THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS ABOUT TIME AS AN IMAGINARY COORDINATE. Текст научной статьи по специальности «Физика»

PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS ABOUT TIME AS AN IMAGINARY COORDINATE.

Parfentev N.,

AllRussian Institute of Kinematografy, Moscow, RF

Parfenteva N.

AllRussian Institute of Civil Engeneering, Moscow, RF

ABSTRACT

The model of the proton and electron is proposed. The total energy, spin and magnetic moment of the particles of the model correspond to the known parameters of elementary particles. The basis of the model are two particles of equal mass, and the speed of the first is slightly less than the speed of light (the mass of the particle), and the speed of the second exceeds the speed of light by the same amount (the charge of the particle). The stability of the model arises when these particles rotate along concentric circles with radii that ensure the equality of centrifugal and centripetal forces. The mass of the particles and the distance between them are determined. It is possible to represent model with only one particle, are one particle moving in a circular orbit and oscillating in the radial direction

Keywords: model of elementary particles, force of inertia, Wheelers experiment.

At present, the influence of the future state of a particle on its current state is an experimental fact, thanks to the actually implemented scheme of Wheeler's experiment, who tried to explain the paradox of the behavior of particles during their diffraction. In the work [1] it is proposed to consider time as an imaginary coordinate and this approach allows us to consider the force of inertia as a type of temporary interaction. Thus, all the forces existing in nature are connected by a single definition and the universality of Newton's third law is confirmed. The paradox of the interaction of temporal states of mass, which causes the force of repulsion when moving along a circle and resistance to motion when the speed of the body increases, is mathematically substantiated. On the basis of these representations, the results of experiments conducted according to Wheeler's scheme [2]are interpreted.

In the work [3] on the same basis, an attempt is made to prove the paradox of the interaction of temporary states of charge, the movement of which at speeds close to the speed of light should lead to the emergence of a force of attraction. At the same time, the charge mathematically must be represented by an imaginary mass. However, an attractive attempt to explain the structure of elementary particles by compensation for multidirectional forces when moving at a low mass moving at a speed close to the speed of light, is inconclusive, because it contradicts all known data about these particles: the energy calculated by Einstein's formula, spin and magnetic moment. This paper proposes a fundamentally new approach to this problem.

At present, physics, having inherited method and logic from philosophy, is the key to understanding nature. The standard model describes all kinds of interactions and the structure of elementary particles. However, some of its provisions look like obvious defects in the magnificent design. First of all, this is the thesis of equality of gravitational and inert masses. Great effort and money were expended on experimental work, which showed the correspondence of these masses,

measured with an accuracy deserving of better application [4,5].

The authors believe that the time of simple models in physics is not over, because it is simplicity that is in nature a measure of perfection. The authors propose to consider time as an imaginary coordinate and they developed a formalism of interactions of temporary states of physical objects. As a result, it was possible to obtain classical formulas for inertial forces during the movement of bodies along a circle and equally accelerated motion. They show that the force of inertia, as well as other forces, is a measure of interaction and proved that inertial mass has the same nature as gravitational mass.

For further analysis, we present the conclusion of the inertia force for the case of the movement of the body along the circle. In this case, the forces of interaction of the present temporal state with the past and future states are equal, but the resulting force arises due to the difference of directionality of these forces.

To determine each of these forces, a formalism characteristic of the interaction forces is introduced:

P =

jcAt12^

где T1,T2 - indicators of temporary states, а jcAt12 - the time interval between neighboring states.

T is defined as the relative fraction of the Lorentz interval multiplied by the energy of the body calculated by Einstein's formula

T =

N

mc2Ax

у! Ax2 + (jcAt)2

Naturally, according to the developed ideas, time is an imaginary coordinate. As a result, each of the interaction forces is brought to the form: F = ■ """

"J1-®2

where v- body speed.

Since when moving along a circle, the angle between the interaction forces is —, we come to the clas-

2R

sical expression for the movement of the body along the circumference.

-mV-

It is important to note that formalism gives a negative value of force as well as in the analysis of equally accelerated motion, where the direction of force is opposite to acceleration. When moving around a circle, a negative force value is a sign that the resulting force is centrifugal. We also note the paradox of this interaction, which is fundamentally different from gravity.

A simple model of elementary particles.

Developing the accepted methodology, we apply it to create a model of elementary particles, limiting ourselves to the description of the proton and electron.

The initial prerequisites of the model are the following properties of these particles.

1. Masses calculated by Einstein's formula

2. The presence of equal spin and electromagnetic moment.

3. The possibility of existence in a stationary

state.

The first assumption suggests that the components of the model are probably moving at a speed close to the speed of light, and the third that this movement is carried out along a microtraectory.

Assuming that this movement is made along a circle, it is necessary to find a force that compensates for the centrifugal force found above. Since we have already noted the paradox of the temporal interaction for mass, it is natural to assume that the interaction of the temporal states of charge is also characterized by the same paradox.

Apply the developed formalism for the interaction of temporary states of charge

T =

1 з

M

qc2(jcAt)

^ Ax2 + (jcAt)2

F=-

At 11

Ф2

The resulting force is

F = ■

1 зр

—] q cv

R 11

(V)2

Comparing the expressions for the force of interaction of the temporal states of mass and charge at speeds close to the speed of light, we notice that they become equal to each other and opposite in sign at q=jm

Consequently, the charge is like an imaginary mass.

