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1MILLIY TURIZMNI RIVOJLANISHIDA ZIYORATGOHLARNING O'RNI
dotsent, falsafa doktori Shaxnoza Tursunkulova
Alfraganus university ORCID: 0009-0002-8931-1341
Annotatsiya. Maqolada, hududimizda mavjud bo'lgan tarixiy yodgorliklar, me'moriy obidalar, ko'pchilikka noma'lum bo'lgan tarixiy aziz avliyolar deb ulug'lanadigan qadamjolarni turistik imkoniyatlari o'rganilgan. Qadim Samarqandning Xoja Ahrori Vali, Maxdumi A'zami Dahbediy, Shayx Xudoydodi Vali nomli islom olamida mashhur qadamjolarga tashrif bilan bog'liq e'tiqod shakllari tahlil etilgan.
Hozirda madaniy qimmatga ega bo'lgan me'moriy obidalar, ular bilan bog'liq bo'lgan rassomchilik haykaltaroshlik, amaliy bezak san'ati asarlari, me'moriy yodgorliklarning tarixan tarkib topgan hududlari, shuningdek, memorial uylar, monumental san'at asarlari, antropologiya, etnografiya, numizmatika, epigrafika, kartografika, fotografiya materiallari, kinofilmlar, audio-video yozuvlar, adabiyot va san'at asarlari, arxiv hujjatlari, qadimgi qo'lyozma kitoblar hamda arxeologiya yodgorliklarini muhofaza qilish, o'rganish va barkamol avlod tarbiyasini shakllantirishda ma'naviy asos sifatida amaliy foydalanib kelinishi haqida fikr-mulohazalar yuritilgan. Bundan tashqari, ulardan turizmni rivojlantirishda ham samaradorlikka erishish mumkin, ayniqsa, ko'pchilikka noma'lum bo'lgan tarixiy aziz avliyolar deb ulug'lanadigan tasawuf allomalari qadamjolarini turistik imkoniyatlarini oshirish mumkin. Ichki turizmda mahalliy aholiga ma'lum bo'lgan hududlarni ham yanada taraqqiy ettirish lozimligi aytilgan.
Tasawuf ahli asosan yetti tabaqaga bo'lingan va ular quyidagilardir: Xalifa, Shayx, Murshid, Naqib, Vali va Qutb. Tasawufda eng oliy tabaqa "Qutb" bo'lib, G'avsul-A'zam, Bahovaddin Naqshband, Xoja Ahrori Vali, Maxdumi A'zami Dahbediy, Shayx Xudoydodi Vali, Maxdumi Xorazmiy, Imomi Rabboni va Musoxonxoja Dahbediylar zamonalarida qutbul-aqtob hisoblanganlar.
Tasawuf namoyandalari oxirgi o'nlab yillar davomida yozganlaridek, ilmu ma'rifat dushmanlari bo'lmay, balkim, ular yurt ravnaqi uchun xizmat qilgan, ular ilgari surgan "Ma'rifat" yo'li (tasawuf asosi) ham buni isbotlaydi.
Tadqiqot doirasida, Samarqand shahridagi Xoja Ahror Valiy mavzoleyi, Shoxizinda tarixiy obidalari, Jomboy tumanidagi "Vali Bobo" ziyoratgohlariga tashrif va ko'p ziyoratchi va turistlar bilan suhbat olib borilgan. Tasawuf allomalari qadamjolari ziyoratgohlarini bilasizmi?, Mazkur qadamjolarga nima maqsadda tashrif buyurasiz?, Bu ziyoratgohda kimning qabri borligini, uning shaxsi va qanday inson bo'lgani to'g'risida ma'lumotingiz bormi?, degan savollarga ziyoratchilar tomonidan "xa bilaman", "birinchi kelishim", "nima ishlar qilganini bilmayman", "avliyo deb eshitganman", "endi bilamanda", "niyat qilib keldim", "farzandli bo'lmoqchi edim", "o'qishga kirmoqchiman", "yengillik deb o'ylayman" va xk. shu kabi javoblarni berishgani tahlil qilingan.
Tayanch so'zlar. Tasawuf, san'at, turizm, tasawuf allomalari, qadamjolar, ziyoratgoh, axloqiylik, odob, tarbiya.
ABSTRACT. The article examines the tourism opportunities of historical monuments, architectural monuments, places revered as historical saints, unknown to many people. The forms of beliefs associated with visiting the famous shrines of the Islamic world, such as Khoja Ahror Vali, Makhdumi Azami Dahbedi, Sheikh Khudoydodi Vali of ancient Samarkand, are also analyzed.
