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17Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-758-763
IMAM AL BUKHARI - GREAT ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP
Sayyora Rashidova
The 3rd year student of International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to one of the great Islamic scholarship Imam al Bukhari and his liveage. In this scientific research his all path of live is deeply described.
Keywords: Al-Adab al-Mufrad, hadith, authentic (sahih) hadith, Al-Tarikh al-Kabir, al-Tarikh al-Saghir, Al-Adab al-Mufrad,
INTRODUCTION
Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari (Persian: ^jt^ j, ) commonly referred to as Imam al-Bukhari or Imam Bukhari, was a Islamic scholar who was born in Bukhara early Khorasan and present day Uzbekistan. He compiled the hadith collection known as Sahih al-Bukhari, regarded by Sunni Muslims as the most authentic (sahih) hadith collections. He also wrote other books such as Al-Adab al-Mufrad. Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari al-Juf was born after the Jumu'ah prayer on Friday , 21 July 810 in the city of Bukhara in Greater Khorasan.
Imam Mohammed Al-Bukhari is considered as one of the most distinguished scholars of Hadith in Islamic history. His book Sahih al-Bukhari, in which the Prophet's words, actions, or habits were collected, is one of the greatest sources of the prophetic influence in history.
His full name is Abu Abdullah Mohamed bin Ismail Al-Bukhari and was born in 194 AH (8100 AD) in Bukhara, one of the present cities of Uzbekistan. His father died when he was young, and he was raised as an orphan by his mother, who educated him well and had a role in sharpening his love and passion for science.
As a child, he had a disease in his eyes which led to fears of losing his eyesight, but he was cured. He was highly intelligent as a child and had strong memory, one of the qualities that helped him later in the collection of the Prophet's words and actions (Ahadiths).
LITERATURE REVIEW
During his youth he memorized the Holy Quran and learned the basics of religion. He had memorized thousands of Ahadiths while he was still a young boy.
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-758-763
Bukhara's atmosphere, which was then one of the centers of science, also helped him. He attended the meetings with scientists and religious scholars frequently.
At the age of 16, he traveled with his mother and brother Ahmed to Mevva to perform the Hajj pilgrimage and stayed there to gain more knowledge. He would go on to stay in the holy city for six years and began to collect ahadiths. ^^ ^jl— ^ ^^ ^jl— ^
Then, he traveled to many countries for the same reason, from Baghdad to Kufa, Damascus, Egypt, Khorasan and others, studying tirelessly and striving to collect more ahadiths. It was said that he did not write any of them until he has done wudu (Islamic procedure for washing parts of the body, a type of ritual purification) and praying two rak'ahs (single unit of Islamic prayers).
His followed a strict method in Hadith, inquiring of the narrators and references, he became a symbol in this section in the good classification and scrutiny.
^ JJ^ fl^V' ^jl—? ^ ^ ^ ^J^
In addition to the basic reference "Sahih al-Bukhari" of the ahadiths, he classified more than twenty books , including "the odd-literature "and "the great history" , which is a book of translations where the names of the modern narrators arranged by the letters of the lexicon, and "the small history" , a brief history of the Prophet and his companions and narrators that came after them.
The story of his authorship of "Al-Jama'ah al-Sahih" or "Sahih al-Bukhari", which is the first classified book in the correct abstract and considered as a proof of eagerness, sincerity and intelligence. It took 166 years of tough trips between countries.
As for the trigger of the idea, Bukhari mentioned it himself, saying: "I was with Ishaq Ibn Rahawi, when he said: If you collected a brief book about the correct norms of Prophet Mohamed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). So I like the idea and started to collect "Al-Jama'ah Al Sahih" Ibn Rahawi was one of the teachers and professors of Al-Bukhari, one of the scholars of Nishapur.
He did not rush out to publish the book and made a lot of reviews, revisions and investigations until he came out with the final version to include 7,275 Hadiths selected by Bukhari out the 600,000 that he received, where he worked hard on checking the narrations in a strict manner.
He set conditions to accept the story of the narrator of the hadith, which is to be
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-758-763
contemporary to those who narrated it, and to have heard the talk out of the person himself, in addition to: trust, justice, discipline, mastery, science and honesty.
His father, Ismail ibn Ibrahim, a scholar of hadith, was a student and associate of Malik ibn Anas. Some Iraqi scholars related hadith narrations from him.
The historian al-Dhahabi described his early academic life:
He began studying hadith in the year 205. He memorized the works of Abdullah ibn al-Mubaarak while still a child. He was raised by his mother because his father died when he was an infant. He traveled with his mother and brother in the year 210 after having heard the narrations of his region. He began authoring books and narrating hadith while still an adolescent. He said, "When I turned eighteen years old, I began writing about the Companions and the Followers and their statements. This was during the time of „Ubaid Allah ibn Musa who one of his teachers. At that time I also authored a book of history at the grave of the Prophet at night during a full moon."
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
At the age of sixteen, he, together with his brother and widowed mother, made the pilgrimage to Mecca. From there he made a series of travels in order to increase his knowledge of hadith. He went through all the important centres of Islamic learning of his time, talked to scholars and exchanged information on hadith. It is said that he heard from over 1,000 men, and learned over 600,000 traditions.
