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39THE ESSENCE, STRUCTURE AND IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM
INFRASTRUCTURE
Mahsuda Mahkamovna Qo'chqorova
Fergana State University, teacher of the Department of geography
ABSTRACT
In this article, the concept of agrotourism and its essence, the possibilities of agrotourism in Fergana region and methods of its deployment are described.
Keywords: Tourist offer plants, tradition, tourism sector, tourist season, ecotourism, agricultural production, recreation.
INTRODUCTION: The formation of the tourism market is determined primarily by supply and demand. Among the tourist offers that meet the needs of guests are: climate, landscape (natural landscape, hotels, attractions, museums, etc.).
The tourist offer will consist of primary, initial and production offers. The initial offer naturally attracts tourists for its own benefit, but it includes not only tourist purposes, but also other purposes. The manufacturer's proposal does not set tourist goals.
It should be noted that the availability of favorable conditions for the development of the tourism industry in our country is important, the primary supply is not related to tourism. For example, the natural features of the country, socio-cultural factors, the general infrastructure are also used by the local population, which can also affect the tourist process.
The production proposal distinguishes between tourism infrastructure and tourist superstructure for the tourism industry.
Tourist infrastructure is divided into:
- If it is not possible to serve tourists in the area where the local population lives, additional necessary measures will be taken.
-private tourist infrastructure.
The tourist substructure is determined by the position of hotels and catering organizations in the tourism industry.
For example, the following primary and production proposals must be available for skiers visiting the Chimgan-Bildersay tourist zones:
-natural features - topography of Chimgan mountain, climate;
-tourist suprastructure- hotels, cafes and restaurants "Chimgan resort", "Bildersoy resort";
-private tourist infrastructure - buses, downhill skiing, sledding and ski rental, availability of rescue station.
It is clear that there must be several conditions to meet the demand for tourism, without which good results cannot be achieved. Let's say that if there are skis in the mountains and there is no snow, the consumer will not see good restaurants and cafes.
It was noted that tourism is served directly by organizations that serve tourists. These always include travel agencies, hotels, transportation. It is these business entities that have the right to engage in tourism in the territory of Uzbekistan, which fall into the first category of tourism infrastructure.
There are also organizations that do not have a license but serve tourists. Examples include rail and air transport, restaurants and cafes, museums and attractions, natural attractions and theaters, ticketing agencies and insurance companies.
They do not need a license to engage in their activities with tourists and locals or residents and nonresidents. Such organizations are required by the government to meet sanitary and hygienic standards in order to carry out their activities, ie for loading, catering, entertainment and services.
The second category includes institutions of the Ministry of Health, resorts, boarding houses, sports bases and sports grounds under the Ministry of Culture and Sports, swimming pools, as well as recreation organizations, summer camps, holiday homes, etc. enters.
The third category includes organizations that provide indirect services to tourists. They mainly serve tourism facilities. For example, utility hotels provide heat and water. It is known that with the electricity service, communications companies ensure the smoothness of telephone and mobile communications, the Internet and roads. Hospitals and polyclinics provide medical services to patients, and educational institutions are engaged in providing qualified personnel to the service sector. Accounts are held in banking institutions, currency is exchanged and credit cards are converted into cash.
Hairdressing salons and beauty salons provide their own special services. These organizations also have permits and licenses to operate. It should be noted that this category also serves the local population at the same time.
The fourth category includes government and administration bodies that manage tourism processes. For example, foreign nationals cannot obtain visas without the permission of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Ministry of Internal Affairs allows citizens of the republic to cross the border, registers visitors and ensures public safety. Customs authorities control the entry and exit of household cultural goods. The National Agency for Metrology, Certification and Standardization controls the quality of goods and services.
The State Committee for Nature Protection oversees visits to specially protected areas. The State Committee for Demonopolization and Development of Competition does not allow monopolies in the field of tourism and monitors that prices for services
by producers do not rise. The Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education approves training programs and standards for relevant personnel. The Ministry of Culture and Sports determines where to build cultural facilities and sports complexes, their work schedule and classification of workers.
According to Article 5 of the Law on Tourism, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of tourism:
- approves the state program of tourism development;
- Establishes the procedure for licensing of tourist activities; -Identifies areas and objects that tourists can not visit;
-determines the procedure for creating benefits for tourists in a separate category.
- Concludes interstate agreements.
- solves other problems related to the law.
-ensures the implementation of the state program of tourism development.
-forms the infrastructure of tourist services.
-forms a wide range of cultural and historical quests.
-preserves and develops tourism potential.
Ensures the implementation of international agreements of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
- Represents the landscapes of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international tourism organizations.
- Provides assistance and guidance to tourist organizations;
- resolves various issues related to the law;
It should be noted that the national company "Uzbektourism" has the same status as the national travel agency, which is determined by government decree. This organization does not belong to any ministry or government organization. the National Company has no right other than to issue a license in cooperation with other business entities, as defined by law. It should be noted that some private entrepreneurs consider Uzbektourism to be superior and that its orders are binding on everyone. However, all tourist organizations may be obliged after the acts issued by it are registered with the Ministry of Justice.
If the normative documents are not registered with the state, then it will not come into force and will not be a basis for decision-making for officials, organizations, citizens. In addition, experts say that the National Company "Uzbektourism" will correct a number of misunderstandings in its mandate, ie to monitor the tourism industry. However, the law prohibits the merger of legal entities and governing bodies in order to monopolize production and sell goods. In this way, the rights and obligations of the company are against the law.
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