Отечественные и зарубежные подходы к изучению плавности речи и ее нарушений у детей дошкольного возраста

Филатова Юлия Олеговна; Аксенова Анастасия Олеговна

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Журнал

Современное дошкольное образование

2021

ВАК

Область наук

Клиническая медицина

Ключевые слова

плавность речи / детский возраст / физиологические и патологические показатели неплавности речи / эволюционное заикание / диагностика / группа риска / профилактика / speech fluency / early age / normal and pathological disfluencies / childhood stuttering / diagnostics / risk group / prevention

Аннотация научной статьи по клинической медицине, автор научной работы — Филатова Юлия Олеговна, Аксенова Анастасия Олеговна

Актуальность тематики статьи. Анализ показателей неплавности в речи ребенка, выделяемых в отечественной и зарубежной науках о речевых расстройствах, и существующих методов их измерений показывает, что нарушения плавности речи у детей дошкольного возраста преимущественно связываются с эволюционным заиканием. В отечественной литературе и логопедической практике отсутствуют методы объективной оценки плавности речи и ее нарушений при заикании, в то время как за рубежом имеются разные модели категоризации показателей неплавности речи и применяются различные объективные методы измерений плавности речи у детей в норме и с заиканием. Цель. Изучение физиологических и патологических показателей неплавности в речи детей дошкольного возраста с заиканием и без речевых нарушений для дифференциальной диагностики нормального и отклоняющегося речевого развития. Описание хода исследования. В исследовании участвовало 35 детей в возрасте 4,5–6,5 лет: 16 детей без нарушений речи и 19 детей с заиканием разной степени выраженности. Плавность / неплавность речи оценивалась с помощью зарубежной технологии оценки показателей неплавности речи (технологии Вандербилдта) на основании анализа двух репрезентативных речевых образцов по 100 слов каждый (беседа и рассказ по серии сюжетных картин): вычислялся общий процент неплавности речи, процент физиологических и патологических показателей неплавности речи, выявлялись доминирующие виды неплавности речи в обеих группах. Результаты исследования. Выявлена существенная разница в физиологических и патологических показателях неплавности речи у дошкольников в норме и с заиканием. Приводятся доказательства связи преимущественно патологических показателей неплавности речи с заиканием, а физиологических – с нормальным речевым развитием. У дошкольников с заиканием обнаружена прямая зависимость между общим процентом неплавности речи и степенью тяжести заикания. В группе детей без нарушений речи выявлены дошкольники с фактором риска появления заикания, для родителей которых разработаны рекомендации по охранительному общему и речевому режиму. Заключение. Результаты экспериментального исследования демонстрируют целесообразность включения технологии Вандербилдта в комплексное обследование речи ребенка дошкольного возраста. Специфический характер и частота проявления показателей неплавности речи у детей дошкольного возраста вносят важную диагностическую информацию о типичном / атипичном становлении плавности речи.

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Study of Speech Fluency and Fluency Disorders in Preschool Children: Domestic and Foreign Approaches

The relevance of the topic of the article. An analysis of the indicators of irregularity in a child’s speech, speech disorders, and the existing methods of their measurement shows that disturbances in the fluency of speech in preschool children are mainly associated with evolutionary stuttering. There are no methods of objective assessment of fluency of speech and its disorders in stuttering in the Russian literature and speech therapy practice, while abroad there are different models of categorization of indicators of speech irregularity and various objective methods of measuring fluency of speech in children with normal conditions and with stuttering are used. The aim of the research. The study of physiological and pathological indicators of speech irregularity of preschool children with stuttering and without speech disorders for the differential diagnosis of normal and deviating speech development is the aim of the study. Description of the research progress. The study involved 35 children aged 4,5–6,5 years: 16 children without speech disorders and 19 children with stuttering of varying severity. The fluency / irregularity of speech was assessed using technology for assessing the indicators of speech irregularity (Vanderbilt technology) based on the analysis of two representative speech samples of 100 words each (a conversation and a story based on a series of plot pictures): the total percentage of speech irregularity, the percentage of physiological and pathological indicators of speech irregularity were calculated, the dominant types of speech irregularity in both groups were identified. The results of the study. A significant difference was revealed in physiological and pathological indicators of speech irregularity in preschoolers with normal conditions and with stuttering. The article provides evidence of the connection of mainly pathological indicators of speech irregularity with stuttering, and physiological indicators with normal speech development. In preschoolers with stuttering, a direct relationship was found between the overall percentage of speech irregularity and the severity of stuttering. In the group of children without speech disorders, preschoolers with a risk factor for stuttering were identified, for whose parent’s recommendations on a protective general and speech regime were developed. Conclusion. The results of the experimental study demonstrate the advisability of including Vanderbilt’s technology in a comprehensive examination of the speech of a preschool child. The specific nature and frequency of manifestation of indicators of speech irregularity in preschool children make important diagnostic information about the typical / atypical development of speech irregularity.

