STUDYING THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS CEMENT TREATED MIXTURE WITH BITUMEN EMULSION

Yusupaliyev U.G; Amirov T.J

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

STUDYING THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS CEMENT TREATED MIXTURE WITH BITUMEN

EMULSION

Yusupaliyev U.G., Amirov T.J.

Tashkent State Transport University [email protected]

ABSTRACT

When gravel sand mixtures using as base course of roads is requires a stabilizing effect in order to provide a longer life to pavements. This is done by improving its strength, maximum dry density and frost resistance. One of the most popular techniques to achieve this is by treatment by cement. Treatment of base with cement is used on a large scale on the basis of GOST 23558-94. But a number of factors lead to a decrease in the pace of construction, an increase in estimated costs and a discrepancy in strength indicators. To solve above problems and to improve the quality of base layers, we focused our research to use gravel-sand mixtures treated with cement and addition of bitumen emulsion for road base. This study examined physical and mechanical properties of materials for cement treated mixture with bitumen emulsion.

Keywords: Base, Cement-bitumen emulsion treated base, Gradation, Maximum dray density, Optimum moisture content, gravel-sand mixture, Cement, bitumen emulsion.

INTRODUCTION

A huge amount of investments are used for maintenance, construction and extending roads and freeways in many countries. Statistics shows that during last fifty years, the most investments are used on roads in compare to other general infrastructures [1]. The stability of the road base is significantly affected by the long-term performance of pavement structures. It should be emphasized that treatment is found to be an alternative specifically for gravel-sand mixtures (GSM) improvement which is effective in terms of its properties and the engineering properties derived from treatment are vary widely. The role of combined cement and bitumen emulsion is to increase the stiffness and elasticity of the treated layer.

The main objectives of this study was to examine of material such GSM, cement and bitumen emulsion. As well optimum moisture content (OMC) and Maximum Dry

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

Density (MDD). MDD and OMC was performed in two types of combination: GSM treated by cement addition bitumen emulsion and GSM treated by Cement.

METHODOLOGY

Ali Ates studied the effect of polymer-cement stabilization on the unconfined compressive strength of liquefiable soils. Her research results showed, 1) when the soil has stabilized with polymer, it increases the dry density of the soil due to specific gravity and unit weight of polymer; 2) the addition of polymer to the natural soil produced an improvement in its mechanical capacities that were determined by unconfined compression tests; 3) the unconfined compressive strength of specimens has increased with increment of polymer contents [2].

Mojtaba Shojaei worked on cement-treated road base with slow setting bitumen emulsion. The main objective of this research was to analyze effects of the type and amount of Portland cement and cationic slow setting bitumen emulsion additives on the short- and long-term performance of road-based properties using laboratory mechanistic evaluation. In this study, the goal was the mix of Portland cement-bitumen emulsion could reduce soil-cement losses, moisture content changes and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) of stabilized base [3].

Ayininuola performed an experimental take an effect of stabilizing lateritic soil with combination of bitumen emulsion and cement. He conducted the laboratory UCS and CBR tests on the two soils stabilized with mixtures of bitumen and cement revealed that the soil samples experienced increase in strength as the proportion of cement content increased and proportions of bitumen in the mixture reduced [4].

Marandi analyzed the use of combined cement and bitumen emulsion in base course stabilization in details and examine its replacement with conventional pavement in regions with low quality materials and limited construction period.

In this study he found that:

- based stabilized using combined cement and bitumen emulsion increases the bearing capacity of the pavement effectively;

- this causes considerable increase in number of allowable equivalent standard axle load and consequently, the lifetime of the road will increase respectively;

- the total roadway layers in second variant decreased in compare to conventional variant, which, influence the construction time period

effectively;

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

- base stabilization is capable for high limit of loading in the regions with lack of proper material in spite of high chemical binding costs, not only in developed countries but also, in developing countries, using stabilization variant may affect the construction costs effectively [5].

RESULTS

To testing of GSM were taken three (3) samples from quarry located in "Urta-chirchiq" district, Tashkent region. GSM samples were prepared according to GOST 23558-94 "Crushed stone-gravel-sandy mixtures, and soils treated by inorganic binders for road and airfield construction. Specifications" [6]. As below graph no.1 given gradation results of GSM materials.

o i

40 20 10 5 sieve, mm 0,63 0,315 0,16 0,005 — -v- low. Req — Upper. Req--sample no.1--Sample no_2 —•—Sample no_3

Graph no.1 grading curve for GSM samples no.1, 2 and 3

In accordance with sub-clause 4.2.2 of [6], crushed stone and gravel from rocks, crushed stone from slags, coarse- and medium-grained ash and slag mixtures included in the mixtures, in terms of frost resistance, strength, content of harmful components and impurities, resistance to silicate and ferrous decay must comply with the

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

requirements of GOST 8267, GOST 3344, GOST 25592. Table no. 1 shows the physical and mechanical properties of gravel contained in GSM.

Table no.1 physical and mechanical properties of gravel

Name of the Test Specification Test results Test Method Remarks

Content humus substances 2% 0,3% GOST 8269.0-97 comply

The content of crushed grains - 0% GOST 8269.0-97

The content of grains of lamellar (bream) and needle-shaped <35% 19% GOST 8269.0-97 comply

Mark of durability >600 800 GOST 8269.0-97 comply

Gravel abrasion grade H1~ H4 H2 GOST 8269.0-97 comply

Grain content of weak rocks 10% 0,5% GOST 8269.0-97 comply

Clay content in lumps 0,25 0,08% GOST 8269.0-97 comply

Cement sampled and tested GOST 30515, GOST310.1, GOST 310.2, GOST 310.3 and GOST 310.4 Table no.2 shows the physical and mechanical properties of cement.