After sixteen years absence, he returned to Bukhara, and there he drew up his al-Jami' al-Sahih, a collection of 7,275 tested traditions, arranged in chapters so as to afford a basis for a complete system of jurisprudence without the use of speculative law.
His book is highly regarded among Sunni Muslims, and considered the most authentic collection of hadith, even ahead of the Muwatta Imam Malik and Sahih Muslim of Bukhari's student Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. Most Sunni scholars consider it second only to the Quran in terms of authenticity. He also composed other books, including al-Adab al-Mufrad, which is a collection of hadiths on ethics and manners, as well as two books containing biographies of hadith narrators.
In the year 864/250, he settled in Nishapur. It was in Nishapur that he met Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. He would be considered his student, and eventually collector and organiser of hadith collection Sahih Muslim which is considered second only to that of al-Bukhari. Political problems led him to move to Khartank, a village near
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-758-763
Samarkand where he died in the year 870/256.
Bukhari wrote three works discussing narrators of hadith with respect to their ability in conveying their material: the "brief compendium of hadith narrators," "the medium compendium" and the "large compendium"
Al-Tarikh al-Kabir (Eng: The great history) known as al-Tarikh al-Saghir, and al-Tarlkh al-Awsa|). The large compendium is published and well-identified. The medium compendium was thought to be the brief collection and was published as such. The brief compendium has yet to be found. Another work, al-Kuna, is on patronymics: identifying people who are commonly known as "Father of so-and-so". Then there is a brief work on weak narrators: al-Du'afa al-Saghir.
Only two of Bukhari's works on hadith survive:
Sahih al-Bukhari - full title, al-Jami' al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar min umur Rasul Allah wa sunnanihi wa ayyamihi - "Collection of Selected True Reports of the Prophet, his Practices and Times"; al-Bukharis famous magnum opus.
After many years, Imam Bukhari returned to his hometown Bukhara. People of the city were extremely happy and greeted him with great zest and zeal. Imam Bukhari established a Madrassah (school) in the city where he spent a great deal of time teaching with satisfaction.
Owing to his honesty, kindness and fact that he was trustworthy, Imam Bukhari used to keep away from the rulers of that time due to the reason that he may incline to say things to please them.
Once the governor of Bukhara, Khalid bin Ahmed, called Imam Bukhari to his house and asked Imam to teach his son. Imam Bukhari, in response to the offer, replied:
"I give greater respect to knowledge rather than to people, for it is they who are in need of the knowledge and it is they who should seek it."
The governor said:
" If my son was to attend your Madrassah (school), he should not sit with ordinary people's children. You (Imam Bukari) would have to teach him separately."
Imam Bukhari answered:
"I cannot stop any person from hearing Hadiths."
Upon hearing this, the governor got angry at him and ordered Imam Bukhari out of Bukhara. However, he then settled in Khartang Village (today known as Hartang) which is about 30 KM from Samarkand, Uzbekistan. After this incident and due to some other reasons, caliph of Baghdad dismissed the governor of Bukhara,
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-758-763
Khalid bin Ahmad. He was expelled from his palace in extreme disgrace and dishonor and then was thrown into prison, where he died after few days.
Expulsion of Imam Bukhari from his homeland caused painful aches inside him. He spent rest of his days in Khartang, Samarkand. On 1 Shawwal 256 AH (870 CE), Imam Al Bukhari passed away at the age of 62 years in a Khartang, Samarkand. The grave of Imam Bukhari is in in Khartang, Samarkand. Scholars Praising Imam Bukhari: Al-Hafiz ibn Rajah Al-Hanbali said about Imam Bukhari: "He (Imam Bukhari) is one of Allah's signs walking on the Earth." Abu Abdullah bin Hammad Al-Marwazi said:
"Muhammad ibn Ismail is the Faqih (Islamic jurist expert in Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law) of this Ummah."
Abu Bakr Mohammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah said:
"I have never seen underneath the sky one who is more knowledgeable and memorizer of the Hadith of the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) than Mohammad ibn Ismail."
CONCLUSIONS
Modern scholars critique al-Bukhari for having a bias when putting hadiths into his collection (Sahih al-Bukhari) regardless of the authenticity of the chain itself. An example of this is when al-Bukhari mentions a hadith about Umar cursing "so-and-so" for selling alcohol. This same report can be found in the Musnad of Ahmed Ibn Hanbal and of Al Humaydi with the same content but with the name of the person intact. The reason for this was that it would hurt the image of the companion of Muhammad, Samura Ibn Jundub.
REFERENCES
1. Bukhari, Imam (194-256H) ^j1^1; An educational Encyclopedia of Islam; Syed Iqbal Zaheer
2. Abdul Qadir Muhammad Jalal et al., "Elevating Imam Al Bukhari: Affirming the Status of Imam Al Bukhari and His Sahih by Dispelling the Misconceptions Surrounding them", Lagos 2021
3. Ghassan Abdul-Jabbar, Bukhari, London, 2007
4. Muhammad 'Isäm 'Arär al-Hasani, Ithäf al-qäri' bi-ma'rifat juhüd wa-amäl al-ulamä' alä Sahih al-BukhärT, Damascus 1407/1987
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-758-763
5. Jonathan Brown, The canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim, Leiden 2007
6. http:// www.old.muslim.uz/index.php/maqolalar.
7. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari
