1Tashkent State University of Economics
Uzbekistan - 2030 Strategy:
THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF HUMAN CAPITAL
Nuriddin Akramkulovich Saidkulov
Gulistan State Pedagogical Institute, Associate Professor of the Department of
"Social Sciences and Art Studies Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7400-7451 E-mail: nuriddinsaidkulov89@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
in this article, the role of the education system in the development of human capital, the creation of a high-level education system to join the country to the ranks of developed countries, and the education of a competent generation through a quality education system, and at the same time, social focused on issues of increasing the share of human capital in policy and education policy.
Keywords: education, educational system, human, human capital, social policy, UNESCO, intellectual maturity, learning, knowledge, skills.
The development of the education system has always been the most urgent task at every stage of social development. Raising the young generation is one of the oldest activities. Some societies may not be able to mobilize enough resources for educational activities and institutions, but all of them take for granted the importance of education in social life.
According to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PF-158 of September 11, 2023 on the strategy "Uzbekistan - 2030", "Creating suitable conditions for every person to realize his potential "in the direction, special attention is paid to the issues of development of the educational system. According to him, it is necessary to bring the system of pre-school education to a new level and ensure the full coverage of children, to implement the program "Convenient environment for education" in the general secondary education system, general secondary education bringing the education system to a new level, raising the status of teaching staff, aligning their knowledge and qualifications with international standards, involving the private sector in the development of general secondary education, and providing students with modern knowledge and education through the development of the professional education system training in skills, expanding the scope of higher education, improving the quality of training of highly educated specialists, improving
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the organizational and management activities of higher education institutions, strengthening their material and technical support, fundamental research based on modern requirements Enrichment with areas, strengthening practical research in the fastest growing areas of the economy, introducing the "enterprise-university-scientific organization" cluster system, increasing the share of young researchers, supporting their scientific research, in all areas aimed at solving issues such as wide introduction of innovative activities, support of scientific research and innovative initiatives. It is clear from this that the development of the education system is one of the factors that determine the future of the country [1].
The importance of education is related to many factors. For example, when children take their first steps in life, they do not know how to read, write, count, they are obviously unaware of the moral standards and cultural achievements of the society in which they live. Through the efforts of their teachers and education in the family, as well as in the modern world, through mass media and Internet opportunities, the young generation learns to read, write, calculate, their environment, moral and behavioral standards. they form. Some are able to acquire these skills more deeply than others, and therefore the education system actually performs a social sorting function that greatly affects the future economic fate of people.
According to the international definition set by UNESCO, "education is the process and result of improving the skills and behavior of a person, in this process he achieves intellectual maturity and personal development". Education is a long-term and multifaceted learning process to prepare for the various challenges of life. In other words, education gives people the basic knowledge and skills that determine how to express and realize their dreams and actions, and also educates them as thoughtful citizens who actively participate in the life of their society.
Another indicator that shows the social importance of education is that when society faces any crisis, it first of all shows its reflection in the field of education; education and teachers are the first to suffer from the crisis. Nowadays, the role and importance of education is very different. As the history of the 21st century unfolds, we observe two dominant dynamics in the panorama of modern life: one is the spread of information technology, and the other is economic globalization accompanied by the spread of capital. In the information age we live in, new facts and information are entering our lives at a dizzying speed. The knowledge we received a few years ago is losing its importance, the old knowledge that we were sure of until recently has been proven wrong and new knowledge is emerging that can fundamentally change our worldview.
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The number of people with new information is also increasing dramatically. At today's rate of creation of scientific knowledge, the speed of diffusion of knowledge challenges even the traditional concepts of "knowing" and "learning". Until now, the educational system has been teaching new generations, new labor resources, how to grow crops efficiently, protect the environment, ensure the health of families, increase their income, actively participate in society, or general knowledge. Education is one of the most important components of human development and is reflected in the human development index as one of the 3 main components. The right to education is defined as one of the most important human rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Education expands a person's opportunities in the field of acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities, forms human capital, changes the quality of life and serves as a source of economic growth. Modern educational institutions serve to pass the cultural heritage of society from generation to generation, provide people with professional knowledge and skills that determine their economic and social status. At the same time, moral ideals, stereotypes of behavior and thoughts and ideas about the surrounding world are formed in the educational process of children and adolescents.
