Promotion of professional educational environment in the field of physical education and sport in the Krasnoyarsk territory Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки об образовании»

УДК 796.56

Promotion of Professional Educational Environment in the Field of Physical Education and Sport in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Alexander Yu. Bliznevsky* and Valentina S. Bliznevskaya

Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia 1

Received 21.04.2012, received in revised form 06.06.2012, accepted 14.06.2012

This article deals with social and historical background of the promotion ofphysical education and sport environment in the Krasnoyarsk territory. Trends for training of the qualified staff in physical education as part of modernization plan of integration of Russian educational system in European system are described. The author arranged physical training educational institutions of the territory into classes and worked out possibilities for Professional development and continuing education of specialists working in sports and health field. Reasons for specialist outflow from this field are indicated and some problems when solving personnel issues in the field ofphysical education and sport in the Krasnoyarsk territory are defined.

Keywords: Physical education and sport, state educational standard, personnel training in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, intermediate and higher vocational education.

Introduction. The efficiency of the physical education and sport management system as a social sphere depends to a high degree on the personnel supply of this field. The requirements in physical and sport personnel are caused by the necessity of physical development of children in pre-school institutions, instructional and educational process of teaching physical education as a mandatory subject in the system of general education, extracurricular sport activity in educational institutions of continuing education and sport organizations, and teaching Physical education as a mandatory subject in the system of higher vocational education.

Nowadays in compliance with state educational standards the personnel training is performed according to programs for intermediate and higher vocational education. The prevailing educational institutions of intermediate vocational education in the field of physical education and sport are Olympic reserve schools, which perform the educational process and also train athletes for national teams of the Russian Federation and regions of the Russian Federation combining the training procedure with vocational education.

To make higher education in Europe compatible and harmonious in the mid-seventies of the twentieth century the EU Council adopted

* Corresponding author E-mail address: bliznevsky58@mail.ru

1 © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved

the first Resolution on cooperation in education. As a result of this cooperation on June 19, 1999 in Bologna the Declaration of European Higher Education Area or the Bologna declaration was signed by Education Ministers from 29 European countries (European higher.., 1999). The Russian Federation joined the Bologna Process in September 2003 at the meeting of Education Ministers in Berlin. At present the Bologna Process has 46 participating countries. That is why higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation have to take part in realization of main trends of the Bologna Process. As a result on December 31, 2010 the higher vocational education of the Russian Federation changed over to two-level system. The bachelor’s and master’s degrees have become major ones for higher educational institutions graduates.

This change-over is important not only because the Russian Federationjoined the Bologna Process. It also results from modern economical and social reasons when a person is required to alter the profession and get education during his career. So a student has an opportunity to choose his personal educational path: he may continue his education to obtain Master’s degree after completing his Bachelor’s program or he may start his working career. But he can enter Master’s degree program in some years and he can choose any higher educational institution. The Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees (comparing with specialist) are better recognized in the majority of countries in the world, provide the possibility to transfer among different higher educational institutions and are recognized by foreign employers. It gives additional career benefits in labour market. Therefore starting from September 1, 2011 Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) were introduced in the system of intermediate and higher vocational education, they represent the system of requirements which shall be

implemented in main educational programs of intermediate and higher vocational education by nationally accredited educational institutions to provide the conformity of educational area of the Russian Federation.

The Federal State Educational Standard of intermediate vocational education was introduced in physical education and sport providing the following study programs:

050141 - «Physical education», qualification-teacher of physical education and sport (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated February 15, 2010 № 121);

050142 - «Adaptive physical education», qualification- teacher of physical education and sport (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated April 02,

2010 № 258);

From 2011 the Federal State Educational Standard of higher vocational education in physical education and sport provides the following educational programs:

034300 - «Physical education», degree -Bachelor (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated February 15, 2010 № 121);

034400 - «Physical education for physically challenged persons» (Adaptive physical education), degree - Bachelor (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 29, 2010 № 220)

034600 - «Recreation and sports and health tourism», degree - Bachelor (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2010 № 81);

050100 - «Pedagogical education» (Physical education), degree - Bachelor (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated January 17, 2010 № 46);

034300 - «Physical education», degree -Master (Order of the Ministry of Education and

Science of the Russian Federation dated March 29, 2010 № 234);

034400 - «Physical education for physically challenged persons» (Adaptive physical education), degree - Master (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated January 13, 2010 № 17);

034500 - «Sport», degree - Master (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated November 16, 2010 № 1160);

050100 - «Pedagogical education» (Physical education), degree - Master (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated January 14, 2010 № 35).

