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Author's information:
Kolesnik A.I. - Postgraduate, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", Russia,432700, Ulyanovsk, the 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: [email protected]
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-157-166
MODEL OF SPECIALISTS LEGAL AND REGULATORY TRAINING IN THE SPHERE
OF SOCIAL TOURISM
Kuznetsov S.A.1
1 Naberezhnye Chelny Branch of Higher Education Institution «TISBI University of Management»
Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, [email protected]
Annotation. The educational process of training should be coordinated with the needs of the labor market. Forming the educational process, it is necessary to select the individual stages (modules) of the educational system so that the student receives a certain amount of specialized knowledge and knowledge for general development. How strategically flexibly matched these levels - modules, depends on the demand produced by specialists in the conditions of dynamic labor market. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and specialized literature, design, monitoring, pedagogical modeling. Materials. The article describes the theoretical approaches to the design of the legal and regulatory training model, contributing to the formation of legal culture among specialists in the field of social tourism. The necessity to create the model in the context of continuous professional education was considered, as in the conditions of modern society a specialist is required, the basis of his training is the model of a person personal and professional formation. Therefore, the condition for the implementation of personal and professional development of a person is continuous professional education. Results. The model of specialists legal and regulatory training in the field of social tourism is based on the new socio-economic conditions for the development of social tourism, the characteristics of the professional position and activities of the specialist. Conclusion. The sphere of the specialist activity in the field of social tourism is characterized by social categories of tourists - schoolchildren, pensioners, persons with disabilities. Therefore, the model of legal training, which contributes to the formation of specialists' legal culture in the field of social tourism, should have an invariant and variable components. Key words: structure, social tourism, legal training, social activity.
For citations: Kuznetsov S.A. Model of specialists legal and regulatory training in the sphere of social tourism. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(2): 117-124. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-157-166.
To ensure the demand for students after graduation, it is necessary to coordinate the educational process with the needs of the labor market.
One of the first works on pedagogical design appeared in the late 80-ies of XX century. It was the work of V. p. Bespalko "Components of pedagogical technology", which essentially presented the design as an independent type of pedagogical activity: "Through pedagogical technology, teachers strive to minimize pedagogical expromt in practical teaching and translate the latter into the path of the educational process preliminary design and subsequent reproduction of the project in the classroom. This can be done successfully only in the above context-in the language of the "didactic task" concepts and "learning technology" [2]
The problems of pedagogical design, which gave a new beginning to the technological approach in education, were developed by scientists such as E. S. Zair-
Bek, V. V. Serikov, V. A. Slastenin, L. F. Spirin, etc.
Design in education has its own characteristics: pedagogical in the field of application (education) and socio-cultural in its results (changes in social life associated with the level of society culture) it can be designated as socio-cultural and pedagogical design.
Pedagogical design is a complex task. The solution of it is carried out taking into account the socio-cultural context of the problem under consideration. In it social-cultural, psychological-pedagogical,
technical-technological and organizational-managerial aspects interact and complement each other.
Designing a model of legal and regulatory training, contributing to the future specialists' legal culture formation in the field of social tourism, it is necessary to design it in the context of continuing professional education. This is necessary due to the fact
that modern society requires a specialist, which is based on the model of man personal and professional development. As a rule, researchers consider separately either the formation, development of personality, or professional formation of a specialist, however, professional formation of a person begins with the onset of adolescence and the need for professional self-determination.
To create a model of the legal training process contributing to the future specialists' legal culture formation in the field of social tourism, it is fundamentally important, in our opinion, identify the main approaches to its construction. The reference to the theory of modeling, according to the example of modeling the process of software development, showed that there are several rather peculiar models: cascade, iterative, spiral, etc., which can be used to create a model of future specialists legal training process in the field of social tourism. Let us consider these models in the context of our study.
A feature of the cascade model is that the development process looks like a flow, consistently passing the phase of requirements analysis, design, implementation, integration, testing, implementation and support. Following the cascade model, the developer moves from one stage to another strictly sequentially. If we take as a basis this option of building a model, the process of future specialists legal training in the field of social tourism will be as follows:
- stage of requirements definition to the personality of the specialist in the sphere of social tourism, the carrier of normative legal culture;
- design stage, during which the necessary programs, guidelines and other documents are created, describing in detail for teachers the method and plan for the implementation of the requirements identified at the first stage;
- the stage of implementation, teachers received implementation of the project;
- stage of integration. The experience gained by different teachers of the project is summarized;
- the testing stage allows to obtain real data on the effectiveness of the regulatory and legal training created project, which contributes to the future specialists' legal culture formation in the field of social tourism, to eliminate the shortcomings that appeared at the previous stages of development;
- stage of project implementation and support.