Currently, architectural monuments of cultural value, associated paintings, sculptures, works of decorative and applied art, historically constituting the territory of architectural monuments, as well as memorial houses, monumental works of art, anthropology, ethnography, numismatics, epigraphy, cartography, photographic materials, films, audio-video recordings, works of literature and art, archival documents, ancient manuscripts and archaeological sites, protection, study and formation of a mature generation. There are comments about its practical use as a spiritual basis. In addition, they can be effective in developing tourism, especially increasing the tourism potential of the shrines of Sufi scholars, revered as historical saints unknown to many. It was said that the further development of regions which are familiar to the local population is necessary in domestic tourism.
The people of Sufism are mainly divided into seven classes: Khalifa, Sheikh, Murshid, Naqib, Wali and Qutb. The highest class in Sufism are the "Qutbs", and they were considered Qutbul-Aktabs during the times of Ghavsul-Azam, Bahawaddin Nakshband, Khoja Ahrori Vali, Makhdumi Azami Dahbedi, Sheikh Khudoydadi Vali, Makhdumi Khorezmi, Imami Rabbani and Musa Khankhoja Dakhbedi.
As representatives of Sufism have written in recent decades, science is not the enemy of enlightenment, but perhaps they served the development of the country, and the path of "Enlightenment" (the basis of Sufism) that they promoted proves this.
As part of the study, visits were made to the mausoleum of Khoja Akhror Vali in Samarkand, historical monuments of Shakhizinda, the shrine of "Vali Baba" in Jambay region and interviews with many pilgrims and tourists. Do you know the shrines of Sufism scholars?, Why do you visit these shrines?, Whose grave is in this shrine, do you have information about his personality and what kind of person he was? My first visit", "I don't know what he did", "I heard that he is a saint", "now I know", "I came with intention", "I wanted to have a child", "I want to study", "I think it's a relief," etc. similar answers were analyzed that they gave
Keywords. Sufism, art, tourism, mysticism, places of pilgrimage, morality, manners, education.
KIRISH
Hozirda madaniy qimmatga ega bo'lgan me'moriy obidalar, ular bilan bog'liq bo'lgan rassomchilik haykaltaroshlik, amaliy bezak san'ati asarlari, me'moriy yodgorliklarning tarixan tarkib topgan hududlari, ya'ni, memorial uylar, monumental san'at asarlari, antropologiya, etnografiya, numizmatika, epigrafika, kartografika, fotografiya materiallari, kinofilmlar, audio-video yozuvlar, adabiyot va san'at asarlari, arxiv hujjatlari, qadimgi qo'lyozma kitoblar, arxeologiya yodgorliklarini muhofaza qilish, o'rganish va barkamol avlod tarbiyasini shakllantiruvchi ma'naviy omillar sifatida yuqori baholash mumkin. Turizmni rivojlantirishda ayniqsa, ko'pchilikka noma'lum bo'lgan tarixiy aziz avliyolar deb ulug'lanadigan tasavvuf allomalari qadamjolarini turistik imkoniyatlarini oshirish,.ichki turizmda mahalliy aholiga ma'lum bo'lgan hududlarni ham yanada taraqqiy ettirish lozim.
Dunyo mamlakatlari vatanimizni yaqindan tanishini, xalqimizning boy tarixi va madaniyatini o'z ko'zlari bilan ko'rishini istasak, aynan turizm imkoniyatlaridan unumli foydalanish zarur. Turizm sohasini rivojlantirish, yangi bosqichga ko'tarishda avvalo ko'hna madaniy va arxitektura yodgorliklariga boy bo'lgan Samarqand, Buxoro, Xiva, Shahrisabz, Marg'ilon, Termiz kabi shaharlar o'rni beqiyos. Bu shaharlarda butun dunyo aholisini o'ziga jalb qiluvchi qadimiy yodgorliklari bor. Registon maydonidagi madrasalar va qadimgi inshootlardagi naqshlar Buyuk ipak yo'lining ko'hna shahri bo'lgan Samarqandni jahon Islom me'morchiligining eng go'zal namunalaridan biriga aylantirgan. Samarqandda nafaqat Registon maydoni bor, balki juda ko'p tarixiy obidalar, qadamjolar, ziyoratgohlar borki, ularning ayrimlari ancha mashhur bo'lsada, ba'zilari faqat mahalliy aholiga ma'lumdir.
