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DOI 10.14526/01_1111_154
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL-SPORTS ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT AMONG STUDENTS IN ORDER TO TRAIN FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Svetlana N. Klyuchnikova - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area 100 th anniversary of Lenin's birth, Building, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E- mail: klucnik67@mail.ru
Olesya V. Demidenko - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Saint-Petersburg State Cinema and Television Institute, 13, Str. Pravda, St. Petersburg, 191119, Russia E- mail: sports_73@mail.ru
Nadegda V. Gushchina - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Northern-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41, Str. Kirochnaya, Building, St. Petersburg, 191015, Russia E- mail: nadegushina@rambler.ru
Annotation. Many specialists admit the necessity to improve the system of physical upbringing among students of secondary and higher educational establishments, directed at the future specialists trainingfor physical readiness normatives fulfillment. The absence of realized by students connection between the taught subject and professional training decreases the interest of the future teachers in this educational discipline. Moreover, students' interest in physical culture also decreases, as they don't get skills of self-education and self-development in this sphere of the future professional activity. Materials. Theoretical substantiation of the effectiveness increase importance of physical-sports activity management among students for more qualitative trainingfor professional activity. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature, progressive pedagogical experience of specialists- practitioners in the sphere of physical culture analysis and summarizing, observations, pedagogical experiment, testing, mathematic treatment of material. Results. The leading pedagogical conditions of physical-sports activity management effectiveness ways increase among students are revealed: the system of students' professional training objectives creation by means of physical culture and sport; the role and place ofphysical culture and sport understanding in general system of professional education, intellectual, spiritual-moral and physical development; a rational correlation ofphysical culture and sport means with other means of training graduates of secondary and higher educational establishments revelation; educational and educational-training physical culture lessons orientation to intellectual qualities development, which are necessary for the future professional activity and spiritual-moral features of a personality development. Conclusion. The ability formation to mobilize own creative potential, reorientation of the accumulated pedagogical experience to the activity of a new kind and the system of young specialists training change in order to work in modern conditions is the main direction of students' physical upbringing system modernization.
Keywords: physical-sports activity, students, professional labor, pedagogical conditions, pedagogical experiment, general physical readiness.
Urgency. Modern system of secondary and higher professional education makes great demands on general and professional culture,
intellectual, spiritual-moral and physical development. It conditioned the inevitability of a new paradigm processes of social
development and education formation. State policy in the sphere of professional education is oriented at the conditions provision, which provide maximum realization of personal qualities during educational program mastering. Quick development of other countries economics determined the necessity to get rid of the stereotypes of the future specialists training, who are ready to manage industry and other spheres of national economy development. It led to more severe demands made on the quality of training pedagogical staff, who is to provide necessary platform for knowledge mastering by school leavers, without which it is impossible to provide training of secondary and higher educational establishments graduates, who are ready to change the leaders and managers of industrial activity.
That is why there appears the question about the correspondence of the existing students' conditions with the demands of modern kinds of manufacturing. The necessity to observe production process, to reveal important things for the nearest future, close and further perspective, manage psychological- emotional state during the whole day; have specific endurance, which provides the ability to make effective decisions concerning different production problems during a working day, including the period of mental and physical tiredness- all these things make great demands on kinesiological potential and, first of all, on optimal physical readiness.
The aim of this research work is theoretical importance substantiation of physical-sports activity management effectiveness increase among students for more qualitative training for professional activity fulfillment.
Objectives:
1. To reveal the conditions of the ways effectiveness increase to manage physical-sports activity as a structural component of the future production process.
2. To check the effectiveness of these conditions during the pedagogical experiment.
Material. Dynamism of changes in the system of modern education: informatization,
transfer from traditional to personality oriented approach, the necessity to provide production processes humanization and intellectualization conditioned the need for students' training technologies renewal. It provides not only material-technical base renewal and strengthening, educational-production activity provision for modern equipment, but also new technologies of pedagogical activity use, the base of which forms the orientation to intellectual, spiritual-moral and physical upbringing.