An iterative approach to the development of the regulatory preparation process model is the execution of works in parallel with the continuous analysis of the results obtained and the adjustment of the previous stages of work. The project under this approach in each phase of development (initial stage, refinement, design, implementation) goes through a repetitive cycle: planning - implementation -verification - evaluation.
The next, spiral model, is a process of legal and regulatory training for future social tourism professionals, combining both design and step-by-step prototyping in order to combine the advantages of the bottom-up and top-down concept, focusing on the initial stages of the process: analysis and design. A distinctive feature of this model is the increased attention to the risks affecting the organization of the process. Each round of the spiral corresponds to the creation of a fragment or version of the regulatory process, it specifies the goals and characteristics of the process, determines its quality and plans the work of the next round of the spiral. Each round is divided into 4 sectors: risk assessment and resolution, goal setting, development and testing, planning.
Pedagogical design is naturally different from software design, but it is also aimed at creating assumptions about the upcoming activities and forecasting its results. The objects of pedagogical design, as a rule, are pedagogical systems, pedagogical process, pedagogical situations. In our case, the object of pedagogical design is the process of normative-legal training, which contributes to the future specialists normative-legal culture formation in the field of social tourism.
Pedagogical design is a complex multi-stage activity, which is performed as a series of successive stages, bringing the development of the upcoming activities from the general idea to the accurately described concrete actions. There are three stages, or design stages: creating a model, creating a project and creating a construct. The first stage is characterized by the development of the pedagogical process goals (general idea) and the main ways to achieve them. The second is the further development of the created model and bringing it to the level of practical use. The third - further detail of the created project, bringing it closer for use in specific conditions by real participants of educational relations.
So, for example, N.N. Laguseva in the concept of scientific-pedagogical support of professional tourism education includes:
- characteristics of the main trends of its development: strengthening of research activities in universities, ensuring the development of humanitarian universities as scientific, educational and diversification centers; increasing the requirements for research competence of graduates, causing an increase in the quality of training a competitive specialist-humanities; increasing the variety of the educational process subjects interaction of scientific and educational activities forms, expanding opportunities for the development of a competitive specialist;
- substantiation of scientific and pedagogical support as a factor in the development and improvement of professional tourism education, taking into account its main functions: reproduction and retransmission, which consists in the organized reproduction of universal and national culture, as well as in the transfer and reproduction of the existing social structure on the basis of humanitarian orientation professional activities implementation; adaptive, which involves the development of future professionals ability to adapt to professional and social roles as the development of professional activities; cumulative collection of knowledge accumulated by other sciences (sociological,
psychological, philosophical, etc.), in the development of scientific foundations of professional humanitarian activities and professional humanitarian education;
- disclosure of the structural components interaction system: management and organizational, scientific and methodological; information technology; psychological and pedagogical; scientific and pedagogical support of professional career from the standpoint of competence, system-integrative, personal and activity, psychological and pedagogical, cultural, information and technological, scientific and methodological approaches.
Very often the concept, conceptual framework or conceptual approach is an integral part, structural element of pedagogical technology.
Pedagogical technology is created by the whole design system in the unity of all its aspects. Pedagogical design is a mechanism of technology development in pedagogical theory and practice [5].
Thus, design in education is an organized system of activities for the implementation of integrated research and project development, ensuring the development and self-development of education as a form of social practice that allows to meet the needs of the person education, the society in which he lives, and the needs of the educational systems themselves. The purpose of this design is to provide the necessary set of conditions for the organic transition of the education system from one state to another, qualitatively new. The results of the design are the concepts and programs of educational systems development, models of educational activities. The object of pedagogical design is education as a form of social practice, and the subject is a set of professional activities carried out in it (pedagogical, scientific, cultural, educational, managerial), forms of educational space organization.
Describing the given level pedagogical technologies design process, V.P. Bespalko noted that the scheme and the sequence of the pedagogical system modeling in the
educational-methodical complex is determined by the general structure of the pedagogical system:
- first defined and described in detail the purpose of the pedagogical system functioning, which will actually be created by this program; in this case, the description of the objectives imposed one strict requirement: diagnostic, certainty, measurability, reproducibility of the goal parameters;
- then the description of the training content and education is carried out taking into account the requirements for the specialty of the graduate and general didactic requirements: consistency, accessibility, scientific, non-redundancy and visibility. The content of the training reflects the necessary information, which is an indicative basis (properties, rules, principles, algorithms, methods, features) assimilated by students of professional activity. The selection of training content is carried out according to the purpose of training.
It is necessary to stop on designation of approaches and principles of pedagogical designing. There are several, consider some of them.
The system approach as a methodological basis of pedagogical design. It is considered by V.V. Gura. The researcher defines the basic concepts of this approach:
- the system has many related elements;
- element is an indecomposable component of complex objects, phenomena, processes;
- structure-relatively stable fixation of links between the elements of the system;
- system integrity is its relative independence from the environment and other similar systems;
- system effect (emergence) -irreducibility (degree of irreducible) of the system to the properties of the system elements;
- subsystem-a system of lower order. The subsystem is included in the system, is an integral part of it and has relative independence.
V. V. Gura concludes: "the system is a whole defined by one or more main functions, where the function refers to the role, purpose, mission systems" [6, p. 94]. The principle of the designed systems and processes self-development means the creation of their dynamic, flexible, capable in the course of implementation to change, restructuring, complication or simplification.
The principle of human priorities as the principle of human orientation is the main one. It orients the researcher to remember that the projected process must meet the real needs, interests and opportunities of the pedagogical process subjects. The implementation of this principle in the pedagogical design is manifested in a number of organizational and methodological requirements:
- considering the motives and needs of the student's personality in the development of the specialty;
- accounting of physical and mental development of students;
- humanization and humanitarization of the educational process;
- use of personality-oriented approach in teaching;
- development of the student creative potential;
- integrated formation of the person.
Passing step by step in the process of
learning a person should take place not only as a specialist, but also as an active creative person. Therefore, in the design of any specialist professional training process is so important acmeological approach. It allows the development of training technology to consider the strategies and tactics that help to reveal the individual, personal, potential to achieve the highest level of a person in his professional development, falling on each stage of training, notes O. Barabash. Acmeological approach assumes orientation to the highest levels of development possible at each projected stage of his professional training. As a result, this approach is expressed in the formation of the professional activity and communication subject, in the maturity of his personality as a professional,
which is manifested in a pronounced professional competence [7].
Consideration of teachers' preparation scientific problems led by M.N. Toteva and E.V. Tsarev to the creation and multi-level description of acmeologic model of their formation as responsible entity of the existence and Mature business entities. In this context, under the acmeological model, researchers understand the best option of a particular specialty representative personal and professional development. They determined acmeological invariants for each level of this model:
- the mental level of the acmeological model of the teacher professional formation should be represented by a stable psyche and mature mechanisms of the individual mental stability self-regulation as a subject of existence, the features of the subjective mental reality General plan functioning;
- personal and social level is determined by the role of the teacher professional self-determination;
- hermeneutic level-formation of individual professional style;
- existential-actually acmeological level of the teacher formation as the subject of professional activity is defined by realization of own pedagogical experience.
The boundaries between the levels of the acmeological model of teacher's professional development are flexible and transparent [8].
Any pedagogical design is to create a special educational environment around the student. The role of environment in education was realized and comprehended by pedagogical thought since ancient times. Educational environment, writes G. Kornetov, is the educational space in which the pedagogical (that is appropriate) organized development of the individual. From the standpoint of modern pedagogy, the process of creating educational and training environment is the process of pedagogical design. Therefore, the environmental approach is also one of the main in the design of the pedagogical process [9].