Due to the latest trends the present research is aimed to define the range of educational area in the Krasnoyarsk territory and its compliance with the requirements of sport and health field of the territory.

Research methodology. Based on the analysis of archive records, historical facts, current legal materials, normative legal documents of the Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation with the use of comparative and analytical method the development of the educational system in the field of physical education and sport in the territory is shown. The physical training educational institutions have been arranged into classification, the conditions and prospects of education in compliance with latest changes in the state educational standard have been defined and the need for personnel of this field has been determined.

The results and the explanation. The regional educational system in the field of physical education and sport was developed in the beginning of the 20th century. In September 1914 the Supervisor for the physical development of people of Russian Empire send a sample

of the circular to the city and territorial Public administrations of the Yenisei government concerning the issue of their activities in promotion of the physical development in the regions. The aim of the circular was to obtain the general idea of physical development of the younger generations and carry out all activities for increasing the general level of this development.” The questionnaire was attached to the circular in which the measures taken for physical development of the younger generations should be defined and the available city sites, gyms, playgrounds, sport grounds should be specified (Regional state... Sh. 1-4). The governor sent this questionnaire to mayors of Krasnoyarsk, Kansk, Yeniseisk, Achinsk and Minusinsk to collect the required data. The analysis showed rather poor material and technical possibilities of these towns and insufficient activities in physical education in schools, shelters and other educational institutions. As an example, in Kansk only two schools (non-classical secondary school and higher four-classes school) taught gymnastics 4 hours per week. 345 students were taught by 2 teachers graduated from normal school. In summer in the town there was one sport ground, in winter a skating rink and ice-hill were provided and financed by the town (Regional state. Sh. 38-41). In educational institution of Minusinsk physical education was not taught. There was a ground in the country garden for public use, in winter the town administration provided the skating rink (Regional state. Sh. 44-47).

Furthermore the board of physical education of the territory took some efforts to train staff in physical education. More specifically, in 1929 in Novosibirsk Siberian regional physical education courses were established and held which provided training for 18 sport instructors and 12 physical education teachers. The course organization was delegated to Siberian Board of Education together with Siberian public health service,

Siberian regional board of physical education and Territorial labour union. Academic year started on January 10 and ended on September 10 and was divided into two semesters. Only students who had completed seven-year educational program and had at least one year experience of working in a sport club were admitted for this course. Both Minusinsk and Krasnoyarsk districts got an opportunity to have one student trained for work in a club and at school, Kansk district received one student for school work (Regional state. Sh. 127-130).

In August 1930 by order of the Executive committee of Krasnoyarsk Regional Council of Workers’ Peasants' and Red Armymen’s Deputies the first College of Physical education was established and it was the first intermediate vocational institution for training personnel for cultural and sport field. As it provided an opportunity to train specialists, instructors, coaches in different kinds of sport so it promoted the development of sport activity, especially in Krasnoyarsk.

For further training of specialists in the field of physical education and sport in 1957 in Krasnoyarsk pedagogical institute (which was founded in 1932) the faculty of physical education was established. School leavers wishing to continue their special education in this field could get higher vocational education in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Due to extramural courses teachers of physical education from village schools of the territory could get higher education.

Herewith by resolution of Krasnoyarsk Soviet of People’s Deputies the College of Physical education was closed. The Authorities considered that the specialized faculty of the Pedagogical institute would be enough to supply the territory with sufficient number of specialists of physical education. As time proved this decision was wrong as it caused the lack of specialists. In 1968 the College of Physical education was founded

and in 1970 first students graduated. In 2010-

2011 academic year 67 graduates with major in Teaching physical education and sport graduated from Regional State - financed Educational Institution of Intermediate Vocational Education “Krasnoyarsk college of physical education”. For 44 years of activity (1968-2011) the college trained 4780 specialists in physical education and sport in intramural courses and 2355 in extramural courses.

By the end of the 20th century there were some additional possibilities to get intermediate vocational education in physical education and sport in the territory. September 1, 1990 by Order of the Physical culture and sports committee of the Krasnoyarsk territory administration № 106p dated June 5, 1990, Divnogorsk Olympic reserve school was founded (Divnogorsk ORS). It trained qualified specialists in the field of physical education and sport with intermediate vocational education and professional athletes for national teams of The Russian Federation and the Krasnoyarsk territory. The name and acronym has changed frequently over a period of 20 years. At present in Regional State Independent Intermediate Vocational Education “Divnogorsk Olympic reserve (college) school” (KGAOU SPO DUTOR) ED programs for basic general education and secondary (full) basic education are implemented, also it provides basic vocational ED program with major in Physical education. For 21 years of activity the school trained 210 specialists in physical education and sport.

