CC BY
20
DOI 10.14526/01_2017_180
PHYSICAL-SPORTS ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION AMONG CHILDREN, TEEN-AGERS AND STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF PERSONALITY-BASED APPROACH
Olga N. Valkina - candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Elena E. Funina - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor, Evgeniya O. Panova — candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
E-mail: elena funina@mail.ru
Annotation. The problem of involvement students into systematic physical exercises is one of the most urgent. In spite of its importance understanding in practice of special secondary and higher education organization, in the approaches to physical culture lessons holding among students nothing has changed greatly and it proves the urgency of the hold research work. One of the main approaches to personality oriented approach realization during the process of physical-sports activity is unified pedagogical space creation, which provides the opportunity of specific for every person traits and the peculiarities of the character, worldview, interrelation with people around realization during physical activity. Material. Effective substantiation of personality oriented approach ways realization during the process of physical-sports activity of schoolchildren and students. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature, progressive pedagogical experience of physical culture and sport teachers analysis and summarizing, pedagogical experiment, observations, testing, statistical data handling. Results. The article offers scientifically substantiated approach to a wider use of physical culture and sport means not only for the level of physical fitness increase, but also for intellectual, spiritual-moral development. Conclusion. Experimental results prove the expediency and effectiveness of the offered way of involvement students into different physical exercises with organic independent use of physical culture and sport means. It provides not only physical, but also spiritual-moral development of students. The offered way of physical-sports activity organization helps to set a close connection with other general subjects.
Keywords: physical-sports activity, students, the unity of physical and intellectual activity, personality-oriented approach, physical fitness, attendance and progress.
Urgency. In the theory and methodology of physical upbringing one of the perspective directions is the oncoming generation involvement into systematic physical exercises as the opportunity to realize the individual's need for self-actualization. It conditions the necessity to study motivation of students, on the character of which depends the module of educational-training lessons organization and realization. The base of personality oriented approach to lessons organization is individuality development as the process of self-actualization and self-development, on the basis of pedagogical conditions creation,
providing and supporting positive psycho-emotional state.
Special pedagogical literature analysis proves the fact, that under the influence of an intensive muscular load children and teenagers control their behavior worse and it helps to study the peculiarities and structure of their motivational and specific subjective activity better. Personality-oriented approach use helps to take into consideration students' potentialities for individual aims and objectives setting concerning near-term and future development, development of an individual by means of physical culture and sport as a free choice realization of students,
concerning the way of physical and spiritualmoral development provision [2, 3, 5].
The aim of this research work is the effective ways of personality oriented approach substantiation during the process of physical-sports activity among different age schoolchildren and students.
Objectives of the research:
1. Theoretical and methodical substantiation of the role and place of physical culture means in personality formation, development and improvement.
2. Experimental effectiveness check of this approach offered realization ways.
The effectiveness of the directed physical exercises is conditioned, most of all, by motivation of the activity, which provides kinesiological potential development and improvement at an optimal level depending on the aims and objectives.
That is why the leading component, which provides the effectiveness of physical activity, is a system character of individually directed training load use. The process of a normal organism functioning support is conditioned by physiological mechanisms, which provide qualitative improvement of the functional state. The leading role of physical culture and sport means in personality development is determined by the opportunity to create pedagogical conditions, which make a teen-ager show and master the basis of moral behavior, regulated by the set rules.
Universality of physical exercises influence on an organism is determined by the unity of intellectual and physical, biological and social, the result of which is a gradual development of ethical-volitional, moral and physical qualities [1,4,6]. A traditional approach to physical upbringing organization among children, teen-agers and students is based on the level of physical fitness increase, which is determined by corresponding aims and objectives setting. These aims and objectives condition the choice of the corresponding means and methods.
