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0MEXANIKA FANINI O ZLASHTIRISHDA INTENSIV USULLARDAN FOYDALANISH BO YICHA ADABIYOT(MAHALLIY VA HORIJIY)LARNI QIYOSIY O RGANGANLIK HUSUSIDA.
Isaboyev Sharafiddin
Namangan muhandislik-qurilish instituti, "Materiallar qarshiligi va mexanika" kafedrasi
dotsenti v.b.
E-mail: shisaboyev@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12789635
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Mexanika fanini ozlashtirishda intensiv usulda o'qitish uchun eng maqbul adabiyot yaratish-mahalliy va xorijiy oliy talim muassasalarida yaratilgan mavjud adabiyotlar taxlili o'rganilgan va yoritilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: Farmon va qaror, texnika, texnologiya, o'qitish metodikasi, kompetentlik, talabalar.
REGARDING THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LITERATURE (DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN) ON THE USE OF INTENSIVE METHODS IN MASTERING
MECHANICAL SCIENCE.
Abstract: In this article, intensive training in mastering the subject of mechanics to create optimal literature-the analysis of existing literature created in domestic and foreign higher educational institutions is studied and highlighted.
Keywords: Decree and regulation, methodology, technology, teaching methods, competence, students.
ПО ПОВОДУ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ (ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ И ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ) ПО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЮ ИНТЕНСИВНЫХ МЕТОДОВ В ОСВОЕНИИ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ.
Аннотация: В этой статье интенсивное обучение в освоении предмета механика для создания оптимальной литературы-изучен и освещен анализ существующей литературы, созданной в отечественных и зарубежных высших учебных заведениях.
Ключевые слова: Указ и постонавление, методика, технология, методика обучения, компетентность, студенты.
KIRISH
О^ЬеЫБШп Rеspublikаsi Prеzidеntining 2017 yil 20 аprеldаgi "Oliy talim tizimini yanаdа rivоjlаntirish chоrа-tаdbirlаri to,g,risida"gi PQ-2909-sоnli qаrоridа "... yangi аvlоd o' quv аdаbiyotlаming yaratish vа ulari оНу ta'lim muаssаsаlаrining ta lim jаrаyonigа kеng tаtbiq etish, оliy talim muassasalarini zamоnaviy o'quv, o,quv-mеtоdik va ilmiy adabiyotlar bilan taminlash, shu jumladan, eng yangi hоrijiy adabiyotlar sоtib оlish va tarjima qilish, ахЬого^ rеsurs markazlari fоndlami muntazam yangilab bоrish" Oliy talim tizimini kеlgusida yanada kоmplеks rivоjlantirish bo'yicha eng muhim vazifalardan biri etib qat'iy bеlgilangan [1].
Mazkur korsatmalar asosida malakali kadrlar tayyorlash bоrasida оНу talim tizimi оldida mavjud dоlzarb muammо va kamchiliklari bartaraf etishga yo'naltirilgan. Xususan, talim mazmuni va sifatiga atohida e^t^r qaratilayotgan bugungi kunda, barcha sohalarda bo'lgani kabi tехnika talim yo'nalishlarida ham o'quv adabiyotlari mazmuni va shaklini tanqidiy- taхliliy
monitornig qilish asosida yangi avlod darsliklarni yaratish, talim bosqichlari kesimida ularning uzviyligi-uzluksizligini ta'minlash barobarida islohotlar olib borish zarurlignni tasdiqlaydi.
ASOSIY QISM
Yaratiladigan har bir darslik eng avvalo, ta'lim-tarbiya maqsadlariga, davlat talim standartlariga mos kelishi, tegishli fan asoslarning xayot bilan hamnafasligini taminlagan holda tabiat va jamiyat rivojlanishi qonunlarni tushunishda talim oluvchilarga ko'maklashuvchi vositalardan biri bolmogi lozim.