In 1993 one more Olympic reserve school was established. This school was founded and named as Regional State-financed Intermediate Vocational Institution “Krasnoyarsk Olympic Reserve School” by Order of the Physical culture and sports committee of the Krasnoyarsk territory administration № 193-p dated April 7, 1993. For the period of 18 years 179 graduates with major in

Teaching physical education and sport graduated from this school.

In July 2011 Regional State - financed Educational Institution of Intermediate Vocational Education “Krasnoyarsk college of physical education” joined Regional State - financed Educational Institution of Intermediate Vocational Education “Krasnoyarsk Olympic Reserve School”. As a result Regional State Independent Educational Institution “Krasnoyarsk Olympic reserve (college) school” (KGAOU SPO KUTOR) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of sport, tourism and youth policy of the Krasnoyarsk territory was founded.

Some crucial changes occurred in the sphere of higher vocational education in the field of physical education and sport for the last 20 years. The faculty of Physical education of Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical university (Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical institute up to December 21, 1993) trained specialists with qualification 0303 -Physical education, in intramural and extramural courses.

In June 1997 by university resolution (KSPU) one of the departments of the faculty

of physical education (wrestling department) was turned into Krasnoyarsk institute of combat sports n.a. I. Yarigin (KICS KSPU). The institute trained specialists with qualification 022300.65 -Physical education and sport on a five-year basis in intramural courses after completion of secondary (full) basic education.

By Order № 284 dated January 28, 2004 KSPU was renamed into State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training “Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical university n.a. V.P. Astafiev” and later it became Federal state-financed educational institution. In 2011 the Institute of combat sports and faculty of physical education were rejoined and by resolution of the academic council of KSPU n.a. V.P. Astafiev the Institute of physical education, sport and health n.a . I.S. Yarigin was established. The total number of graduates of Institute of physical education and sport for the latest years is specified in Table. 1.

The second regional higher educational institution involved in training specialists for sport and health sphere was Krasnoyarsk state university. By resolution of the university academic council dated October 9, 1995 the

Table 1. Data on specialist training in physical education and sport in Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical university n.a. V. P. Astaviev

Graduation year Intramural courses Extramural courses Total number of graduates

2QQ1 10l 51 158

2QQ2 92 б3 155

2QQ3 99 51 15Q

2QQ4 112 58 1l0

2QQ5 85 34 119

2QQ6 85 19 1Q4

200l 1Q4 б5 1б9

2QQ8 98 1Q5 2Q3

2QQ9 122 5б llS

2Q1Q 1Q1 lS 1l9

2Q11 l3 5l 13Q

TOTAL: 10lS 63l 1l15

faculty of physical education was established. The university trained specialists with qualification of Physical education and sport on a five-year basis in intramural courses after completion of secondary (full) basic education. In 1998 the university began education with the same qualification with three-year training time of evening (part-time) courses after completion of intermediate vocational or higher education. First students of both intramural and evening courses graduated in 2001. In the same year the faculty of physical education was renamed into the faculty of physical education and sport (FPEandS).

Later by Order of the Russian Federation Government for reorganization of state higher vocational institutions dated November 4, 2006 № 1518-r: Krasnoyarsk State University, Krasnoyarsk State Academy of Architecture and Construction, Krasnoyarsk State Technical University and Krasnoyarsk State University of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold were merged into Federal state higher vocational institution “Siberian Federal University.”

Starting from 2008 the Faculty of physical education and sport of SFU trained specialists in

one more qualification - Recreation and sports and health tourism on five-year basis in intramural courses. In spring of 2011 the Institute of physical education, sport and tourism of Siberian Federal University was founded based on the faculty of physical education and sport. For the whole period 655 specialists in the field of culture and health graduated from the faculty (see Table 2).

So as a result of these latest reforms starting from 2011 two regional Olympic reserve schools (colleges) which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of sport, tourism and youth policy of the Krasnoyarsk territory train specialists of intermediate vocational education. They are included into 40 regional schools in different regions of the Russian Federation. Moreover 9 Federal Olympic Schools work in Russia (there are no such schools in the Krasnoyarsk territory). These institutions implement only one educational program 050141 - Physical education and train specialists with qualification of Teacher of physical education and sport. Terms and forms of education in these institutions depending on the education level of applicants are specified in Table 3.

