture and is a key area of linguistics that focuses on fixed word combinations with specific meanings. The study of English phraseology has experienced rapid growth in recent decades. This article aims at learning and analyzing the structural classification of English and Uzbek phraseological units and usage of these phraseological units in different spheres.
Keywords: structural classification, verbal phraseological units, phraseological fusions, idiomaticity, noun phraseologisms, phrasemes, phraseological combinations.
Phraseological units play a crucial role in language comprehension and production, yet their structural diversity poses challenges for classification and analysis. By categorizing phraseological units based on their internal structure, this classification system provides insights into the organization and functioning of these linguistic phenomena across different languages and contexts. Phraseological units, also known as multiword expressions or fixed expressions, encompass a wide range of lexical and grammatical structures that convey specific meanings beyond the sum of their individual parts. B.Altenberg defines phraseology as a fuzzy part of a language. It embraces the conventional rather than the productive or rule-governed side of language, involving various kinds of composite units and ^pre-patterned" expressions such as idioms, fixed phrases, and collocations,,(1;p.65)
Understanding the structural properties of phraseological units is essential for linguistic analysis, language teaching, and natural language processing tasks such as machine translation and text generation. Phraseological units can be used in different spheres in daily life, for example in military, health and management. In the following we discuss and analyze the different usage spheres of phraseological units.
1.Health- to be taken bad, fit as a fiddle, to be on the mend
2.Management - call the shots, run a tight ship, open-door policy
3.Relationship and emotions - falling head over heels, butterflies in your stomach 4.Sports and fitness -go the extra mile, hit the ground running
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
5.Travel and tourism - catch some rays, hit the road
6.Work and business - think outside the box, put all your eggs in one basket
7.Military - boots on the ground, on the front line
Although phraseological units are used in different kind of spheres in daily life, they are divided into some types according to the ways they are formed, according to the degree of motivation of their meaning, according to the structure, according to their part of speech.
In this article, structural classification of phraseological units is analysed deeply. Firstly, Professor A.I.Smirtinskiy introduced structural classification of phraseological units comparing them with words. He classified phraseological units as highly idiomatic set expressions functioning as word equivalents, and characterized by their semantic and grammatical unity.(2;2021). He suggested 3 groups of phraseological units:
Traditional phrases Phraseological combinations Idioms.
For traditional phrases nice distinction, rough sketch can be taken as examples. Only the second group, phraseological combinations, was given a detailed analysis. According to this group, they are divided into 2 groups: One-top phraseological units Two-top phraseological units. (3;p.34.)
The first group, one- top phraseological units, which were compared with derived words, there is only one root morpheme in derived words. One-top phraseological units are also divided into three groups.
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik
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Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik ^amvnaviyfilologiya^aJingvodid^
Verb-adverb phraseological units are fixed combinations of a verb and an adverb that have a specific meaning and can't be easily changed or separated without losing their original sense. These units are commonly used in languages to express certain actions, events in an idiomatic way. For example, give up, break down, drop in, look for.
Phraseological units of the type to be tired. This group has a structure similar to the passive voice, but in this group different prepositions are used. In the passive voice, only "by" or "with" are used, but in this one we can see "of, "in", "at" and other prepositions. For example, to be aware of, be band of God, to be Greek to someone.
Prepositional-nominal phraseological units are combinations of a preposition and a noun that function as a single unit to convey a specific meaning. These units often have idiomatic or fixed expressions that may not be easily understood by interpreting the individual words separately. For example: on the nose (exactly), on easy street (in wealth), under the weather (not in good health). The second group, two-top phraseological units are also divided into some groups:
Attributive-nominal: white elephant (something that is expensive), red tape (excessive bureaucracy), grey matter (highly intelligent), windy city (Chicago).
In verb-nominal phraseological units mainly verb is the grammar centre of the units, while in many cases noun is the semantic centre. For example: fall in love, to take place.
Phraseological repetitions: ups and downs (good and bad times), rough and ready (simple but good enough).
April 23-24, 2024
632
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
The last group suggested by A.I.Smirtinskiy is idioms which are the group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words, and they are often used to convey a figurative or non-literal meaning. M.Davies defined idioms as "an obstacle to word-by-word translation". (4; p,68). Other authors like D. Crystal defined idioms as " a term used in grammar and lexicology to refer to a sequence of words which is semantically and often syntactically restricted so that they function as a single unit" in his book Dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. (5; 2003)
As idioms have idiomaticity of the whole word-group, they are distinguished from phrases. "The difference between phrases and idioms is based on semantic relationship without accepting the structural approach, and the demarcation line between the two groups seems rather subjective" (6;102-103 p). Arnold.I and Koo-nin.A.V also investigated and learned idioms, they classified idioms into some groups. Arnold classifies idioms based on syntactic structure or parts of speech into seven kinds, such as verbal, nominal, adverbial, prepositional, conjunctional, adjectival, interjectional idioms(7;p.172). However, Koonin.A.V divides idioms into four types according to their functional perspective. Nominative idioms Nominative-communicative idioms Interjectional idioms Communicative idioms. (8;p.140)
es of idioms mple ning
linative idioms d letter day very important day
linative- nake waves cause wide
communica- impact on a
tive idioms group
rjectional stuffed way
idioms
Like other phraseological units, idioms also depict cultural insights, help to show expressiveness and emotional feelings.
Semantic classification of phraseological units always help to improve understanding, helps to categorize phraseological units based on their meaning, making it easier for learners. Understanding the meanings and nuances of different phraseological units can enhance learners' ability to communicate effectively in a foreign language.
April 23-24, 2024
633
Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
REFERENCES:
l.Altenberg B Phraseology in spoken English; Presentation of a project,Amsterdam 1990.-65p.
2.Sodiqova Shahriniso Classification of phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages, 2021.
3.Flores d'Arcais, Giovanni B. The Comprehension and Semantic Interpretation of Idioms. Idioms: Processing, Structure and Interpretation,1993.-p.34.
4.Davies, M. (1982-1983). Idiom and metaphor. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, 83, 67-85.
5.Crystal, D. (2003). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. Oxford: Blackwell.
6.Babich H.N. Lexicology: A Current Guide. - Moscow, Flinta: Nauka, 2008.
7.Arnold, I. (1986). The English word. Moscow: Vuisshaya Shkola.
8.Koonin,A. (1970). English lexicology. Moscow; State Text-book Publishing House.
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