Talim-tarbiya jarayonida eng muhim orni tutuvchi darslik, talim oluvchilar tomonidan davlat talim standarti va o'quv dasturida belgilangan bilimlar, ya'ni o'quv-biluv materiallari1 faol va ongli suratda ozlashtirilishini taminlashga moljallangan asosiy o'quv kitobidir.
Talim beruvchi va talim oluvchilar faoliyatlarni darslik vositasida uyg'unlashtirishning shakl va usullari darslikdan foydalanishning metodik qollanmasida ifodasini topadi. Metodik qollanma barcha didaktik vositalari ta'lim-tarbiya jarayonlariga jalb etishda pedagogning go'yoki ishonchli "maslahatchisi" hisoblanadi. Binobarni, metodik qollanma darslik yaratishga asos bolib xizmat qiladi.
Darslik yaratish jarayonidari faoliyatni umumlashgan holda to'rt bosqichga ajratish mumkin, bu jarayondan keyin, darslikning uzluksiz takomillashuv jarayoni boshlanadi va u qayta nashr - takomillashish shaklida ilmiy-tadqiqiy tarzda rivojlana boradi.
Dastlab asosiy e'tibor talim oluvchilarga qanday o'quv-biluv materiallarni xavola etish va qay tarzda yetkazish singari muammolarni xal etish kozda tutiladi. So'ngra esa talim maqsadi, mazmuni, tarkibi, tuzilishi va ijtimoiy funksiyalari muayyan o'quv fani shaklida namoyon qilinadi. Bunda barcha oquv fanlari umumiy maqsad tevaragida betakror vazifasi bilan uyg'unlashadi. S hu tariqa darslik yaratishning birnichi va ikkinchi bosqichlarda asosan talimning maqsadi, mazmuni, uning tarkibiy qismlari, tuzilishi, ijtimoiy funksiyalari har tomonlama taxliliy o'rganiladi va tolaqonli shakllantiriladi. Darsliklarning yuqoridagi funksiyalari konsepual ahamiyat kasb etib, barcha o'quv fanlarida bunga amal qilinishi lozim.
Yuqorida takidlanganidek, barcha sohalarda o'quv adabiyotlari yangi avlodini yaratishda amaldari DTS, TTS, o'quv dastur va o'quv rejalar eng muhim tayanch vazifalari bajaradi.
Shu nuqtai nazardan qaraganda, eng avvalo DTS, o'quv dastur va o'quv
rejalarni takomillashtirish borasida qilinishi zarur bo'lgan ilmiy- pedagogik muammolar, ularni yaratishga qo'llaniladngan asosni metodik talablar hamda bu borada mavjud muammolarni bartaraf etishga qaratilgan ilmiy asoslangan tavsiya va takliflar xususida fikr-mulohazalar yuritish lozim.
Jamiyatning rivojlanish tendensiyasi talim-tarbiya jarayonlarni takomillashuviga mos keladi, yani bilimlar dinamik tarzda o'sib, yangi bosqichlarga chiqadi.
Tabiiyki, bunday murakkab jarayonlar talim-tarbiya jarayonlari o'zining g'oyat murakkabligi, uzluksiz ravishda takomillashuvchanligi va davomiyligini talab qilayotgan shu kunlarda pedagog-olimlar oldiga nafaqat usib kelayotran yosh avlodni, balki jamiyatdagi barcha faol fuqaro-shaxslarni ozlari yashaydigan ijtimoiy-siyosiy muhit - xayotga munosib ravishda tayyorlash va qayta tayyorlash kabi real xayotiy talablar ijrosini taminlashga va muntazam ravishda yangilanishga yo'naltirilgan vazifalari quyib boradi.
Oxirgi yillarda o' quv dasturlarni takomillashtirish, yangidan shakllanmrish, amaliyotga tadbiq etish, talim nazariyasi va amaliyoti, darsliklari baxolash mezonlari
jarayonlarida xal etilishi lozim bo'lgan muammolar U.Q.Musayev, R.F.Safarova, D.Shodiyev, M.Rixsiyevalar hamda ta'lim-tarbiya jarayonlarida axborot-kommunikatsion texnologiyalari qo'llash samaradorligini oshirishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari, pedagogik shart-sharoitlar, shuningdek, elektron o' quv-metodik majmualar yaratishning ilmiy-metodik talablari R.Juraev, F.M.Zokirova, A.A.Abdukodirov, N.I.Taylakov, A.R.Xodjaboev,
G.A.Rasulova kabi pedagog-olimlar tomonidan atroflicha tadqiq qilingan.