Table 2. Data on specialist training in physical education and sport in Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk State University prior to 2007)

Graduation year Intramural courses Evening courses Total number of graduates

2QQ1 25 12 3l

2QQ2 25 l 32

2QQ3 34 11 45

2QQ4 2Q 9 29

2QQ5 34 1l 51

2QQ6 53 22 l5

200l 52 29 81

2QQ8 52 28 8Q

2QQ9 42 24 бб

2Q1Q 5б 3Q 8б

2Q11 54 19 l3

TOTAL: 44l 2Q8 б55

Table 3. Training of specialists with qualification of Teacher of physical education and sport in the Krasnoyarsk territory on the programs of intermediate vocational education: qualification 050141 - Physical education (for applicants starting from 2011)

Institution Required education level Term and form of education

KGAOU SPO “Divnogorsk Olympic reserve (college) school” 7 years 6 years 10 months intramural (combined with training)

8 years 5 years 10 months intramural (combined with training)

9 years 4 years 10 months intramural (combined with training)

KGAOU SPO “Krasnoyarsk Olympic reserve (college) school” 9 years 4 years 10 months intramural (combined with training)

3 years 10 months intramural

Secondary (full) basic 3 years 10 months intramural (combined with training)

Basic vocational

Secondary (full) basic 2 years 10 months intramural

Basic vocational

Secondary (full) basic 3 years 10 months Extramural

Basic vocational

Two institutions as part of universities of the Ministry of education of the Russian Federation train specialists with higher education. Qualifications, training courses and majors of specialists graduating from higher educational institutions of the Krasnoyarsk territory are specified in Table 4.

Apart from educational programs and methods implemented in educational institutions the following factors influence the establishment of the scientific and pedagogical staff potential of the sphere. For example, the research guidance is required for improvement of scientific-methods of educational system. Moreover, scientific research results are very important for showing high sporting results. The definition of new approaches to athletes training and development of more effective training methods can be performed only on the basis of scientific research. The involvement of senior students, graduate students, persons working for degree of doctor and candidates for a degree in the research has a great potential for training of the modern specialists.

Postgraduate education for specialists of physical education and sport in the Krasnoyarsk territory is performed by postgraduate courses in KSPU n.a. V.P. Astafiev. In KSPU the Dissertation Council was established for dissertation completion based on the results of research and competition for 13.00.04 Candidate of pedagogic sciences degree. It was established in Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical university by Order of State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles of the Russian Federation dated July 1998 № 582v. Furthermore by Order of State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles of the Russian Federation dated February 21, 2003 № 521 - v the Doctoral Dissertation Council D 212.097.02 was established. For this period Dissertation Council awarded 65 degrees of Candidate of pedagogic sciences degree and only one Doctoral degree. In 2010 the activity of the Council was suspended.

The efficiency of activity for organization and training of regional teams in different kinds of sport and athletic reserve depends to a high degree on the proficiency level of managing and

Table 4. Training of specialists in physical education and sport in higher educational institutions of the Krasnoyarsk territory in accordance with the effective educational standards (for applicants starting from 2011)

Institution Required level of education for admission Term and form of education Graduates’’ qualifications

Institute of physical education, sport and health n.a . I.S. Yarigin FSAEI of Higher Professional Training “Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical university n. a. V.P. Astafiev” Secondary (full) basic 4 years intramural Qualification: 050100.62 - «Pedagogical education» -Physical education, degree - Bachelor

Secondary (full) basic 5 years Extramural

Intermediate vocational 4 years Extramural Qualification: 050100.62 - «Pedagogical education» -Physical education(part-time study), degree - Bachelor

higher 2 years intramural Qualification: 050100.68 - Pedagogical education, Program: professional training, degree -Master

higher 2 years 5 months Extramural

Institute of physical education, sport and tourism FSAEI of Higher Professional Training “Siberian Federal University” Secondary (full) basic 4 years intramural Qualification: 034300 - Physical education, Degree - Bachelor

higher 3 years Evening

Secondary (full) basic 4 years intramural Qualification: 034600 - Recreation and sports and health tourism, Degree - Bachelor

higher 2 years intramural Qualification: 034300 - Physical education, Degree - Master

training and educational staff. The state system of continuing education of specialists and coaches of sports institutions is especially significant for this purpose.