Offered by us approach to physical-sports activity organization among children, teen-agers and students, on the basis of
personality -oriented approach, helps to determine the content of educational-training process (directed at retarded parameters of personality development) by an objective estimation of intellectual and physical abilities of an individual. For a child with not sufficiently developed level of perception and attention special system of physical exercises and individual motional tasks are selected, which provide the indices of different phenomena and objects perception and all kinds of attention improvement. A schoolchild or a student with insufficient level of memory development the content of the training lessons is offered, which demands keeping in mind an optimal algorithm of a motional action fulfillment. Physical-sports lessons realization in the form of a game makes the process of memory development and improvement interesting and full of positive emotions and it is more effective, than just memorization of the text in order to master it. In order to check the effectiveness of this way of personality oriented approach realization during the process of physical-sports activity of children, teen-agers and students a pedagogical experiment was held. The students from natural-geographic faculty of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University took part in the experiment (42 people). The following groups were organized: the control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG), each included 21 students.
Before the pedagogical experiment the following parameters were defined: progress and attendance of students in different subjects of the curriculum; their attitude to physical culture lessons and the indices of physical fitness. The initial results handling didn't reveal considerable differences among the students from the CG and the EG (p>0,05). Physical culture lessons in the CG were held according to generally adopted methodology in accordance with Physical culture state program, recommended by the Ministry of Education. In the EG offered by us way of physical-sports activity organization was used. Great attention in the EG was paid to weak sides of intellectual,
spiritual-moral and physical components of personality revelation and development.
During the analysis of the current and the final (according to terms) progress of students in different subjects of theoretical and methodical cycles and during individual conversations it was revealed what kind of disciplines were difficult to study for the future teachers. It helped to define the content of the preparatory, base and final parts of physical culture lesson; create the system of mistakes correction during the definite motional tasks fulfillment. It helped to determine the content of individual orders, notes, refinements during physical exercises fulfillment for each student from the EG. Moreover, the system of personality oriented independent physical culture tasks were created, which were directed at logical and creative thinking, analytical abilities and other intellectual qualities development and improvement, the fulfillment of which was checked during games and competitive activity with the use of individual ways of physical activity control. The expert evaluation of the attendance and progress among students was fulfilled by highly-qualified teachers (5 people) according to 5 point system.
The system of pedagogical stimulation, approval, moral support created a steady positive emotional atmosphere, which provided gradual improvement and development of intellectual abilities and students' skills. Business and outdoor games created the conditions for the students from the EG, which demanded the leading intellectual and spiritual-moral traits of personality demonstration. A systematic directed muscular load, offered at the lessons, taking into consideration independent fulfilment of the individual personality oriented motional tasks, provided a regular increase of motional-coordinating qualities development level [4].
A special methodology use of independent physical load fulfillment provided functional training of an organism to fulfill oncoming muscular activity and a clear algorithm of motional actions fulfillment.
Within a short time period students noticed fundamentally another approach to physical culture lessons organization and it had a positive influence on their attendance. To the end of the first term there was the tendency of the current progress improvement among students according to several disciplines.
To the end of the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to reveal the main indices: of the current and final (according to the results of the session) progress; lessons attendance; attitude to physical culture lessons and the level of physical fitness. Attendance and progress record study showed, that the quality of the lessons improved in both groups - the CG and the EG, however, in the CG with the initial indices 3,61±0,24 points to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results improved till 3,91±0,27 points, (p>0,05), in the EG with the initial indices 3,59±0,28 points to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results increased till 4,34±0,18 points, (p<0,05). In the CG the initial indices of the lessons attendance were 3,75±0,22 points, after the pedagogical experiment the indices increased and were 3,89±0,19 points (p>0,05); In the EG with the initial results 3,71±0,24 points, the results were 11±0,25 points, (p<0,05).