Mamlakatimizda, turizm - O'zbekiston iqtisodiyotining drayveri deb e'tirof etilmoqda. Prezident SH.M.Mirziyoyev ta'kidlaganlaridek, "Katta salohiyatga ega bo'lgan ziyorat va tibbiyot turizmini ham jadal rivojlantirish zarur. Yurtimizda 8 ming 200 dan ziyod madaniy meros obyekti mavjud bo'lib, turizm marshrutlariga ularning atigi 500 tasi kiritilgan. Ziyorat va an'anaviy turizmni rivojlantirish mumkin bo'lgan marshrutlardagi obyektlar sonini 800 taga yetkazish bo'yicha choralar ko'rishimiz kerak. Shu asosda, "respublika ichida turizm xizmatlariga bo'lgan ehtiyojni qondirishga qaratilgan turizm faoliyati subyektlarining faolligini rag'batlantirishni ta'minlaydigan ichki turizmni rivojlantirish" dolzarbligicha qolmoqda. (Mirziyoyev, Sh. 2021. B.174.)
ADABIYOTLAR SHARHI
Yangi O'zbekiston strategiyasi (Mirziyoyev, Sh. 2021, B.174.), yurtimizning o'ta buyuk allomalari Imom AN Sug'diy va Kumushkent tarixi (Kattayev, K. 2020, B.4-15.), Samarqandnoma (Kattayev, K. 2017, B. 16-17), Mahdumi A'zam tarixi va mukammal Dahbediylar sulolasi (Kattayev, K. 2016, B. 158-163), tasavvuf allomalari (Kattayev, K. 2017. ), Kitobul-ansob (Sam'oniy. 1993, B.17.), Xudododi Vali (Valixo'jayev, B, O'rinboyev, B. 1995, B.30.), Mahdumi A'zam (2018, sentyabr24), tasavvuf (Komilov, N. 1996, B.9.), Bahouddin Naqshband yoki yetti pir (Buxoriy, S. 2017, B.8.), Movarounnahr tasawufi tarixi: ta'limotning shakllanishi va tizimlashtirilishi (VIII-XI asrlar) (Rahimov, K. 2020, B.127.), Naqshbandiy tasavvufiy ta'limoti va barkamol inson tarbiyasi (Navro'zova, G. 2002, B.29.), qabr ziyorati va va vasila
(Tojiboyev, B. 2013, B.7.), Surxondaryo viloyati ziyoratgohlari tarixi (Jo'rayeva, S. 2021.)ga e'tibor qaratilgan.
METODOLOGIYA
Samarqand zaminida minglab taniqli shaxslar, yuzlab allomalar va o'nlab eng buyuk imom-allomalar o'tishgan. Hozirgacha birgina Samarqand zaminida dunyo miqyosidagi eng buyuk allomalardan 25 nafariningtarixlari va qabrjoylari aniqlagan. Bu chegara bo'lmay, kelgusi tadqiqotlar natijasida ularning soni kengayishi aniq. Eng buyuk allomalarning aksariyatlari fiqh, hadis, kalom allomalari bo'lishib, qolganlari tasavvuf tariqati peshvolari va davlat arboblari bo'lishgan. Ushbu buyuklarning 9 nafarini qabrjoylari ma'lum; 13 nafarining qabrjoylari esa mustaqillikdan so'ng aniqlanib, tarixi kitoblarda yoritilgan; 3 nafari o'zga yurt va qo'shni viloyatlarda dafn etilgan. (Kattayev, K. 2020. B.4) "Al-Buxoriy, ad-Doramiy, al-Moturidiy, al-Hakim Samarqandiy, Abu Laysiy, Burhoniddin Marg'inoniy, ar-Rastug'foniy, al-Kindiy, al-Foris, al-Usmandiy, an-Nasafiy, Amir Temur, Mirzo Ulug'bek, Xoja Ahrori Vali, Maxdumi A'zam Dahbediy, Shayx Xudoydodi Vali, Shayx Maxdumi Xorazmiy va Bobur mirzo kabi yurtimiz shuhratini butun dunyoga yoygan Samarqandiylar (yoki shu yerda ko'milib, bu nomga erishganlar) ilmu fan, tasavvuf va siyosat bobida muqaddas zaminimizga teng keladigan boshqa yurt yo'qligiga o'zgalarni imonga keltirganlar. (Kattayev, K, 2017. B.15.)