In compliance with the requirements of sport development in 2011 the Regional state educational institution of further vocational education (continuing professional education) “Krasnoyarsk institution of continuing education for physical education and sport specialists” of the Ministry of sport, tourism and youth policy of the Krasnoyarsk territory train specialists of intermediate vocational education was established. In September of 2011 this institution was awarded with Certificate № 6020-1 for executing educational activity by the Education supervision service of the Krasnoyarsk territory.

The list of its primary activities comprises the following:

- relevant professional development and continuing education of specialists working in sports and fitness field;

- scientific and methodological basis for the system of athletic reserve training in the Krasnoyarsk territory;

- organization and performance of scientific research, scientific and pedagogical and pilot testing.

According to the Ministry of education and science of the Krasnoyarsk territory the administrative and training staff of the educational institutions of continuing professional education in the field of physical education and sport can have professional development either in State

Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training “Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical university n. a. V.P. Astafiev” or in the Center of continuing professional education of the Institute of physical education, sport and tourism of FSAEI of Higher Professional Training “Siberian Federal University.”

Conclusion. So at the beginning of 2011-

2012 academic years the following comprise the institutions for personnel and scientific and methodological supply in the field of physical education and sport in the Krasnoyarsk territory. State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training “Krasnoyarsk state pedagogical university n. a. V.P. Astafiev”, FSAEI of Higher Professional Training “Siberian Federal University, Regional State Independent Educational Institution “Krasnoyarsk Olympic reserve (college) school”, Regional State Independent Intermediate Vocational Education “Divnogorsk Olympic reserve (college) school”, the Regional state educational institution of further vocational education (continuing professional education) “Krasnoyarsk institution of continuing education for physical education and sport specialists”.

The higher educational institutions train Bachelors and Masters for this field and are under the jurisdiction of Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation. The vocational schools (colleges) which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of sport, tourism and youth policy of the Krasnoyarsk territory train specialists of intermediate vocational education.

And although every year about 350 specialists graduate from educational institutions, according to the statistic reports of the Ministry of sport, tourism and youth policy of the Krasnoyarsk

territory managers, coaches, instructors and educational supervisors are constantly required in institutions and organizations in the field of physical education and sport . In 2011, 186 specialists are required.

The reason for this incompliance between the number of graduated students and those who actually start working in this field is that 55 per cent of graduates start working in different spheres of activity as there they have better chances for promotion and higher salaries. Lack of social support for young specialists in physical education and sport who start their teaching careers after graduating from intermediate and higher educational institutions results in outflow of the young specialists from this field. Besides about a half of those who start teaching usually quit after the first year of work due to some objective causes.

So at present the list of issues concerning personnel problem specified by the regional administration of physical education and sport comprises the following:

- lack of certified administrators for physical education and sport institutions;

- old mean age of executives of institutions (directors, deputies, Olympic reserve coaches);

- absence of complete system of cooperation with young specialists to promote efficient staff reserve for executive positions;

- absence of the unified system for personnel motivation;

- lack of coaches, coaches-teachers, specialized psychologists, managers of sport establishments, specialists in medical and social problems.

References

European higher education area (the Bologna declaration). Joint statement of European ministers of education, Bologna, June 19, 1999 [Electronic source]. Available at: http://www.russia.edu.ru/ information/legal/law/inter/bologna/

Regional state state-financed organization “State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory” F.595. -Inv. 35. D. 1163. - Sh. 1-4.

Regional state state-financed organization “State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory” F.595. -Inv. 35. D. 1163. - Sh. 38-41.

Regional state state-financed organization “State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory” F.595. -Inv. 35. D. 1163. - Sh. 44-47.

Regional state state-financed organization “State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory” F.1298. -Inv. 1. D. 3. - Sh. 127-130.

Формирование профессионального образовательного пространства в области физической культуры и спорта на территории Красноярского края

А.Ю. Близневский, В.С. Близневская

Сибирский федеральный университет Россия 660041, Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79

В статье рассматриваются социально-исторические предпосылки формирования образовательного пространства Красноярского края по направлению физической культуры и спорта. Представлены направления подготовки профессиональных физкультурных кадров в рамках модернизации по включению отечественной системы образования в европейскую. Систематизированы краевые образовательные учреждения физкультурного профиля и возможности для переподготовки и повышения квалификации специалистов спортивнооздоровительной отрасли. Выявлены причины оттока специалистов из отрасли и определены проблемы при решении кадровой обеспеченности в сфере физической культуры и спорта на территории Красноярского края.

Ключевые слова : физическая культура и спорт, государственный образовательный стандарт, подготовка кадров на территории Красноярского края, среднее и высшее профессиональное образование.