Increasing the requirements for the level and quality of graduates training, their willingness to successfully solve the main tasks of professional activity stimulated the search for evidence-based methods of building a model of a specialist. Model of specialist is a description of what should be suitable for a specialist to perform, what functions he should prepare and what qualities have. In other words, the model of a specialist is built through a professional chart containing the characteristics of labor and subject characteristics, including
professionally important qualities of a specialist. Subject characteristics are determined by motives, orientation of personal and professional needs of a person.,
Currently, the transition from the qualification model to competence-based is focused on the sphere of professional activity. In the competence model of a specialist, the goals of education are associated not only with the performance of specific functions, but also with integrated requirements for the result of the educational process. The competence-based approach covers, along with specific knowledge and skills, such categories as ability, readiness for knowledge, social skills, etc.
When developing the model of legal education in the tourism University M.G. Repina relied on fundamental theories that reveal the integrity of the educational process, the theory of knowledge and the theory of personality development, the idea of creative development and self-development of the individual, philosophical, cultural, scientific and pedagogical approaches to the problems of youth socialization, the formation of legal consciousness of students and to civil education. The search for ways to improve the readiness of specialists to apply legal knowledge in practical professional activities led the researcher to the need to create a model of legal education in the tourism University, which would meet the following criteria: integrity, consistency,
reproducibility, continuity, adaptability, prognostication [10].
0.V. Babak developed model of a tourism manager legal culture formation at the University, components of which are: trust - aims to formulate the main objectives of the process functioning; the requirement of motivation - creates a motivating and guiding framework for the process of legal culture formation; substantial activity - integrates the requirements of everyday legal life, a future professional activity of tourism future managers and possibilities of the institution in development of students legal culture; control-contributes to the analysis, accounting and correction of the results obtained in the process of legal culture formation; effective -determines the requirements for the level of legal culture, which is necessary and sufficient for a graduate of a tourist University and assesses the work on analytical and experimental study of a student legal culture formation in a tourism University [11].
In our case, a specialist in the field of social tourism has a multidimensional scope of activities and works with different social categories of tourists: children, schoolchildren, pensioners, persons with disabilities. therefore, the model of legal training, contributing to the future specialists legal culture formation in the field of social tourism should have an invariant component (for the direction) and variable (for the profile).
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and Sport (Pedagogico-Psychological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sport). 2017; 12(2): 116-125. URL: http://www.journal-science.org/ru/article/795.html. DOI
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Submitted: 06.02.2018
Author's information:
Kuznetsov S.A. - Candidate of Pedagogics, Senior Lecturer, Naberezhnye Chelny Branch of Higher Education Institution «TISBI University of Management», 423800, Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan str., House 10, e-mail: [email protected]
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2018-13-3-166-174
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ECOLOGY INTEGRATION AS THE CONDITION OF PHYSICAL READINESS LEVEL INCREASE AND ECOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW
FORMATION AMONG SENIOR PUPILS
Nazarenko A.V.1, Astrakhantseva I.V.1, Korotkova M.V.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov", Russia, Ulyanovsk, [email protected], [email protected], ld [email protected]
Annotation. Irrational use of natural resources and consumer's attitude to environment are the main reasons, which prevent steady social and economic development of the country. The way out of this situation is in an integrated state system of population ecological education creation, which is mentioned in some important laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Russian Federation President and other documents. Materials. The results of the specialists' scientific research work in ecology prove that ecological world view and nature protecting attitude to environment formation can be successful only in case of interaction with nature. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature, analysis and summarizing, progressive experience of specialists in ecology and trainers' analysis and summarizing, filming, pedagogical experiment, statistical processing of data. Results. The article presents a new approach to ecological education and upbringing among senior pupils' organization by means of educational subjects' integration: Physical Education and Ecology. This integration helps to improve health among pupils of the 10th and 11th form, increase physical readiness indices ,bring up the applied skills of interaction with nature, form ecological world view, which is the main condition for consumer's attitude to nature change for nature protecting one. Conclusion. Physical Education and Ecology integration is possible owing to excursions, touristic trips and ecological expeditions organization. Physical Education teacher reveals the volume and character of muscular load, the ways of its regulation, functional and psycho-emotional state control. Ecology teacher creates topics of these lessons forms; gets pupils acquainted with the characteristics of the region flora andfauna, environment state, parameters of environment: water, air, food and others, which influence spiritual-moral and physical health of a person; reveals the reasons for nature state using the examples of industrial enterprises activity, which dump waste into water and fertile lands. Excursions, trips, expeditions use increases the volume of motor activity,
