9Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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MAIN THEMES OF LITERATURE IN XIX CENTURY ENGLISH
LITERATURE
Zamira Rahimovna Bakhramova
Teacher of Foreign Languages Department, Bukhara Engineering Technological Institute
ANNOTATSIYA
Ushbu maqolada ingliz adabiyotining taniqli yozuvchilarining sanalari, ularning adabiy asarlari, yozuv uslublari va mavzulari ko'plab tadqiqotlarning diqqat markazida bo'lgan.
Kalit so'zlar: Sotsiologik metod, inson fojiasi, ma'naviyat, realizm, jamiyat, metod, tahlil, ijtimoiy hayot, ijtimoiy sinflar, jamiyat qiyofasini tahlil qilish.
ABSTRACT
In this article includes dates of prominent writers of English literature, their literary works, writing styles and themes have been the focus of many studies.
Keywords: Sociological method, human tragedy, spirituality, realism, society, method, analysis, analysis, social life, social classes, analysis of the image of society.
Literature, in fact, is one of the most influential factors in the social development of society. Raising the social consciousness of society and its comprehensive development is carried out by increasing attention to literature. Based on various literary works, the mind, worldview and aspirations of literary people The 19th century in England was defined by a combination of factors including but not limited to social status, family name, gender, birthright, prestige and wealth, which determined much about the course of a person's life.
Worst of all, the hero himself struck some of the earliest reviewers as having "no character at all"[1]. This treatise can be useful for those who study the main features of society in 19th century English literature. It is important to be able to use materials during the teaching of literary theory and foreign literature courses at the university.
British literature is written in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands. This article discusses British literature written in English. In addition to discussing Latin and Anglo-Norman literature, which relate to the early history of the English language and literature, there is also discussion of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) literature. The main debate is found in the several articles on Scottish
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti
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Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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literature, however there is also a brief overview of significant authors who wrote in the language. The 19th-century literature in Britain is categorized into three periods: Romanticism (1798-1837), Victorian Age (1837-1901), and Edwardian Age (19011910). The Romantics were a group of writers who rejected the ideas of the Enlightenment period that dominated much of European philosophy. They placed great value on individual accomplishments and believed that everyone, regardless of their social class or financial standing, had the ability to appreciate art and literature. The works of this era mainly featured depictions of nature, and the poets would use personification often to convey their innermost feelings. Famous poets during this period include John Keats, William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Thomas Grey.
The Victorian Era, which lasted from 1837 to 1901, holds a prominent position in the history of English literature. During this period, Queen Victoria ruled England for sixty-four years from the age of eighteen until her death, setting a historic record for one of the longest reigns in England's history. The Victorian era was marked by significant social and historical transformations that altered the country's structure, leading to exponential expansion of the British Empire and almost doubling its population. Technological advancements and industrial progress made Britain one of the most influential nations globally.
The Victorian Era was a time of prosperity, restructuring, and changes in English Literature history. As the lower class became more self-conscious, the middle-class gained power, while the rich became vulnerable in society. Similar to Elizabethan England, the Victorian Era experienced a great expansion of prosperity, prestige, and culture. Democracy, feminism, workers' unionization, socialism were some of the most discussed topics of the time[2].
Although industrial progress brought growth and development, poverty and exploitation were also prevalent phenomena. The poor were hired for industrial labor at meager wages.
The Victorian era was a period of contradictions, often referred to as the Victorian Compromise. There were differences between science and religion, leading to various conflicts. Secondly, the gap between the rich and the poor widened drastically, with the wealthy becoming wealthier and the poor becoming poorer. The rich employed labor at a very cheap rate.
During the European period, Charles Darwin created a book called 'Origin of the Species'. This publication sparked a major controversy in Europe as Darwin argued that species thrive and transform through natural selection or the survival of the fittest. This led to a debate among Victorian people that transformed the way they thought about religion and intellect. Additionally, during this era, Lord Alfred
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
Tennyson also became a popular author. He wrote 'In Memoriam', a reflection on the death of his friend[3].
Later on, after Queen Victoria's 64-year reign, Edward VII ascended to the throne, marking the beginning of the Edwardian Age from 1901 to 1910. Although it lasted for less than a decade, the status of women in society seemed to have increased significantly. This change was seen as a contrast to Queen Victoria's reign, which saw little progress made in this area. During this era, there were also significant developments in science and technology. Notably, the Wright Brothers invented the first airplane.
The literature produced across the world during the 19th century is commonly known as 19th-century literature. For the purpose of this article, it includes literature written between 1799 to 1900[4]. During this period, many literary developments were influenced by changes in various other aspects of 19th-century culture, including visual arts.
However, due to the impact of Irish nationalism, the partition of the island of Ireland occurred in 1921, separating the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland. As a result, literature from the Republic of Ireland is not British, but literature from Northern Ireland is considered both Irish and British.
Appropriate conclusions were drawn about the specific characteristics of the works that illuminate the topic of social life through certain researches. In the field of literary studies, the scientific works, articles, and theses carried out within the framework of this work were introduced, and the necessary information was included in the scientific research work.
REFERENCES:
1. Collins, Philip, ed. Dickens: The Critical Heritage. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971.
2. Rakhimovna, B. Z. (2023). The characteristic features of the main characters in "nicholas nickelby" by charles dickens. So „ngi ilmiy tadqiqotlar nazariyasi, 6(6), 338-342.
https://bestpublication.org/index.php/sit/article/view/7172
3. Barotovna, B. M. (2017). Typology of English and Russian phonological systems. Вопросы науки и образования, (5 (6)), 85-87. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n7typology-of-english-and-russian-phonological-systems
4. Baratovna, B.M. (2018). The concept of pedagogical technology in educational practice. Научные исследования, (6 (26)), 56-57.
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-concept-of-pedagogical-technology-in-educational-practice
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https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/modern-integrations-and-their-benefits-in-teaching-process
6. Barotovna, B. M. (2018). Visibility as a means of creating communicative motivation on teaching oral communication. Academy, (5 (32)), 74-75. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n7visibility-as-a-means-of-creating-communicative-motivation-on-teaching-oral-communication
7. Barotovna, B. M. (2021). Development Of Listening Skills At The Senior Stage Of Teaching English. Web of Scientist: International Scientific Research Journal, 2(10), 119-127.
https://wos.academiascience.org/index.php/wos/article/view/398
8. Barotova Mubashira Barotovna (2018). Taking comparison in English and Russian languages in their specific peculiarities. Academy, (5 (32)), 76-77. https://cYberleninka.ru/article/n/taking-comparison-in-english-and-russian-languages-in-their-specific-peculiarities
9. Barotova Mubashira Barotovna (2019). Actuality of distance learning at present education. Достижения науки и образования, (7 (48)), 55-56. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n7actuality-of-distance-learning-at-present-education
10. Bakhramova Z. R. Depiction of Human Tragedy in "Nicholas Nickelby" By Charles Dickens //Science Time Journal. - 2023. - Т. 1. - №. 4. - С. 62-67. Science Time Journal, 2023. uzresearchers.com
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