Текст научной работы на тему «Отечественные и зарубежные подходы к изучению плавности речи и ее нарушений у детей дошкольного возраста»

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T H E O R Y A N D P R A C T I C E O F E D U C A T I O N

UDC 159.946.3/376.37 DOI: 10.24412/19979657202151076269

Study of Speech Fluency and Fluency Disorders in Preschool Children:

Domestic and Foreign Approaches

Yulia O. Filatova*, Anastasia O. Aksenova

Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

The relevance of the topic of the article. An analysis of the indicators of irregularity in a child�s speech,

speech disorders, and the existing methods of their measurement shows that disturbances in the fluency of

speech in preschool children are mainly associated with evolutionary stuttering. There are no methods of

objective assessment of fluency of speech and its disorders in stuttering in the Russian literature and speech

therapy practice, while abroad there are different models of categorization of indicators of speech irregularity

and various objective methods of measuring fluency of speech in children with normal conditions and with

stuttering are used.

The aim of the research. The study of physiological and pathological indicators of speech irregularity of

preschool children with stuttering and without speech disorders for the differential diagnosis of normal and

deviating speech development is the aim of the study.

Description of the research progress. The study involved 35 children aged 4,5�6,5 years: 16 children

without speech disorders and 19 children with stuttering of varying severity. The fluency / irregularity

of speech was assessed using technology for assessing the indicators of speech irregularity (Vanderbilt

technology) based on the analysis of two representative speech samples of 100 words each (a conversation

and a story based on a series of plot pictures): the total percentage of speech irregularity, the percentage

of physiological and pathological indicators of speech irregularity were calculated, the dominant types of

speech irregularity in both groups were identified.

The results of the study. A significant difference was revealed in physiological and pathological indicators of

speech irregularity in preschoolers with normal conditions and with stuttering. The article provides evidence

of the connection of mainly pathological indicators of speech irregularity with stuttering, and physiological

indicators with

normal speech development. In preschoolers with stuttering, a direct relationship was

found between the overall percentage of speech irregularity and the severity of stuttering. In the group of

children without speech disorders, preschoolers with a risk factor for stuttering were identified, for whose

parent�s recommendations on a protective general and speech regime were developed.

Conclusion. The results of the experimental study demonstrate the advisability of including Vanderbilt�s

technology in a comprehensive examination of the speech of a preschool child. The specific nature and

frequency of manifestation of indicators of speech irregularity in preschool children make important

diagnostic information about the typical / atypical development of speech irregularity.

Keywords: speech fluency, early age, normal and pathological disfluencies, childhood stuttering, diagnostics,

risk group, prevention.

For citation: Filatova Y.O., Aksenova A.O. (2021). Study of speech fluency and fluency disorders in preschool

children: domestic and foreign approaches. Preschool Education Today. 5:15, 62�69 (in Russian). DOI:

10.24412/19979657202151076269

Original manuscript received 12.07.2021.

*

Contacts: yuo.filatova@mpgu.su

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Information about the authors

Yulia O. Filatova, Doctor of Pedagogy, Associate

Professor, Professor of the Department of Speech

Therapy,DirectoroftheEducationalandScientificCenter

for Interdisciplinary Research in Special and Inclusive

Education of the Institute of Childhood, Federal State

Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education

�Moscow Pedagogical State University�, Moscow,

Russia, yuo.filatova@mpgu.su

Anastasia O. Aksenova, postgraduate student of the

Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Childhood,

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher

Education �Moscow Pedagogical State University�,

Moscow, Russia, tropina.ao@yandex.ru

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