Qadimiy tarixchi Yoqutining yozishicha, Xudo asragan shahar Samarqandda yashash va vafot topib ko'milish juda katta sharaf hisoblangan; kimki Samarqandda vafot etsa, go'yo yettinchi osmonda vafot etgani kabi hisoblanar va maloikalar qatorida jannatga kirar ekan. Albatta, bu rivoyatu naqllar Samarqanddagi ulug' ziyoratgohlarga ko'milgan buyuk imomlar, mutasavvuf allomalar hamda ularning izdoshlari haqida aytilgandir. (Sam'oniy. 1993, B.78.)
Movarounnahr olimlari oltin silsilasini boshlab bergan eng avvalgi imomlar ad-Doramiy as-Samarqandiy; keyinchalik ul zotdan ilm bobida o'zib ketgan shogirdi va butun dunyo imomi nomi ila sharaflangan al-Buxoriy; islom olamining aksariyatini tashkil etgan sunnat ahli va jamoasining raisi, kalom-aqoid (e'tiqod) ilmining asoschisi Imom al-Moturidiy as-Samarqandiy; ilmi hikmat va haqiqat asoschisi buyuk Imom Abul Qosim al-Hakim as-Samarqandiy; kalom va fiqh ilmining buyuk davomchisi Imom Abu Lays as-Samarqandiy; islom olamidagi eng ulug' mazhab bo'lgan Hanafiya mazhabining buyuk fiqhshunos olimi Imom Burhoniddin Marg'inoniy as-Samarqandiylardan nafaqat islom ahli, balkim dunyodagi barcha ilm ahllari rozidirlar hamda ilmiy jasoratlaridan abadul-abad minnatdorlar. (Kattayev, K. 2017, B.16.)
Qadimdan Samarqandning Shohizinda, Banni nojiya, Hazrati Xizr, Xoja Abdu Darun, Chokardiza kabi dunyoga mashhur va eng qadimiy mozorotlari, Go'ri Amir, Xoja Ahrori Vali, Maxdumi A'zami Dahbediy, Shayx Xudoydodi Vali, Xoja Ishoqi Vali nomli islom olamida mashhur qabristonlari hamda hozirga kelib nomlari o'chib ketgan Hubob, Fotfar, Xon Sayid Imom, Qutbi Chahordahum, Ruhobod, Radrad (Razroz), Sangrason, Jurjoniya atalmish o'nlab tarixlari ma'lum noma'lum mozorot-oxiratgohlari bor. (Kattayev, K. 2017, B.17.)
O'rta asrlarda zaminimiz hududida islom dini va madaniyati zamirida buyuk allomalar, buyuk insonlar, ilm peshvolari dovrug' taratdilar. Chunonchi, tasavvuf ta'limotida Yassaviy, G'ijduvoniy, Kubraviy, Naqshbandiy, Xoja Ahrori Vali, Maxdumi A'zami Dahbediylar, shuningdek, Navoiy va Bobur mirzolar she'riyat va tarix sohalarida ulkan yutuqlarni qo'lga kiritib, yurtimiz shuhratini dunyoga tarannum etishadi. Bu davrda ilmlar ichida fiqh, hadis, kalom, tafsir, falsafa, tasavvuf ta'limotlari taraqqiy etadi. Tadqiqotimiz doirasida, Samarqand shahridagi Xoja Ahror Valiy mavzoleyiga, Shoxizinda tarixiy obidalariga, Jomboy tumanidagi "Vali Bobo" ziyoratgohiga tashrif buyurganimizda, ko'pchilik ziyoratchilar, turistlar bilan suhbatlashildi. Tasavvuf allomalari qadamjolari-ziyoratgohlarini bilasizmi?, Mazkur qadamjolarga nima maqsadda tashrif buyurasiz?, Bu ziyoratgohda kimning qabri borligini, uning shaxsi va qanday inson bo'lgani to'g'risida ma'lumotingiz bormi?, mazmunida berilgan savollarga ziyoratchilar tomonidan "xa bilaman", "birinchi kelishim", "nima ishlar qilganini bilmayman", "avliyo bo'lgan deb eshitganman", "endi bilamanda", "niyat qilib keldim", "farzandli bo'lmoqchi edim", "o'qishga kirmoqchiman", "yengillik deb o'ylayman" va xk. shu kabi javoblarni berishdi.