In order to reveal the dynamics of physical fitness indices the following tests were used: 100 meters running (seconds), 2000 meters cross, standing long-jump (centimeters), bending of arms in lying support (quantity), body lifting and lowering without hands support from lying support position (quantity). Physical fitness indices analysis helped to reveal, that their improvement happened in both groups: the CG and the EG, with more considerable improvement in the EG. In 100 meters running in the CG with the initial results 17,36±0,74 seconds to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results were 17,16±0,52 (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 17,30±0,60 seconds to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results improved till 16,52±0,45seconds (p>0,05); during standing long-jump fulfillment in the CG with the initial results 168,3±10,51
centimeters, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results were 171±1,59 centimeters; in the EG with the initial results 169,9±7,84 centimeters the indices improved till 183±1,65 centimeters, (p<0,05). The same tendency of more considerable physical fitness indices improvement in the EG was revealed according to other control exercises.
Conclusion. Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that physical culture and sport means are not used enough for a complex of educational, upbringing and health-improving problems solution. These means realization is restricted by the indices of health and physical fitness improvement with some improvement of moral-volitional and ethic qualities. At the same time, considerable resources of physical-sports activity were not used for intellectual development and conditions creation for more effective spiritual-moral personality development. Offered by us way of personality-oriented approach realization in physical-sports activity has a wider range of physical culture and sport means use for many-sided influence, providing a purposeful development of intellectual, moral-volitional and ethic traits of personality in the atmosphere of physical fitness indices improvement.
An important aspect of a positive influence of individual physical-sports activity organization is realization by students the necessity to fulfill independently directed physical exercises as a structural component of physical upbringing educational process and an important condition of the future teachers involvement into systematic physical exercises. Knowledge, formed motional skills and abilities gaining, a realized attitude to physical exercises as general value, in the future, during the process of education and upbringing, will be conveyed to
Submitted: 23.01.2017 Received: 26.01.2017
schoolchildren. The set aim realization is a powerful stimulus for an independent training. The effectiveness of independent fulfillment of the training load is provided by special methodology creation and use, which is directed at a preliminary functional preparation of the organism for the future muscular activity, by the use of motional actions fulfillment clear algorithm, depending on physical training objectives.
References
1. Valkina, O. N., Kolodova F.M., Funina E.E. Games as the factor of involvement children and teen-agers into systematic physical exercises, Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoi kul'tury i sporta, 2016, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 129-136. Available at: http ://j ournal-science.org/ru/article/328. html. DOI: 10.14526/01_1111_88.
2. Kuznetsova, Z. M. The program realization of personal qualities formation among students in educational activity as one of the real preconditions for the content renewal of specialists training in the system of higher education (by the example of the students from Povolzhskaya State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism according to the specialty "Service and tourism"), Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoi kul'tury i sporta, 2011, Vol 6, No. 1, pp. 1-8. Available at: http ://j ournal-science.org/ru/article/378. html.
3. Manzheley I. V. Pedagogical potential of physical-health-improving environment, Fizicheskaya kul'tura , 2010, No. 4, pp. 2-4. (in Russian).
4. Nazarenko L. D. Ozdorovitel'nye osnovy fizicheskikh uprazhnenii [Health-improving basis of physical exercises]. Moscow, VLADOS-PRESS publishing house, 2003. 240 p.
5. Nazarenko L. D., Kolodova F.M. The system of physical upbringing development among students of not physical culture higher educational establishments, Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoi kul'tury, 2014, No. 3, pp. 52-55. (in Russian).
6. Shinkarenko O. V., Loginov B.I., Nazarenko L.D. Fizicheskaya kul'tura v obrazovatel'nom prostranstve studentov vuza [Physical culture in educational environment of students at a higher educational establishment]. Ulyanovsk, 2009. 158 p.
Olga N. Valkina - candidate of biological sciences, associate professor Department of Human Biology and the foundations of medical knowledge Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia Elena E. Funina - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Department of Human Biology and the foundations of medical knowledge Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, Email: elena_funina@mail.ru
Evgeniya O. Panova - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Education and Life Safety, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, 4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenin's birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia.
For citations: Valkina O.N., Funina E.E., Panova E.O. Physical-sports activity organization among children, teen-agers and students on the basis of personality-based approach, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 28-32. DOI 10.14526/01_2017_180
