CC BY
20
DOI 10.14526/01_1111_158
FUNCIONAL MUSIC USE AT PHYSICAL CULTURE LESSONS DURING THE PROCESS OF PERSONALITY SELF-DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM FORMATION
Anatoly A. Opletin - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: opletin.a@yandex.ru
Annotation. The article presents the research results, directed at the mechanism of personality self-development formation by means ofphysical culture. The mechanism of a student's personality self-development is the influence on the realized and unconscious spheres of students' psyche during physical-sports competency of self-development formation with the use offunctional music. Material. The influence with the help of traditional and nontraditional methods ofphysical culture on different sides of a student's psyche with the help of suggestion and persuasion. At the first stage we create the initial psychological mindset for personality self-development by means of physical culture. Influencing different sides of physical-sports activity of students during the mechanism of self-development competency formation during activity, we transfer the initial psychological mindset into social, which is an effective means of interest increase among students in educational-training process. Research methods: traditional methods SAN, DATES, self-developing activity diagnostics (pedagogical aspect), purposeful pedagogical observation according to created by the aut hor map, which reflects the dynamics of personality self-development activity. Conclusion. Created initial psychological mindsets of physical-sports competencies, formed at physical culture lessons with the use of functional music, transformed into the sphere of unconscious, which didn't get sufficient support in physical-sports activity are lost and socially important mindsets become set and can be demonstrated in case of favorable conditions during listening functional music. Keywords: physical culture, competencies, personality self-development, mindset, mechanisms, functional music.
Introduction. Music at physical culture lessons influences the realized and unconscious spheres of a student's psyche. With the help of music we can select a corresponding melody for a positive influence with vibration on the organism of a person and bring him to a norm for psychical and physical health, provide self-development of a person. Using music at physical culture lessons we help body to start a powerful mechanism of self-regulation and provide students' personality self-development. In different parts of a lesson music fulfills specific functions: before a lesson it disposes students to educational process, at the beginning of a lesson makes the period of involvement quicker, during a lesson is a rhythmic etalon of the studied actions, at the end of the lesson helps to mitigate fatigue quicker and provides
more effective rehabilitation [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Special influence of music in different parts of a lesson, sports training is provided by specially chosen musical program. It is obvious, that a definite structure of music reflects different kinds of mood, which condition its differentiated influence. That is why in order to use music effectively it is necessary to define such musical features, which are the determinants of unequal influence of different musical programs. Such kind of different music influence inequality will be more distinct, first of all, in case of the features determination, which are diametrically opposed in their expressive function. The second requirement to the features is the following: they should provide quick and easy formation of musical programs. In order to use music competently it is
necessary to know some peculiarities of musical expressive means. The first group of means includes musical form, harmony, melodics, the second group includes tempo, tonality and timbre. The features should present the definite characteristics of music in general. The features from the second group mostly correspond with this requirement, as although they change, they don't develop internally.
The scientists' research works showed that these conditions can be the following: psychic state of a sportsman, his attitude to music and perception of music [1,2,5,6].
The influence of music on sports physical exercises is not equal. The quicker major music is (it is perceived softly), the more mistakes are made during power efforts dosing. However, during major slow music estimation more exactly are dosed tempo characteristics of movements, during minor music - spatial characteristics of movements. The more pleasant minor slow music is, the greater amount of work can be fulfilled by a sportsman when he is tired.
For this purpose it is necessary to consider the following:
a) the peculiarities of students' acoustic sense, that is perception of music;
b) the peculiarities of motional perception during the influence of music, that is students' own estimations of the influence of music on fulfilled by them movements and fulfilled sports work. As the theory and practice of sports training showed, if the elements of music are perceived adequately by students, going in for sports. For example, major music in most cases demonstrates joy, liveliness and minor music demonstrates excitement, sorrow, sadness. Then, it is obvious, that there is no sense telling about the elements of music, it is enough to determine their expressive function (for example, music is cheerful and music is sad and etc.) and with the help of sportsmen create musical programs. But if the elements of music are perceived not adequately, then we should speak only about the meaning of music (as an objective not changing reality) and the programs should be created with music specialists.
The aim of the research: to create the mechanism with the use of the functional music functional music program, directed at the competency of a student's personality self-development formation by means of physical culture.
The object of the research:
educational-pedagogical process at a higher educational establishment according to the discipline "Physical culture".
The subject of the research: the process of functional music program creation, directed at normalization of psychic states and physical development of a student's personality during the process of self-development at physical culture lessons.
