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5
Berdikulova M. T.
lecturer
Department of Geography Karshi State University
GEODEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN KASHKADARYA REGION IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Annotation. This article describes the demographic situation in Kashkadarya region, which has a unique natural increase in the geographical location of the population of Uzbekistan. The geodemographic aspects of the region are analyzed at the district level, the location of the population and the factors influencing it are described.
Key words: population, demography, the Great Silk Road, national composition, population density, labor resources.
The Republic of Uzbekistan was proclaimed as an independent country on 1 st September 1991. Its area is 448.9 thousand square kilometers and its population is 36.2 million people (in 2023.01.01). The urban population rate 51%. It consists of the autonomous republic of Karakalpakhistan and twelve regions: Andijan, Bukhara, Navoi, Namangan, Samarkand, Syrdarya, Surkhandarya, Tashkent, Khorezm, Fergana and Kashkadarya. The Great Silk Road period of the world culture influence our country's science and economy.
Uzbekistan is a multinational country. Over 100 nations live there. They have equal rights. 83 percent of the population is local Uzbek people. There are many other nations in industrial regions and cities.
Kashkadarya region is located in the south of Uzbekistan, in the basin of the river of the same name. It was first created in the Republic of Uzbekistan on January 20, 1943, in 1960-1964 it was merged with the Surkhandarya region, and the current Kashkadarya region was transformed on February 7, 1964 into a separate region. The area ofthe region is 28.6 thousand square kilometers and occupies 6.4% of the country's territory. According to this indicator, Kashkadarya occupies the 4th place after the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Navoi and Bukhara regions.
The Republic of Uzbekistan is the most densely populated country in the world with an average demographic potential. In recent years, the population of Uzbekistan and its regions, as well as the rest of the world, continues to grow, but the growth rate is declining. According to the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the permanent population of the country as of January 1, 2023 was 36,024,9 thousand people, which is 753.6 thousand people or 2.0% more than at the beginning of 2022. By region, the largest population is in Samarkand region (11.4% of the country's population), followed by Fergana (11.1%) and Andijan (9.2%). In terms of its demographic potential, the region
ranks third among the regions of Uzbekistan after Samarkand and Fergana. Kashkadarya region ranks 3rd in the republic in terms of population, and 9.6% of the population of Uzbekistan lives in the region.
The permanent population of the region as of January 1, 2023 is 3482.6 thousand people. The urban population is 1492.3 thousand people (43%), rural -1990.3 thousand people (57%). The population is mainly Uzbeks (92%), but also Tajiks, Turkmens, Russians, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, Azerbaijanis, Koreans, Kyrgyz, Turks, Ukrainians, Belarusians and others.
The region has a relatively high demographic potential and is growing due to natural reproduction. In this regard, the Kashkadarya region belongs to the group of regions with high natural population growth (Surkhandarya, Samarkand, Jizzakh, Khorezm), where the natural population growth is more than 20 %o. In geodemographic studies, fertility is studied as a separate demographic basis for population reproduction. In the demographic situation of the Kashkadarya region, natural reproduction has been growing in recent years. In particular, in 2022, 98.3 thousand births were registered, respectively, the birth rate per 1000 population was 28.5 per thousand. By districts, the highest birth rates are in the Chirakchi, Kamashinsky and Dehkanabad districts:
Table 1. Geodemographic situation in Kashkadarya region (01.01.2023)
Administra- Population Area Birth Death Natural
o: tive units (thous. (thous. sq. reproduction
people) Km)
In numeric units / promille
including countryside::
1 Guzar 217.2 2.65 6202 / 28.5 1009 / 4.6 5193 / 23.9
2 Dehkonabad 156.3 4.00 4602 / 29.4 890 / 5.6 3712 / 23.8
3 Kamashi 286.8 2.66 8374 / 29.1 1154/4 8220 / 25.1
4 Karshi 265.4 0.91 6917 / 26 1729 / 6.5 5190 / 19.5
5 Kasan 304.6 1.88 8729 / 28.6 1125 / 3.6 7604 / 25
6 Kitab 276.3 1.75 7295 / 26.4 1353 / 4.8 5942 / 21.6
7 Mirishkor 126.8 3.21 3492 / 27.5 593 / 4.6 2899 / 22.9
8 Muborak 91.8 3.07 2122 / 23.1 533 / 5.8 1589 / 17.3
9 Nishan 162.7 2.11 4557 / 28 851 / 5.2 3706 / 22.8
10 Kasbi 208.3 0.65 5845 / 28 1391 / 6.6 4454 / 21.4
11 Chirakchi 265.5 1.13 10462/ 39.4 1037 / 3.9 9425 / 35.5
12 Shakhrisabz 231.1 1.66 5528 / 23.9 1261 / 5.4 4267 / 18.5
13 Yakkabag 276.7 1.10 8040 / 29 1251/ 4.5 6789 / 24.5
14 Kokdala 181.6 1.71 4263 / 23.4 613 / 3.3 3650 / 20.1
cities:
14 Karshi c 289.6 0.1 8507 / 29.3 1476 / 5 7031 / 24.3
15 Shakhrisabz c 144.9 0.048 3404 / 23.4 747 / 5.1 2657 / 18.3
The table is compiled on the basis of data from the Kashkadarya regional
statistics department.
As the population grows, so does its geographic distribution and density. The problem of territorial distribution of the population is even more important than the problem of natural population growth and fertility. In 2023, the population density in the region will increase by one square km up to 121 people. In accordance with the natural and geographical environment of the region, the population is unevenly distributed over its territory. Karshi, Kasbi, Shakhrisabz, Yakkabag and Kitab districts, which were traditionally irrigated, are relatively densely populated and sparsely populated in mountainous and desert regions. Since the 1970s, due to the development of new lands in the Nishan, Mirishkor, Kasan, Kasbi districts of the region, the population density has increased significantly due to migrants.
Currently, a small population lives in the Mubarak, Mirishkor, Nishan, Dehkanabad districts of the region, as well as in the pastures of the Kamashi, Chirakchi, Guzar districts. The low population density in areas with a large area is due to the presence of the Karshi Desert in the region. If most of the demographic "load" in Karshi region is associated with the fact that it is located directly around the regional center, then in Shakhrisabz region this situation is associated with the city of Shakhrisabz, which is home to almost 139 thousand people.
The demographic situation in Kashkadarya region is characterized by high birth rate and natural growth, negative migration balance, large number of young people and labor resources (59% of the total population), uneven distribution of territorial location.
References:
1. Буриева М. Демография асослари. -Тошкент, 2001.
2. Bo'riyeva M.R., Tojiyeva Z.N., Zokirov S.S. Aholi geografiyasi va demografiya asoslari. - Toshkent, 2011.
3. Kadirov M.A. Aholi geografiyasi demografiya asoslari bilan. Darslik. -Toshkent, 2019.
4. Солиев А. С. Узбекистон географияси. - Тошкент, 2014.