Many specialists (V.K. Balsevich, 2000; Z.M.Kuznetsova, Y.P. Simakov, 2009; V.I. Stolyarov, 2009; I V. Manzheley, 2010; L.D. Nazarenko^, 2012, 2014; L.I. Lubysheva, V.P. Mochenov, 2015 and others) point out that the existing system of physical upbringing among students of secondary and higher educational establishments doesn't provide the problems of their intellectual, spiritual-moral and physical development solution. Physical culture teachers' activity and physical culture state programs analysis proves that there is some discrepancy between the orientation of educational-training lessons, used physical upbringing means and methods and the objectives of the future professional activity. It is the reason for creation of physical-sports activity new methodology management among students, which is based on the objectives of training for the future professional activity by means of physical culture and sport. In order to improve the ability to concentrate attention on the most difficult productive problem solution we need specific thinking development, directed at mastering logic of production technology improvement. It conditions the necessity to choose physical culture and sport means, directed at logic objectives of different type solution, for example, if for health indices improvement it is reasonable to use the system of special physical exercises, then what kind of these exercises should be systematically fulfilled by a student of a higher educational establishment with the prospect of readiness increase to the future professional activity? If physical exercises have different influence on an organism, what kind of exercises should a
person choose and what are the conditions of their fulfillment?
Answering these questions provides thinking activity stimulation of students from different special educational establishments, directed at physical upbringing process development and modernization at secondary and higher educational establishments. Moreover, such kind of an approach to thinking activity stimulation in the sphere of physical culture and sport conditions the necessity to search for personality oriented approach to physical upbringing of students, depending on the kind of the future professional activity. Each director of production, highly-qualified organizer of labor activity, the executor of the definite labor operations needs such kind of intellectual qualities, as professional memory, analytical abilities, the skill of directions and ways of technological processes modernization prediction and others. It demands the use of motional tasks at educational-training lessons, which provide general and logic memory, the ability to summarize phenomena and processes development and improvement, their comparison, the reasons revelation of their appearance and the search for the ways of their solution.
The offered methodological approach to physical culture educational-upbringing process organization changes the attitude of students to physical-sports activity. The future participants of modern manufacturing processes understand, that University system content of physical upbringing not only provides their professional readiness improvement, but also provides the definite prospect of intellectual development and improvement and it makes physical culture and sport the integral component of professional training among graduates of secondary and higher educational establishments.
Scientific and scientific-methodical literature concerning this problem analysis, materials of own research works helped to reveal the leading pedagogical conditions of students' physical-sports activity management increase. The main of them are the following:
- the role and place of physical culture and sport understanding in general system of professional education, intellectual, spiritualmoral and physical development;
- a rational correlation of physical culture and sport means with other means of training graduates of secondary and higher educational establishments revelation ;
- the system of students' professional training objectives creation by means of physical culture and sport;
- educational and educational-training physical culture lessons orientation revelation to intellectual qualities development, which are necessary for the future professional activity, spiritual-moral features of a personality development and physical readiness indices increase.
Results and their discussion. In order to check the expediency of these conditions realization we held a pedagogical experiment. 62 female students from natural-geographic faculty of a pedagogical University took part in the experiment. The control group (CG), which included 30 students and the experimental group (EG), which included 30 students were organized. Before the pedagogical experiment the test was held in order to reveal the initial level of physical readiness. The following control exercises were used: 100 meters running, 1000 meters running, standing longjump; straight legs lifting till touching the floor over the head (quantity); pull-ups (quantity). The received results handling didn't reveal considerable differences according to the level of physical readiness among students form the CG and the EG ^>0,05). Moreover, the following indices were taken into consideration: attendance of physical culture educational establishments; students' activity physical culture lessons; participation in theoretical questions discussion in the sphere of physical culture and sport and participation in sports-mass events of the department, University, region, town.