Objectives:
1. Psychic states of a personality, anxiety, depression normalization.
2. Inner potential as a kind of self-developing activity and outer pedagogical support during personality self-development stimulation.
3. Functional music programs creation, directed at a student's personality self-development at physical culture lessons during the mechanism of self-developing competency creation.
Research methods: traditional methods SAN, DATES, self-developing activity diagnostics (pedagogical aspect), purposeful pedagogical observation according to created by the author map, which reflects the dynamics of personality self-development activity.
Research organization. The research was held on the basis of Physical Culture Institute. 65 students of the specialization "Social-cultural activity", who are second-course students of Culturology department were studied. The stating research was held during physical culture lessons. Time period of the research - 2015-2016.
During the competence formation at the 1st stage of the research there goes the formation of the initial psychological mindset,
where unconscious dominates over convincing social and moral directed influence, creating social moral orientation of a mindset. The mindset is formed at a definite level, which determines its quality. When there are no conditions it is slightly realized and disappears, or is not realized at all. The research works prove, that this mechanism works, if the suggested and convincing interact and are precisely directed at the conditions of realization, which should be formed (I.E. Shvarts, 1971-1982; A.S. Novoselova, 19992010; N.L. Ponomarev, 1999-2015; A.A. Opletin, 2005-2016; L A. Titova, 2008-2015; E.G. Karataeva, 2010-2014). There are the results, received by the psychologists and teachers, that the mechanism of a mindset mainly determines the mechanism of competency and competence formation [3,4,5,6]. In our research work we present the mechanism of physical-sports competencies, oversubjective competencies, self-development competence as a unity formation, which includes two levels. At the first level a mindset is formed and on its base the second level of the upbringing influence is involved. Then a subjective competency is formed, but with the use of the background, directed at its part formation, oversubjective competency is formed. When they are mastered they come to the second level and the influence is equal. During subjective competency formation unconscious sphere of a psyche, the part of which characterizes each from 4 spheres of psyche, during teaching dominates, preserving moral social influence, directed at oversubjective part of a competency formation (A.A. Leontev, 2004). In case of independent works increase, participation in creative activity, competitions and games, strengthening social mindset and increasing the influence on its main part, forming social morality of a personality in this kind of activity. Of course, in case of priority preservation of any mechanism - interaction at all levels. In case of such kind of an approach not only the question of the realized increase in mastering a competency at all levels is solved, but also from the methodology of competency formation, in order to take into consideration
not only receiving of the formed competency, but also conditions, which will help to form it.
Research results. At the first stage of education the main part of students (71%) showed a low relative level of self-development competency, 27%- the average sufficient level and only 2% of students showed a high level, the highest superior level wasn't revealed. At the second stage of education the predominance of a low relative level of personality self-development competency was revealed -59%, the average sufficient level was among 38% of the respondents, a high level had 2% of the respondents, the highest superior level had 1% of the respondents. At the third stage of education, with the use of functional music, a low relative level of self-development competency formation had 29% of students, the average sufficient level had 59% of students, a high level-10% of students and the highest superior level had 2% of students. Students, who study according to the experimental Physical Culture program, acknowledged positive attitude to Physical Culture mastering with its self-developing orientation: at the beginning of the experiment 63% had a low indifferent attitude, 37% had the average relative attitude, at the end of the experiment 56% of the respondents had a high level and 10% had the highest superior level. The indices of depression, asthenia, anxiety among students decreased. A positive dynamics of a competitive ability, steadiness of a moral choice in problem situations were revealed, the respondents demonstrated self-confidence and confidence in their strength.
Conclusion. Music influences different sides of students' physical-sports activity during the mechanism of self-development competency formation and is an effective means of the interest increase in educational-training process. Influencing motivational sphere of a person, perception, psychic states, it is possible to control the process of music influence on physical-sports activity of students. Physical culture teacher and a trainer get a real opportunity to control educational-training process of students in case of music use in physical-sports activity during physical-
sports competencies formation. At the same time, this element optimizes the process of physical-sports lessons by the depth of education and upbringing individualization. Emotional component of the influence on the sphere of unconscious and realized strengthens pedagogical effect. Music is also used as an independent non-traditional method in pedagogical process. It has great potentialities, which influence the effect of personality self-development.
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Submitted: 01.12.2016 Received: 04.12.2016
Anatoly A. Opletin - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia, E-mail: opletin.a@yandex.ru