Xoja Ahror Valiy vafotidan 140 yil o'tib, hukmdor Nodir Divonbegi buyuk ma'naviyat peshvosiga hurmat va ehtirom belgisi sifatida uning sharafiga maqbara qurdiradi. Yo'lbarslar tasvirlangan inshoot naqsh va bezaklar bilan bo'yalgan, o'yilgan mozaikalar yotqizilgan. Maqbarada qishki va yozgi jome
masjidi, ayvon va minorasi bo'lib, u yerdan yilning istalgan faslida muazzinlar dunyoning turli burchaklaridan kelgan ziyoratchilarni yig'ib, namoz o'qib, ko'ngli orom va yo'lini topadi.
Xudododi Valining adabiy faoliyati jabrlanib, hayotdan bezib, umidsizlangan jamiyat hay o ti ni aks ettirgan. Xudododi foyda qilgan beklar, oqsuyaklar, askar boshliqlari hamda ularning dumlari bo'lib yashagan mulla, eshonlar qatorida bo'lmadi, aksincha mazlum xalqning orasida bo'ldi. Mehnatkashlarning qayg'ulari bilan yig'lashga majbur bo'ldi va yig'ladi. Men bu vaqtga qadar she'r aytishga va risolaning yozilishiga bu qadar g'ayrat qilmagan edim. Hozirda bunga alohida e'tibor berishimning sababai shundaki, ¡stardimki mendan Sizga bir esdalik qolsa, toki mening she'rlarim va risolamni o'qiganlaro'zlari uchun saboq olgaylar". (Valixo'jayev, B, O'rinboyev, B. 1995. B.13.) Xudododi Vali Samarqand viloyati Jomboy tumani G'azira qishlog'ida milodiy 1532-yilda 71 yoshda vafot etgan. Hozirgi kunda bu tabarruk maskan Samarqand ziyoratgohlaridan biri sanaladi. Xalq ichida mashhur bo'lgan bu hududga tashrif buyuruvchilar soni ko'payib bormoqda. Allomaning turkiy va forsiy tillardagi g'azallari, hikmatlari, fardlari mazmuniga ko'ra orifona, nasihatomuzdir. Xudododi Valining qarashlarida tasavvufiy yondashuv kuchli bo'lgan. Ilm, ma'rifat, poklik, halollik, Alloh go'zalligi, insoniy go'zallik to'g'risida hayotiy hikmatlaryozadi: Bu namozu ro'za hech maqsud emasdur bandaga, Juz magar andin tonib haqdin yuz o'girgay tangriga. Odamini qoyil etdi, qildi xush orif sifat,
Xusnini yaxshi tanitib, qildi oshiq o'ziga. (Valixo'jayev, B, O'rinboyev, B. 1995, B.30.)
Xudododi Valining aytgan so'zlari, hikmatlari insonlarni o'z hayotlarini o'ylashga, insoniylik, odamiylikdan chiqib ketmaslikka chorlaydi. Shu sababli, uning qabri joylashgan joy ziyoratgohga aylangan. Mazkur qadamjoga insonlar toat ibodat qilish bilan birga o'z ajdodlari xoki poyiga hurmat bajo keltiradilar, ularga munosib bo'lishga intiladilar. Qalblarini ma'naviy poklaydilar, yomonlik, ¡srofgarchilik, yolg'onchilikdan o'zlarini tiyish uchun o'zlariga va'dalar berishadi.
Samarqand viloyatidagi ziyoratgoh lardan biri Mahdumi A'zam ziyoratgohi bo'lib, Maxdumi A'zamning obru-e'tibori nafaqat Movarounnahr, balki, Xuroson va Hindistonda ham mashhur bo'lgan. Minglab musulmonlar Maxdumi A'zamni o'zlariga pir deb bilganlar.
Samarqand shahrining Miyonqol hududida joylashgan Dahbed qo'rg'oni tabarruk ziyoratgohlardan, ko'pchilik sayyohlar uchun serqatnov manzildir. Dahbeddagi Mahdumi A'zam ziyoratgohida jami 47 ta qabr-tosh saqlangan bo'lib ularni ko'pchiligining shaxsiyatlari aniqlangan. Hozirgi kunda Mahdumi A'zam tarixiy ziyoratgohiga kiruvchi dahma, masjid va xonaqohlar ta'mirlanib, atrofian obodonlashtirildi. Mah-dumi A'zam qoldirgan boy ma'naviy meros bugungi kunda keng miqyosda o'rganilmoqda va bu ulug' zotning ayrim asarían katta nusxada chop etilmoqda. (Xudoyorov, I. 2018, sentyabr 24.)