However, such an assumption does not give useful results when trying to apply it to the structure of elementary particles [2].

A more fruitful approach is the assumption that the imaginary expression arises in the case that the charge is a mass moving at the speed of light.

So imagine a connected system of bodies of equal mass, one of which moves at a speed close to the speed of light, not reaching it, and the second at a speed slightly greater than the speed of light. Set the relatively small difference between the speed of these bodies and the speed of light - A.

The system can move steadily along a circle, assuming that the body will move at a greater speed along a larger radius.

The centrifugal force acting on this system will be equal to

=

-m(c-ê)2

where R- radius of the middle circle, and centripetal

m(c + A)2

Fцб =

(R+ êR)J2ê+(ê)2

Just as in the case of the analysis of the force of inertia, let's take the relative fraction of the interval, and for charge the formula is similar to Einstein's formula.

Carrying out similar transformations we get the force of interaction of charge states

-jqc

Therefore, for the equality of forces and the stable movement of the system along the circumference, the condition must be met

AR _ 2A ~R~~c

The structure of the proton and electron in this representation is the same. But the different magnitude of the sign of charge of the proton and electron leads to the fact that the apparent mass of these particles is different. By the relation of the masses of the proton and electron, the magnitude of the velocity variation can be calculated.

M0

M0

J J

1-êC J1+2Ï

k-ê ы

4c

Л '

где Мр, Ме, М0 - the masses of the proton, electron and particles of the model, A - variation of speed, c -speed of light.

Therefore, it is possible to determine the variation in speed

4с

A = ^¡-= 6,536 105 м/с

мр

Ж

and the mass of the individual particle

М0=Мр

M

A 2c

Obviously, when viewed in this way, the spin and magnetic moment of the electron and the proton are equal. The average speed of the system is equal to the

i

i

2

2

2Л Л

2ê ê

2

2

м

с

с

с

с

р

M

M

1

1

0

0

м

2

2

2Л Л

2êê

2

2

с

с

с

с

29

speed of light, and the energy can be calculated as the doubled kinetic energy of an individual particle, i.e. according to Einstein's formula.

According to the latest measurements of the radius of the proton (0.84 10-15 m), it is possible to estimate the distance between its constituent particles.

4A M„

D = 2 AR = Rm— = 16R„„-?- = 1.110

'пр

с

пр

м

м

р

The authors know the theory of the structure of elementary particles from quarks. The proposed model of elementary particles does not conflict with this model, which may be the next step in understanding the nature of matter.

It is reasonable to assume that the two particles in the model are one particle moving in a circular orbit and oscillating in the radial direction. The particle will experience centrifugal acceleration at speeds lower than the speed of light and centripetal acceleration at speeds high the speed of light.

Conclusions

Based on the representation of time as an imaginary coordinate, a model of elementary particles was created. The energy, spin and magnetic moment of the particles of the model correspond to the known parameters of elementary particles. The basis of the model are

two particles of equal mass, and the speed of the first is slightly less than the speed of light (the mass of the particle), and the speed of the second exceeds the speed of light by the same amount (the charge of the particle). The stability of the model arises when these particles rotate along concentric circles with radii that ensure the equality of centrifugal and centripetal forces. The mass of the particles and the distance between them are determined. Developing the proposed model, it is possible to represent only one particle, are one particle moving in a circular orbit and oscillating in the radial direction.

References

1. Force of Inertia as Sort of Interaction Engineering Mathematics 2021; 5(2): 22-24.

2. Parthentiev N.A., Partfenteva N. A. Connection of Newton's formula for Kinetic Energy and Ein-stein Formyla, Sciences of Europe # 63, (2021) 47

3. Parfentev N. A. Interpretation of the Results of the Real Wheeler's Experience. Engineering Mathematics 2018; 2(2): 86-88.

4. Marco Mamone Capria (2005). Physics Before and After Einstein. Amsterdam: IOS Press. p. 167. ISBN 1-58603-462-6.

5. Brewer, Jess H. (1998). "The Eotvos Experiment".

СООТНОШЕНИЕ МЕЖДУ МАССОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОНА И МАССОЙ ВСЕЛЕННОЙ

Шарин Ю.А.

Уральский Государственный Университет

Екатеринбург

RATIO BETWEEN THE MASS OF ELECTRON AND THE MASS OF UNIVERSE

Sharin Y.

Ural State University Ekaterinburg

АННОТАЦИЯ

В рамках теории свободного криволинейного пространства с кручением предложено выражение, определяющее соотношение между массой покоя электрона и массой Вселенной. ABSTRACT

Under the theory of free curvilinear space with torsion an expression for determination of the ratio between the rest mass of electron and the mass of Universe is proposed.

Ключевые слова: криволинейное пространство, кручение, электрон, космологические решения. Keywords: curvilinear space, torsion, electron, cosmological solutions.

В [1] рассмотрено свободное криволинейное пространство с кручением, геометрия которого

определяется метрикой gik и вектором wt, а также

предложены уравнения, описывающие состояния этого пространства

где введены следующие обозначения

TTik _ .i

H ;k --J

c

(1)

<