Talim sifatini boshqarishning nazariy-metodologik, tashqiliy-pedagogik konseprual asoslari, kadrlar tayyorlashdagi ilmiy-pedagogik muammolar va yo'nalishlar Sh.E.Qurbanov, E.Seytxalilov, H.Saidov, R.Sh.Axliddiov hamda kasbiy pedagogik faoliyat muammolari R.J.Joraev, Q.T.Olimov, N.A.Muslimov, M.H.Usmonboyeva,
H.Abdukarimov, O.O.Daminov, B.M.Mirzahmedov, A.H.Fafforov, H.H.Saidova, N.Urazov, M.A.Davlatov, A.Nabiyev, P.Matkarimov singari pedagog-olimlarning tadqiqotlarida ilmiy asoslangan.
O' quv adabiyotlari yangi avlodini yaratishning ilmiy-pedagogik va didaktik asoslari, elektron darsliklar yaratish texnologiyasi, masofali talim imkoniyatlari, darsliklar sifatini boshlashning nazariy va metodik asoslari QT.Olimov, R.F.Safarova, N.I.Taylakov hamda zamonavny innovatsion talim texnologiyalari nazariyasi va amaliyoti N.H.Avliyakulov, R.J.Ishmuhammedov, N.A.Muslimov, H.Ya.Karimov, N.Sayidaxmedov, U.Q.Tolipov, M.H.Usmonboyeva singari pedagog-olimlarning fundamental ilmiy tadqiqotlari e'tiborga molikdir.
Shuningdek, MDH pedagog-olimlari S.Antonova, V.P.Baspal'ko, M.A.Dubnik, A.Kusanov, I.M.Osmolovskaya, V.M.Rozin, L.Tyo'rnia, A.V.Xutorskoy kabilar o'quv adabiyotlari yangi avlodini hamda V.S.Zaytsev, G.QSelevko, M.A.Feodorovalar esa talim-tarbiya jarayonlarida innovatsion pedagogik va axborot-kommunikatsion texnologiyalardan foydalanish muammolarni xal etish yuzasidan mukammal ilmiy tadqiqotlar olib borganlar.
Horijlik Allen J.H., Assmann V., Selke R., Ansel S. Ugural, Beer F.P., Johnston E.R., De Sholf J.T., Mazurek D.F., Gere J.,Timoshenko S., Nibbeler R.C., Nash, SH.A., Green O., John T. De SHolf singari pedagog-olimlarning bevosita mavzuga aloqador darsliklar yaratish texnologiyalarni takomillashtirish va ulardan amalda foydalanish metodikasini tadqiqi bo'yicha ilmiy-pedagogik izlanishlari natijasida yaratgan darsliklari ham ahamiyatlidir.
So'nggi yillarda horijiy texnik oliy ta'lim muassasalari professor-o'qituvchilari tomonidan tayyorlanayotgan o'quv-uslibiy materiallar, darslik va qollanmalar ham talim sifatini sezilarli darajada oshishiga xizmat qilishini korishimiz mumkin;
Jumladan,
https://eng.libretexts.org/B ookshelves/Introductory_ Engineering/EGR_1010%3A_Introduction_to_Engin eering for Engineers and Scientists/14%3A Funda mentals of Engineering/14.11%3A Mechanics/14.1
I.01%3A Statics havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(1 -rasm)
......-»XI
fnrcn und Miuiuuiil dlaurüm (with coordina!« vvHluni)
i orc.fts and moments defined
In order to solve this oroblim we n««d to not* that this Is a statics problem as there is no motion (the let and that is r - mg. -■ Solution
Sine* this la a static* problem we use the following equations.