Xalq orasida shunday rivoyat yuradi: Mahdumi A'zam o'quvchilarini ibodat vaqti ko'zlarini ochmasliklariga buyruq beradi. Shunday bo'lsada, bir o'quvchi itoat qilmaydi. Ko'zini ochib qarasa, Eronning zimiston qamoqxonasida bo'lib qoladi. Mahbusning baqirig'idan soqchilar qochib ketishadi va tentaknamo bu asirni eroniy shoh huzuriga olib kelishadi. O'quvchi bo'lib o'tayotgan hodisani podishohga tushuntirishga harakat qiladi, lekin bu voqea eron hukmdorini kulguga qo'yadi, halos. Shunda podshox "yolg'onchi"ni daraxtga bog'lab, kulimsirab, "Agar shayxing shunchalik qudratli ersa, seni orqaga olib ketsin..." deydi. Ertasiga bu joyda na murid, na daraxt ko'rinmaydi - faqat daraxt ildizining o'rnigina qoladi.
Aytishlaricha, hayratda qolgan eroniy shoh o'limidan so'ng Hazratning oyog'i ostiga ko'milishni istashiga buyruq beradi. Bu qabrni ko'rish ham mumkin. Eron tut daraxti esa hanuz o'sib, o'zining g'ayritabiiy shakli va o'lchami bilan atrofdagilarni hayratga solishda davom etmoqda.
Samarqand zaminida ulug' mozorotlar juda ko'p, ularning ko'pchiligi tasavvuf allomalariga mansub bo'lib, Dahbed qabristoni ham shular jumlasidandir. 1993 yilda Maxdumi A'zam qadriyatiga hurmat bilan Samarqand ko'chalaridan biriga nomi berildi. Maxdumi A'zamning farzandlaridan qolgan avlodlar aksariyat qismi hozirda Dahbed mavzeida yashaydilar va ularning aniq yozilgan shajaralari ham bor.
Mahdumi A'zam to'g'risidan tarixchi shoir Kattaxon xojai Muznibiy-Dahbediy o'zining "Risolai tarixi Dahbediya" asarida shunday yozadi: Hazrati Maxdumi A'zam dunyoda qutbi zamon
Ravzasi (jannat bog'i) ahli tariqatga erur dorul-omon. Marqadi (qabri) pokin ziyorat aylangiz, ey do'ston
Toki bo'lgaysiz ¡kki olamda harg'amdin omon. (Kattayev, K. 2017, B.88-89.) NATIJALAR
Yoshlarni sog'lom e'tiqodi, to'g'ri dunyoqarashini shakllantirishga, shuningdek allomalarimiz ma'naviy merosi va ibratli hayoti to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlar targ'iboti asosida vatanparvar, bag'rikeng va jonkuyar saxovatli, diyonatli shaxs sifatida tarbiyalash maqsadga muvofiqdir.
Tasavvuf ilmi shakllangan davrda, dunyodan ko'ngil uzgan, ammo zohidlarga o'xshamaydigan, "bir nazar bilan tuproqni kimyo etadigan" (Hofiz Sheroziy) zehnu zakovat, aql-farosatda tengsiz, ammo o'zga mutafakkirlar, faylasuflardan ajralib turadigan, shariat ilmini bilgan, ibodatda mustahkam, oddiy dindorlardan farqlanadigan ajoyib xislatli odamlar toifasi paydo bo'lgan ediki, ularni ruh kishilari deb atardilar. Bularni ahtulloh, avliyo, ahli hol, ahli botin, arbobi tariqat, darvesh, qalandar, faqir degan nomlar bilan tilga oladilar. Ammo bu toifaga "so'fiy" nomi qo'llanilgan". Tariqat pirlari, so'fiylar hozirgi til bilan aytganda, fidoyi muallimlar bo'lib, bir necha avlodni asr-asrlardan beri tarbiyalab kelmoqda. (Buxoriy, S. 2017, B.8.)
"...sufiylar o'z uy-joylari va yashash manzillarinitashlab, boshqa yurtlarga chiqib ketganliklari sababidan "g'arib' ("musofir"), ko'p yurtlarga sayohat qilganliklari jihatida "sayyoh', g'orlarda yashaganlari uchun "shikaftiy" ("g'orda yashovchi"), doimo och yurganliklari sababli "ju'iy" ("och"), mol-dunyoga ega bo'lmaganliklari jihatidan "faqir" ("qashshoq") hamda qalblari nurga to'la bo'lganligi uchun "nuriy" ("nurli") deb ham atalganlar". (Rahimov, K, 2002, B.127.)
