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Authors information:
Richat B. Mubarakzyanov - coach Children and Youth Sports School of TukaevskMunicipal District 1, New Osmushkina rural settlement, street Central, Republic of Tatarstan, 423872, Russia E-mail: mubarakzianov@outlook.com
For citations: R.B. Mubarakzyanov. Characteristics of sports training of greco-roman style after changing the rules of competitions, The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Pshycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 25-29. DOI 10/14526/04_2017_261.
DOI 10/14526/04_2017_262
HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING INFLUENCE ON A SOLDIER'S BEHAVIOR IN A
BATTLE
Alexseiy A. Chastikhin - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Oleg E. Shebeshtin — Senior Professor of Physical Training Department
Military Educational-Scientific Center of Airforce "Airforce Academy Named after N.E. Zhukovskiy
and Y.A. Gagarin ", Starykh Bolshevikov str. House 54a, Voronezh, 394064, Russia
E-mail: zhusanzhik@smail.com
Annotation. Martial arts appeared as the way of self-defense during the repulsion of the enemy attack. An ancient warrior needed maximum focusing and great physical power, as he had to repulse the attack using improvised means or even "barehanded", without any weapon. In order to get high results in martial arts it is necessary to possess developed physical qualities, quickness of reaction, strength, dexterity, endurance. It is also necessary to be morally sound and mentally stable. Hand-to-handfighting helps to develop mind, temper the spirit, teaches how to think over the strategy and tactics of behavior in different situations. Material. The article is about the peculiarities of hand-to-handfighting organization on a soldier's psyche. Research methods: scientific and special literature analysis and summarizing. Conclusion. Martial arts, in particular hand-to-hand fighting, help a soldier to gain military knowledge, form military skills and abilities, develop self-confidence. Psychological training helps a soldier to support own psychological readiness for immediate combat actions, which helps to control oneself in the extreme situation, overcome death anxiety, fulfill own military duty, protect own Motherland, family and own life. Keywords: hand-to-handfighting, soldier, opponent, martial art.
Russian soldier is traditionally known for his strong spirit, high moral and combat orientation, sense of patriotism, sense of duty, honor.
"Our soldier, - as the Supreme Commander of the Armed forces of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin mentioned, -gain a victory not only with the help of a weapon, but also with the help of his spirit and will. They are stronger than any metal, they help to overcome any difficulties, preserving conscience and honor, pride in our past and present, national dignity of the nation".
In order to achieve high results in martial arts it is necessary to have developed physical qualities, quickness of reaction, strength, dexterity, endurance. It is also necessary to be morally sound and mentally stable. Hand-to-hand fighting helps to develop mind, temper the spirit, teaches how to think over the strategy and tactics of behavior in different situations. Admittedly, it is impossible to "learn" the algorithm of behavior in an extreme situation, but it is possible to focus attention, foresee the opponent's actions, "read" mimicry and gestures, using hand-to-hand fighting lessons and training.
"Martial arts" appeared as the way of self-defense during the repulsion of the enemy attack. An ancient warrior needed maximum focusing and great physical power, as he had to repulse the attack using improvised means or even "barehanded", without any weapon. Great physical power, dexterity and courage brought into the world legends about heroes. Since childhood we heard the stories about Russian bogatyrs (heroes in Russian folklore), who were alone against a great army and gained a victory. In modern world wars are made using weapon of mass destruction. In this case the personality of one soldier is not important, but psychological and physical peculiarities of training soldiers are still used nowadays. No matter how perfect modern weapon is, human factor plays the main role.
Military or army hand-to-hand fighting is one of the kinds of martial arts. In "Hand-to-hand fighting teaching instructions", created for soldiers and commanders of working class-peasant Red Army in 1938, it was written that every soldier should be physically strong, brave; should be able to react quickly to the situation and quickly make decisions as response to enemy's actions; he should be able to use expedient means in defense and attack:
a knife, an ax, a hack, a spade and a stick and be able to disarm the enemy; use hand-to-hand fighting against one or several enemies. In case of these skills development it is possible to master the skills of hand-to-hand fighting.
Analyzing the materials of close combat conduct by K.T. Bulochko, it is possible to note that during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) reconnaissance men, who fulfilled the missions in small groups, used the skills of close combat. As such kind of missions were usually carried out at night and on the unknown territory or even within a restricted space, hand-to-hand fighting techniques use was more than reasonable.
Psychological factor is very important in hand-to-hand fighting.
It may seem that hand-to-hand fighting is only a fight between two or more people. However, in reality it is a science and strategy of conducting a combat, psychological training, which forms the aim "to survive and win".
One of the definitions of hand-to-hand fighting is the following: "a military man's activity in variative-conflict situation". The result of the combat depends on the ability of a soldier to make the best (optimal) decision.
The actions of a military man in hand-to-hand fighting form a complex activity. A military man should estimate the situation very quickly, mentally solve the problem and realize made decisions. At the moment of the unexpected hand-to-hand fighting it is necessary to react quickly. In order to estimate the actions a soldier has several seconds. At the same time, these actions should be effective and should be directed at the aim achievement. In the experimental, quickly changing situation a soldier feels tension, which demands maximum concentration of physical, emotional and volitional efforts.
Psychomotor reaction of a soldier during the moment of combat is realized in a form of movements and technical actions, which are mastered during trainings. Danger of death, time limit, unexpected reaction of the enemy make situation extremely important. Advancing the opponent during the combat,
his actions prediction leads to success. It is important to control own emotions and will, be able to focus own efforts on struggle against fear, stress and pain.
A vivid example of psychological steadiness form soldiers' actions during Chechen war. For example, private Evgeniy Ostroukhov managed to replace commanding officer, who was not able to fight. He led a group of soldiers, who 12 hours defended wounded soldiers from the enemy.
Military vehicle of private Aleksandr Golovin was damaged by a projectile, which was launched by hitmen of Dudaev. Mechanic-driver was badly wounded, but, even bleeding, he helped all members of the vehicle to get out of it. Then with his last strength he drove the burning vehicle to the side of the road in order to let other military vehicles move forward. He lost consciousness, but carried out his mission.
These examples prove the importance of a soldier's psychological readiness.
Eye contact with the opponent also plays a great role during hand-to-hand fighting.
Outer psychic state of a soldier is seen in the pose, rate of extremities movements, facial expression, mimic reactions, gestures and intonation. The state of resoluteness is usually accompanied by straight body, quick speech and shining eyes.
Thus, we can come to the following conclusion: martial arts, in particular hand-to-hand fighting, help a soldier to gain military knowledge, form military skills and abilities, develop self-confidence. Psychological training helps a soldier to support own psychological readiness for immediate combat actions, which helps to control oneself in the extreme situation, overcome death anxiety, fulfill own military duty, protect own Motherland, family and own life.
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Authors information:
Alexseiy A. Chastikhin - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Military Educational-Scientific Center of Airforce "Airforce Academy Named after N.E. Zhukovskiy and Y.A. Gagarin ", Voronezh, Starykh Bolshevikov str. House 54a, 394064, Russia
Oleg E. Shebeshtin — Senior Professor of Physical Training Department, Military Educational-Scientific Center of Airforce "Airforce Academy Named after N.E. Zhukovskiy and Y.A. Gagarin ", Voronezh, Starykh Bolshevikov str. House 54a, 394064, Russia, e-mail: zhuganzhik@gmail.com
For citations: Chastikhin A.A., Shebeshtin O.E. Hand-to-hand fighting influence on a soldier's behavior in a battle, The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Pshycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 29-32. DOI 10/14526/04_2017_262.