Table no.2 test results of cement

Name of the Test Specification Test results Remarks

Setting time - Start - Finish -not earlier than 45 minutes 2 h. 15 minutes 5 h. 35 minutes comply

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

- no later than the 10 h

Normal density of cement dough Not regulated 26,5%

Uniformity of volume change during boiling in water Shall be withstand Withstand comply

The presence of signs of false grasping It shouldn't Absent comply

Specific surface area Not less than 250 m2/kg 284 m2/kg comply

Compressive strength at the age of 28 days Not less than 39,2 MPa 41,2 MPa comply

Real density - 3,10 g/cm3

Bitumen emulsion sampled from located plant Kibray district, Tashkent region. In accordance with Quality Certificate this emulsion is "Bitumen road emulsion anionic 3EA-1" Pursuant to the quality passport of material this sampled bitumen emulsion conforms to the requirements of GOST 18659-2005.

After making sure that all materials comply with the requirements of regulatory documents, the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimal moisture content (OMC) of mixtures are determined. MDD and OMC was determined using modified Association of American Highway and Transportation Official (AASHTO). To determine and comparison of mixtures prepared two type of mixture:

A) Gravel-sand mixture, water, bitumen emulsion 3%, cement 4%

B) Gravel-sand mixture, water, cement 4%.

The MDD and OMC test results were displayed in Tables 3 and 4. Graph no.2 given comprised density of mixtures with and without bitumen emulsion.

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

Table no.3 MDD and OMC test results of A mixture

Test no. 1 2 3 4 5

2,308 2,368 2,449 2,412 2,378

Density of wet mixture

_ . 2,6 3,8 5,3 6,5 7,3 Moisture content

^ 2,251 2,281 2,325 2,265 2,216 Density of dry mixture

Table no.3 MDD and OMC test results of B mixture

Test no. 1 2 3 4 5

2,223 2,297 2,391 2,420 2,286

Density of wet mixture

w . 2,0 3,2 5,6 6,3 8,2 Moisture content

_ 2,179 2,225 2,264 2,277 2,112 Density of dry mixture

»¿Ц25

1 —Ílt278

ГЗД79

»2,11

Moisture content, %

Graph no.2 Variation of OMC, MDD

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, it can be said that during the analysis of the literature, scientific research in different countries was studied and it was convinced that it is necessary to develop separate combinations and technical requirements for each GSM materials. Thus, study will continue and will sampling and testing other regions GSM materials to determine physical- mechanical properties.

Test results shows that materials compliance with the normative documents. In addition, adding the bitumen emulsion increase the MDD of mixture. In the future, tests will be carried out to determine and compare the compressive strength, frost resistance and CBR values of mixtures with and without bitumen emulsion.

In the conditions of Uzbekistan, the treatment of base using this method (cement and bitumen emulsion), along with high results, leads to an increase in the quality of roads, reducing the impact on the environment and reducing construction costs.

REFERENCES

1. Ali Ates. The Effect of Polymer-Cement Stabilization on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Liquefiable Soils, International Journal of Polymer Science, Volume 2013, Article ID 356214, 8 pages.

2. Mojtaba Shojaei Baghini, Amiruddin Bin Ismail, Mohamed Rehan Bin Karim. Effects on engineering properties of cement-treated road base with slow setting bitumen emulsion, International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2015, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2015.1065988.

3. AYININUOLA Gbenga Matthew and ABIDOYE Shola Paul. Soil Stabilization Using Bitumen Emulsion and Cement Combination as Additive, Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 8 (2018) pp 66-74.

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4. S.M. Marandi ,P. Safapour, Base Course Modification through Stabilization using Cement and Bitumen, American Journal of Applied Sciences 6 (2009) pp 30-42.

5. ГОСТ 23558-94 "Смеси щебеночно-гравийно-песчаные и грунты, обработанные неорганическими вяжущими материалами, для дорожного и аэродромного строительства. Технические условия".

6. Masoud Faramarzia, K. Wayne Leeb , Yongjoo Kimc , Sooahn Kwond. A case study on a cement treated RAP containing asphalt emulsion and acryl polymer. Case Studies in Construction Materials (2018) e00211

Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)

www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-104-111

7. Jian Xu1, Songchang Huang , Yongchun Qin, and Feng Li. The Impact of Cement Contents on the Properties of Asphalt Emulsion Stabilized Cold Recycling Mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology. Vol.4 No.1 Jan. 2011

8. Brown, S., & Needham, D. (2000). A study of cement modified bitumen emulsion mixtures. Asphalt Paving Technology, 69, 92-121.

9. Grilli, A., Graziani, A., & Bocci, M. (2012). Comparability and thermal sensitivity of cement- bitumen-treated materials. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 13(4), 599-617. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2012.742624

10. Montepara, A., & Giuliani, F. (2001). The role of cement in the recycling of asphalt pavement cold-stabilized with bituminous emulsions. Paper presented at the Second International Symposium on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements and Technological Control, Alabama (USA).

11. Hicks, Gary, R., 2002. Soil stabilization design guide. State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. Research and Technology Transfer, Fairbanks.

STUDYING THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS CEMENT TREATED MIXTURE WITH BITUMEN EMULSION Текст научной статьи по специальности «Строительство и архитектура»

Аннотация научной статьи по строительству и архитектуре, автор научной работы — Yusupaliyev U.G, Amirov T.J

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