Vm « -o
Which leads to
- Fr II
http://textbook-miraen.cdn.x-cdn.com/textbook/newbook/high/physics/%EA%B 3 %A0)%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99 1 %EA%B5%90%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%20 %EA%B5%90%EA%B3%BC%EC%84%9C.pdf havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi. (2-rasm)
https://serc.snu.ac.kr/wp-
content/uploads/sites/80/2022/a/12 1 1 2 %EB%93 %B 1%EC%86%8D%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99 % EB%8F%84%EC%9E%85 %EC%88%98%EC%A0 %95%EC%9E%90%EB%A3%8C.pdf havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, fan sifatida shkllanish tarixi-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(3-rasm)
https://www.pdfdrive.com/theoretical-mechanics-e7357440.html havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(4-rasm)
https://archive.org/details/targtheoreti calmechanics/p
age/152/mode/2up?view=theater
havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan
materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa
va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi
uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda
o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi. (5-rasm)
^Theoretical JW?ch a n ics
https://archive.org/details/movnin-izrayelit-theoretical-mechanics-mir- 1970/page/108/mode/2up havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bolgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o,zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(6-rasm)
https://pdfdrive.to/filedownload/textbook-on-theoretical-mechanics
havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bolgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o,zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(7-rasm)
https://vk.com/doc619235260_572166447?hash=Qs
uWGwi8IvXiY21XBSHplbLVUl2YOeAUfbO5R9E
f8oc
havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bolgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o,zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(8-rasm)
Figure 3 5-2 is a sketch thai shows the acceleration and velocity vectors
y «, »im ^ i Kim
Figure 3.5.2: The airplane lands with an initial vrioäty of 70.0 nts and slows » a final vttoty of 10.0 n»s before heading fat die terminal. Note die acceleration a oegroe because is direction is opposite 10 ils velocity, which is positive.
Significance
The final velocity is much less ihn ihr initia! velocity, as desired when slowing down, bat is still positive (see figu With jet engines, reverse thrust can be maintained long enough 10 stop the plane aid start moving it backward, wtnc indicated by a negative final velocity, bat is not the case here.
In addition to being useful in problem solving, [he equation v = «0 ♦ ai gives us insight into the relationships among ve acceleration, and time. We can see, for example, that
https://vk.com/doc619235260 573622317?hash=8K YjQfGZuhr2vgdHzKX4 SfBzzcCziNiQqQhsOIrYgb D
https://vk.com/doc619235260_576554195?hash=v0k C8SazOqGnyJAfeGilkGv5vm5cPDuFXOiwbHZRA s4
havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bolgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o,zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(9-rasm)
https://www.academia.edu/33990203/Theoretical_M echanics
https://archive.org/details/mechanicstheor00hoskrich /page/144/mode/2up havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(10-rasm)
https://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/6544/1/Theo rMechanics.pdf
https://kpfu.ru/staff files/F150766662/Teoreticheska ya mekhanika. Teoriya mekhanizmov i mashin 2 018_2.pdf havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(11-rasm)
https://teach-in.ru/file/methodical/pdf/theoretical-mechanics-M.pdf
https://teach-in.ru/file/synopsis/pdf/theoretical-mechanics-stepanyants-M.pdf http://160592857366.free.fr/joe/ebooks/Mechanical %20Engineering%20Books%20Collection/THE0R Y%200F%20MACHINES/Mechanisms and Mecha nical%20devices%20sourcebook%205e%20NEIL% 20SCLATER.pdf havola orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan materialda -taqdim etilgan malumotlar juda qisqa va aniq, masalalar esa reallikka asoslanganligi uchun ham-talabalar tomonidan qisqa muddatda o'zlashtirilishiga erishiladi.(12-rasm)
И lLlin.Mn.lb — КЛ<1к«. X.. V_iye.lNa.Mll ыееь и 1.мечены ви$мижные перемещения
звеньев, которые сохраняются после образования пары.