Physical culture lessons in the CG were held according to generally adopted methodology in accordance with the physical culture program. In the EG offered by us methodological approach to effectiveness
increase of students' physical-sports activity management was used in order to train them for professional activity. Students from the EG were explained, that the main place in professional-pedagogical activity takes many-sided personality study of each pupil, his individual peculiarities, specific traits of character revelation, which are demonstrated during cooperative activity. It gives the formation level of pupils' physical-sports activity skills organization the leading place in professional activity of biology and geography teacher.
Moreover, teachers and form masters have definite duties in the sphere of physical upbringing. Taking this into account in the EG at physical culture lessons the future teachers got acquainted with the specificity of physical activity of secondary school age children; with the duties of form masters and teachers in the definite problems of physical upbringing solution. From personal experience of school and University life the future teachers give an estimation to collective physical and sports forms of work, which unite pupils, create the conditions for own character, worldview, interaction with other people demonstration; for the formation level of ethical-volitional and moral qualities estimation.
In the EG the orientation of physical upbringing lessons was revealed, which provided the skills formation of physical-health-improving events organization and realization before the lessons, during the lessons; in outdoor games organization during a big break, excursions over the town and region, trips with parents organization. During each form of physical-sports activity use the possibilities of physical exercises for the upbringing objectives solution were revealed: ethical-volitional and moral qualities development and improvement (for example, during some game it was underlined, that this game was for honesty demonstration, courage, resoluteness development, will power upbringing and etc.).
Such kind of an approach determines the specificity and content of physical culture lessons at a higher educational establishment. Students were explained in what conditions
physical exercises provided single-mindedness, perseverance, diligence, mutual help and other ethic -volitional and moral qualities development. Each physical culture lesson in the EG was held with the use of original motional tasks, which stimulate intellectual and cognitive activity, perception, attention development; provide memory, logic thinking, analytic skills development. The leading principle of education and upbringing of students from the EG is personality oriented approach to students' individual abilities and skills revelation, their inclinations to work with pupils of different age.
After the end of the pedagogical experiment one more test was held, the results of which showed the following: the level ofphysical readiness increased in both groups, the CG and the EG, however, in the EG the results turned out to be considerably higher. In the CG with the initial results in standing long-jump with hands swing 158,1±8,6 centimeters to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results increased to 5,3% (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 157,8±10,9 centimeters indices increase was 11,3%, (p<0,05). In straight legs lifting tUl touching the floor over the head in the CG with the initial results 7,72±0,29 times to the end of the experiment the results improved to 6,4°% (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 7,45±0,31 times to the end ofthe pedagogical experiment the results increase to 11,7% (p<0,05). The same tendency of more considerable indices of general physical readiness improvement in the EG was revealed according to other control exercises. In the EG the indices of attending physical culture lessons turned out to be higher. During the whole period of the pedagogical experiment there were no cases of missing a lesson without any reason in the EG, but in the CG students missed 36 hours without any reason. During pedagogical observations of the expert group it was set that the students from the EG more actively fulfill each motional task, show creativity in discussing the questions concerning physical-sports activity organization with schoolchildren, taking into account their individual peculiarities. Students form the EG also actively got acquainted with sports literature, recommended by physical culture teacher.
Conclusion. Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that the base
of physical culture educational-upbringing process organization among students of secondary and higher educational establishments should form the methodology of professional training for the future labor activity, which changes the attitude of students to this educational discipline and transfers it from optional disciplines into obligatory ones.
References
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Submitted: 01.12.2016 Received: 04.12.2016
Svetlana N. Klyuchnikova - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, Area 100 th anniversary of Lenin's birth, Building, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E- mail: klucnik67@,mail.ru
Olesya V. Demidenko - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Saint-Petersburg State Cinema and Television Institute, 13, Str. Pravda, St. Petersburg, 191119, Russia, E- mail: sports_73@mail.ru Nadegda V. Gushchina - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Northern-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41, Str. Kirochnaya, Building, St. Petersburg, 191015, Russia, E- mail: nadegushina@rambler.ru