From the point of view of human development, the educational process significantly expands the capabilities of a person. The level of education affects various aspects of people's lives, such as health, political activity, social relations, discipline, and others. Education creates conditions for the use of new knowledge and technologies in managing households, organizing children's education, nutrition, health and quality education. The higher the mother's education level, the lower the infant and child mortality rate. Therefore, regardless of the family's income level, the quality of child care, education and nutrition will improve. Educated people can do more complex and therefore higher paying jobs. They make more efficient use of physical and natural capital, and ultimately productivity and economic capital.
Another function that educational institutions - primarily universities and institutes - should perform is to create new knowledge and apply it in all spheres of social and economic life. The search for ways to apply new knowledge has become an important field of activity in modern societies. There is not a small number of people working in this field, which is heavily invested. Highly educated people tend to use innovations, share their results with colleagues, and exchange experience with young people [2].
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Thus, through education, not only scientific knowledge and social rules are collected and passed on to the young generation, but also the intellectual potential of the entire society and the state is formed. The most important characteristics of human development include empowerment, development of democratic governance institutions, cooperation between people, fairness (to each individual), sustainability (meeting the needs of the present generation without sacrificing the well-being of future generations), and human security. Such aspects are directly related to education. The sustainable development of the entire social system, in turn, depends on the realization of these aspects.In general, issues related to the impact of education on long-term development should be constantly monitored in the process of education policy formation, management and adaptation to changing conditions [3].
When talking about the role of education in human development, the conversation will inevitably go in one of two directions: either the effect of education on increasing human potential or the role of education in creating human capital. In the concept of human development, the concept of "human potential" is wider than the category of "human capital" according to its scope. From the point of view of human capital theory, the goal of investment in education is to increase labor productivity. According to the supporters of the human development approach, the main goal of economic development is the person himself.
The two forces mentioned above as the predominant feature of the modern international panorama - the spread of information and the globalization of capital -are mutually demanding manifestations. On the one hand, information "waterfall" forms economic interdependence, on the other hand, economic globalization increases the demand for new and fast information. Change is the result of a two-way dynamic. Its waves affect the shores of the international arena more often, on a wider scale and more strongly. Information, more precisely, its acquisition, evaluation, application and creation has long been an important factor of national wealth [4].
The development of new scientific and technical fields, the expansion of information technologies, innovations in the field of traditional technologies, new commercial relations, rapidly changing requirements in the field of state and corporate employment, and the scale of new political processes will require a review of developing countries on this topic.
There is another important aspect in the educational process, which is the issue of inclusion. The need to include those excluded from development processes can no longer be ignored, as the paths to a just and equal world are built on the twin concepts of inclusion and participation. The regularity, rhythm and composition of
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development processes in developing countries, including Uzbekistan, differ from previous modernization experiences. In this regard, the issue of covering all people with the educational process is one of the most important tasks.
REFERENCES
1. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2023-yil 11-sentabrdagi PF-158-son "O'zbekiston - 2030" strategiyasi to'g'risidagi farmoni. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/-6600413.
2. Akramkulovich Nuriddin Saidkulov. (2023). Problems of human capital development in ensuring the stability of society. American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research, 3(11), 233-241.
3. Телешова И.Г. Образование и человеческое развитие. В кн. «Человеческое развитие: новое измерение социально-экономического прогресса». Под общ. ред. проф. В.П. Колесова. M: Права человека, 2008, .-C.313.
4. Mincer J, Polochek S. Family Investments in Human Capital: Earnings of Woman // Journal of Political Economy Volume 82 Number 2. Part II March/aprel 1974 Http : //www.nber.org
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