Таблица 2 - Классификация кинематических пар
Кннеыатиче екая пара и Шар-плоскость Цилиндр - плоскость & Сферическая "ff Цилиндрическая т Поступательная ..о!
Сферическая с пальцем
обозначение 4 4 -L. t>r
Число
степеней свободы.' 5/1 4/2 3/3 2/4 1/5
класс пары
Для постоянного соприкосновения звеньев в кинематических парах должно быть обеспечено замыкание пары.
Замыкание может быть: кинематическое (конструктивное) -
https://www.infobooks.org/free-pdf-books/engineering/mechanical-engineering/
Published bySCTE&VT, Odisha, Bhubaneswar-12
https://sctevtodi sha.nic.in/en/
secretarysctevt@gmail.com,
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Thus, the necessary and sufficient conditions of equàbnum fa a system of co-planar and non-concurrent forces are
(i) The algebraic sum of the reserved parts of the forces along any direction is equal to zero (i e.,IX= 0),
(i) The algebraic sum of the resolved parts of the forces along a directional rtgtit angles to
the previous direction is equal to zero (i.e. IY = 0) and (i) The algebraic sum of the moments of the forces about any point intheir plane is equal to zero (i.e. IM = 0).
TYPES OF EQUILIBRIUM
mi'«
Fig 2-t
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To Jean, Leslie, Lori, John, Nicholas and To Judy, Nicholas, Jennifer, Timothy Engineering Mechanics: Statics, Third Edition 200 First Stamford Place, Suite 400 Stamford, CT 06902 USA
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
STATICS
EngineeringMechanics, Statics and Dynamics, Irving H. Shames Professor Dept. of Civil, Mechanical and Eirvirorrmenrul En,qirierring The George Washington Univ
XULOSA
Mualliflar tomonidan esa texnika yo'nalishidagi umumkasbiy fanlar yangi avlodini yaratish jarayoni pedagogik muammo sifatida qaralib, darsliklar yaratishning didaktik tamoyillari, shaxsga yo'naltirilgan texnologiyalari taTim sifati-samaradorligira tasiri, modulli hamda so'nggi axborot va pedagogik texnologiyalar asosida darsliklar yaratish muammolari, darsliklar sifati va samaradorlikni baxolash mexanizmlari singari muammolar ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tadqiq etilgan va shu tamoillar asosida o'quv uslubiy materiallar tayyorlashni maqsad etib belgilagan.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar.
1. Ozbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2017 yil 20 apreldagi "Oliy taTim tizimini yanada rivojlantirish chora-tadbirlari to,g,risida"gi PQ-2909-sonli qarori
2. Ozbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlash mahkamasining 2018 yil 10 oktyabrdagi "Oliy taTim muassasalarini o'quv adabiyotlar bilan taminlash to,g,risida"gi VM-816-sonli qarori
3. Bukhgoltsz N.N. Basic course of theoretical mechanics. P. 1. - St-P.: Lan. - 2009. - 480 p.; P. 2. - St-P.: Lan. - 2009. - 336 p.
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14. Golubev Yu.F. Principles of theoretical mechanics. - M.: MSU. - 2000. - 719 p.
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19. Allen J.H. Mechanics of Materials For Dummies // SHiley Publishing. ins., 2011. -384 r. Assmann V., Selke R. Techische Mechanik Band 2: Festigkeitslehre Oldenbourd Verlag. 2009. XI, -432 r.
20. Ansel S. Ugural, "Mechanics of Materials" // edition english, USA. February 26, 2007. -736 pages (Texnologicheskiy institut N'yu-Djersi).
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22. Gere J.,Timoshenko S. Mechanics of MateriaJs, PSHS Publshing Company, - Boston: 2006. 70 r.
23. Nabiyev А. Creation of nesh generation textbooks for technical educational institutions based on innovative technologies // Progressive Academic Publishing. Europeal Journal ofRescarch аld Reflection in Educational Sciences Vol. 8 No. 5, 2020. ISSN 2056.5852. - 94-98 page.
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