G. Navro'zovaning fikricha, "tasawufiy qarashlarda komil inson va akmal kishilar bir-biridan farqlanadilar. Bularni avliyo va anbiyo deb ataymiz. Bularning ham darajalari bor: ba'zilari komil, ba'zilari akmal, bir qismi esa fozil, yana bir qismi afzal, yana biri afzalu akmaldir". (Navro'zova, G. 2002, B.29.)
Pokiza axloq bo'l harvaqt hama hol,
Pokiza xislatli zot ahli kamol.
Haqning rizosidin ne bor ortiqroq?
Haq rozidur, bo'lsang pokiza xisol (xislat). (Buxoriy, S. 2017, B.13.)
Tasavvuf allomalari to'g'risida turli qarashlar mavjud, yillar davomida ularning ilm-ma'rifat yo'lidagi mehnatlari munosib qadrlanib kelinmoqda. Qabrlari esa muqaddas qadamjolarga aylangan. Odamlar ziyoratgohlarga nima uchun borishadi?, Qabrlargachi? Ahli sunna val jamoa nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan to'rt mazhab olimlarining barchasi qabr ziyorati foydali va savobli ekanligini aytib o'tilgan. ...Qorilar shayxi Hofiz Jazariy "Hisnul hasiyn" kitobida shunday deb yozadi: "Solih insonlarning qabrlari duo ijobat bo'ladigan joylardir".
Inson gunohlarini tan olib, o'ziga nisbatan Allohga yaqinroq bo'lgan avliyolarning qabrini ziyorat qilib, u yerda Allohga yolvorar ekan, Alloh taolo o'sha avliyolar haqqi hurmati uning duosini ijobat qiladi. Bu e'tiqod ko'rinishi islomda "vasila" ya'ni Allohdan hojatini so'rashda banda o'zi va Alloh orasiga bironta avliyoni vosita qilishidir. (Tojiboyev, B. 2013, B.7.) Qabrlar tarixiy xotira, muqaddas maskan, milliy va ma'naviy qadriyatning ruhiy bekati hisoblanadi. Qabr ahli barcha moddiy ehtiyojdan mosuvodir. Agar hayotliklarida amalga oshirgan ishlari vafotlaridan keyin ham eliga va xalqiga nafli, namunali hisoblansa, ularning xotiralarida yashab, milliy timsolga aylanadi. Muxlislari ixlosdan fayz, faxrdan muxabbat hosil etganlar. Ular avliyo, azizlik martabasiga yetib, qabrlari tabarruk ziyoratgohlarga aylangan. (Jo'rayeva, S. 2021, B.7.)
Ajdodlarimizdan meros bo'lib qolgan bu an'ana, ya'ni buyuk, aziz deya ulug'lanadigan go'zal qalb va ijod sohiblarining qabrlariga tashrif buyurib, ularning ruhlari shod bo'lishlarini tilab, duolar qilib, shu asnoda, odamlar ham o'zlarini qalblarini mehr va g'ururga, ishonch va umidga to'ldirib, ma'naviy poklanadilar. Shu sababli, o'z tarixiy makon va zamonida ilm, din borasida mashhur bo'lgan tasavvuf allomalarning mamlakatimiz bo'ylab joylashgan qadamjolaridan diniy turizmni rivojlantirishda o'rni kattadir.
XULOSA
Xulosa qilib aytganda, birinchidan, davlatimizda turizm istiqbollaridan muvaffaqiyatli natijalar kutilayotgan keng islohotlar davrida tasavvuf allomalari qabrlariga e'tibor qaratish, ularni yirik ziyoratgohlarga aylantirish hamda ularning ijodi va faoliyati bilan tanishish imkoniyatini beruvchi
muzeylar tashkil etish, obodonlashtirish va homiylarni jalb qilish, ilmiy tadqiqot ishlari olib borish zarur, ikkinchidan, kelajak avlodni milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlar ruhida tarbiyalashda ajdodlarimizning ibratli hayoti, e'tiqodi, dunyoqarashini har tomonlama o'rganish, asarlarini tub mohiyatini tushunish maqsadga muvofiqdir, uchinchidan, yoshlarni vatanparvar, bag'rikeng va jonkuyar, saxovatli, diyonatli shaxs sifatida tarbiyalashda ajdodlarimizning tajribalari metodologik manba bo'libxizmat qiladi.
