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110PUNCTUATION FILLS OUR WRITING WITH SILENT
INTONATION
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Saidniyozova Sh.S. , Rurbanboyeva A.O. , Yuldosheva Sh.K.
1Saidniyozova Shamsiya Sa 'dulla qizi - Student;
Rurbanboyeva Anbarjon O^tkir qizi - Student;
Yuldosheva Shahnoza Komiljonovna - Student, DEPARTMENT OF ROMAN-GERMAN LANGUAGES, FOREIGN PHILOLOGY FACULTY, URGENCH STATE UNIVERSITY, URGENCH, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: we pause, stop, emphasize, or question using a comma, a period, an exclamation point or a question mark. Correct punctuation adds clarity and precision to writing; it allows the writer to stop, pause, or give emphasis to certain parts of the sentence. This section of the article covers the most general uses of punctuation marks. Special attention is given to the most common mistakes that occur when punctuation does not follow standard written English conventions. The guidelines and examples given here do not offer a comprehensive analysis of all punctuation uses, rather a quick overview of some of the most frequent punctuation mistakes students make in writing. Keywords: punctuation, syllabus, review, ideas, writing, exclamation, hyphen.
The section also covers the use of apostrophes and capital letters; these do not directly refer to punctuation but more to mechanics and spelling. However, just as with punctuation marks, knowledge of their proper use is intrinsic to good writing. Take the Quick Self-Test to identify the common punctuation mistakes you may encounter in your writing. Follow the links included in the answers to the quiz questions to learn more about how to correct or avoid each punctuation mistake. If you prefer, you may review the entire punctuation section.
A Quick Guide to Punctuation. Punctuation is the tool that allows us to organize our thoughts and make it easier to review and share our ideas. The standard English punctuation is as
follows: period, comma, apostrophe, quotation, question, exclamation, brackets, braces, parenthesis, dash, hyphen, ellipsis, colon, semicolon. Below is an explanation of some punctuation that is commonly misused. Comma, Commas are primarily used to aid in clarity and to join two independent clauses with a conjunction. They set off introductory phrases and set off series. They also are used to separate independent and dependent clauses. The Oxford comma is the inclusion of a comma before coordinating conjunction in a series. Examples:
I enjoyed the singers, and I loved the dancers. At the beginning of the performance, two dancers appeared from behind the curtain. Even though the auditorium was packed, the audience remained silent. I had eggs, toast, and orange juice.
Commas can also be used to note an interjection in a sentence. Example: The criminal said the judge was an idiot. The criminal, said the judge, was an idiot. The criminal is speaking in the first sentence.
Apostrophe 'Apostrophes are used to mark possession and to mark contractions. They are also used to denote a quotation mark in material that is already being quoted. Examples:
It was James' car that the drunk driver hit. James said, 'If you come any closer I'll call the police.'
Quotation marks are used to inform a reader either of something that was spoken or something that is being directly copied from another work. Quotes should also be placed around a word if it is used in a specific context or otherwise bears special attention. In informal applications, quotations can also be used to denote something that is ironic. Examples: Lydia said, "Is this my prom dress?" Dr. Shruti claims, "The use of violence against women in India is on the rise."
Question and exclamation marks are used to note interrogative and exclamatory sentences. Neither of these punctuation marks are commonly used in academic writing. In general, a writer should not be shouting at the reader in formal writing. The lack of conversation makes any question rhetorical, and revising the question in a statement would be the better course.
Hyphens are most commonly used to pair compound words. Throw-away, high-speed-chase, merry-go-round, user-friendly
Dashes are generally not in common use but denote a tangent within a thought. There are two kinds of dashes, an "en" dash and an "em" dash. En dashes essentially are the same glyph as hyphens but fill a different purpose. Em dashes are longer, an easy way to remember is that an en dash is the length of an "n" and an Em dash is the length of an "m". Example: I think that my dog is a genius — but doesn't everybody think their pet is?
Dashes are able to substitute for commas and semicolons in the right situation. They can replace commas to note non-essential information or semicolon to note an example. Despite, and because of this versatility dashes should not be frequently employed in your writing. The multitude of applications make dashes easy to overuse taking away from, rather than adding to clarity in your writing. Note: Dashes can either connect to the surrounding words or be separated by a space, it is an issue of style, be sure to ask your professors if they have a preference.
A semicolon can be used to join two related main clauses. Example:
James Left a mess at his desk after he left work; Sarah had to clean it up. Another way to employ a semicolon to join two related main clauses is to include a conjunctive adverb such as: however, moreover, nevertheless, furthermore, consequently, or thus.
References
1. Ottenheimer Harriet, 2009. The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology. Belmont CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Pp. 129-145. ISBN 9781428848849.
2. Irvine Judith, 1974. Stratagies of Sataus Manipulation in the Wolof greeting. Cambridge.