ADABIYOTLAR RO'YXATI
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Navro'zova, G. (2002, B.29.) Naqshbandiy tasawufiy ta'limoti va barkamol inson tarbiyasi: fals. fan. doktori dis. avtoref. Toshkent.
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EXTENDED ABSTRACT
THE ROLE OF SHRINES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL TOURIZM
Currently, architectural monuments of cultural significance, associated painting, sculpture, decorative and applied arts, historically established territories of architectural monuments, memorial houses, monumental works of art, anthropology, conservation and the study of ethnography, numismatics, epigraphy, cartography, photographic materials, films, audio-video recordings, works of literature and art, archival documents, ancient manuscripts, archaeological sites are very relevant.
In particular, with the development of tourism, it is necessary to increase the tourism opportunities of the places of mystics, revered as historical saints, and the further development of territories known to the local population in domestic tourism.
Since we want the countries of the world to get to know our Motherland, to see with their own eyes the rich history and culture of our people, they say that these desires can be realized through tourism.
Cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shakhrisabz, Margilon, Termez have ancient historical monuments that attract people from all over the world.
The madrasah on Registan Square and the patterns of ancient buildings have made Samarkand, the old city of the Great Silk Road, one of the most beautiful examples of Islamic architecture in the world.
Samarkand has not only Registan Square, but also many historical monuments, shrines, shrines, some of which are quite famous, while others are known only to local residents.
It is noted that there are important reasons for recognizing tourism as a driver of the country's economy.
The tourism industry has become the most profitable industry of the 21st century. The development of pilgrimage tourism, as well as other sectors of tourism, plays an important role in strengthening the national and regional economy of our country.
The potential of our country in terms of pilgrimage tourism is very high, and now a visa-free regime has been created for Muslim countries.
In Uzbekistan, major reforms are being implemented at the state level to create the legal and institutional framework for pilgrimage tourism and tourism development.
Thousands of famous people, hundreds of scientists and dozens of the greatest imams passed through Samarkand. At the moment, we have been able to determine the stories and graves of 25 of the world's greatest scientists only on the soil of Samarkand. This is not the limit, and as a result of future research, their number will increase.
It should be noted that the places where historical monuments are located, belonging to great devotees of science and great artists, experts in Sufism, are known to local residents, and there is little advertised information about them.
Al-Bukhari, ad-Dorami, al-Moturidi, al-Hakim Samarkandi, Abu Laisi, Burkhoniddin Marginani, ar-Rastughfani, al-Kindi, al-Faris, al-Usmandi, an-Nasafi, Amir Temur, Mirzo Ulugbek, Khoja Ahrori Vali, Makhdumi Azam Dahbedi, Sheikh Khudoydodi Vali, Sheikh Makhdumi Khorezmi and Mirza Babur, scientists from Samarkand who spread the glory of our country to the whole world (or those who were buried here and deserved this name) science, mystics and those who made others to believe that there is no other country equal to our holy land in terms of politics.
Since ancient times, the world famous and ancient shrines of Samarkand, such as Shahizinda, Banni Nojia, Hazrat Khizr, Khoja Abdu Darun, Chokardiza, Gori Amir, Khoja Ahrori Vali, Makhdumi Azami Dahbedi, Sheikh Khudoydodi Vali, Khoja Isaki Vali and the famous Islamic cemeteries in Samarkand the world, as well as dozens of unknown cemeteries with a known history, such as Khubab, Fatfar, Khan Sayed Imam, Qutbi Chakhordahum, Rukhabad, Radrad (Razroz), Sangrason, Jurjaniya, the names of which have now disappeared as tourist sites definite.
Educating young people as patriots, tolerant and enthusiastic, generous, pious people based on the formation of a healthy faith, a correct worldview, as well as promoting information about the spiritual heritage and exemplary life of our scientists is appropriate.
Visiting the graves of the "seven feasts" has become a good tradition in Bukhara; it has been studied that the graves of Bukhara saints, who enlightened the hearts of people with the light of enlightenment and spirituality, also serve the development of internal pilgrimage tourism.
This tradition inherited from our ancestors, that is, visiting the graves of great and dear creators, wishing their souls happiness, offering prayers, and at the same time filling their hearts with love and pride, trust and hope, they make pilgrimages for spiritual purification. For this reason, he emphasizes the feasibility of using the opportunities for developing religious tourism at the shrines of Sufi scholars, famous for science and religion in their historical place and time, located throughout our country.
