CC BY
21
DOI 10.14526/01_2017_194
STUDENTS' PSYCHIC STATES NORMALIZATION AT PHYSICAL CULTURE LESSONS WHILE FORMING PHYSICAL-SPORTS COMPETENCY OF SELF-
DEVELOPMENT
Anatoly A. Opletin - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. An intensive physical activity is very important for a person's psychic processes. Thus, physical culture lessons, in a way, solve psychological problems. It is necessary to characterize and specify the degree of anxiety, depression among students and for this purpose the methodology of psychic states study was used. The research is about such kind of psychic state as anxiety and depression. Higher educational establishment students have a high level of anxiety and depression. It is obvious, that in order to solve the problems of self-development it is necessary to reveal the character of these states demonstration, in order to get the opportunity to normalize psyche during the process of education, forming favorable conditions for a personality's self-development. Considering psychic states is not accidental in the research work. Motivation of competency self-development formation is directly connected with a person's psychic stability. The problem of University psychohygiene has its peculiarities. It is necessary not only to take into consideration the age of students, the specificity of educational process, but also to take care of students' psychic health, discomfort, excessive anxiety elimination, which cause uncertainty and, in some cases, fear concerning a healthy, optimistic psychic orientation of students. Material. The article presents the results of the research, directed at the level of anxiety, depression, asthenia revelation, which should be taken into consideration while forming physical-sports competency of self-development during physical culture lessons. It is directly connected with the problem of University psychohygiene, which has its peculiarities. Research methods: method of personality traits determination according to Raymond Bernard Cattell (F-16, form "C"), state of anxiety and depression revelation according to the method by L.M. Fridman, T.A. Pushkina, I.Y. Kaplunovich (1988). Results. The held research, the aim of which was to reveal the state of anxiety and depression, determined general anxiety demonstration among considerably big part of students, among some students anxiety was revealed as a borderline state. On the basis of the received results we made a suggestion that emotional ill-being of students from higher educational establishments can be conditioned by a quick change of educational activity character, when leaving school and entering a higher educational establishment. In this connection a research was held among the students of three courses in order to reveal the level of anxiety. A complex of methods was determined, which helped to measure the sides of personality, which are underlined by us as important and necessary for involving students into self-development by means of physical culture. The analysis showed insignificant positive dynamics of anxiety and depression indices. The results of emotional ill-being, revealed among the students of a higher educational establishment, are verified by the results of WAM (well-being, activity, mood) method. The results analysis helped to understand, that emotional ill-being can't be explained only by the change of educational activity character. Positive dynamics of its demonstration was not revealed during all three courses of study. In modern conditions of educational process it is necessary to search for new systems, technologies, approaches to the problems of physical culture (PC), physical upbringing (PU), self-development (S) solution and it is possible only in case of educational process modernization in the sphere of PC. For this purpose we created the program of self-development according to students'
physical-sports competencies formation. Conclusion. In modern terms of educational process it is necessary to search for new systems, technologies, approaches to the problems of physical culture (PC), physical upbringing (PU), self-development (S) solution and it is possible only in case of educational process modernization in the sphere of PC. Self-development and physical-sports competency of self-development formation are possible only when students' activity has personal sense, when it has psychological-pedagogical content and is mastered in practice, when psychological aspect at the lessons is normalized.
Keywords: anxiety, depression, stress, personality, competency, self-development, physical culture.
Introduction. Modern system of competence based approach in the sphere of physical upbringing at a higher educational establishment is oriented at optimal conditions of a person's essential powers revelation and a yearning for personal development, self-development and self-realization in a chosen kind of activity [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10].
The problem of the research is in the sense and content determination of students' motional activity self-organization process during physical-sports competency of self-development formation by means of PC and the factors, which prevent this process. One of the urgent problems of modern higher education is nervous-psychic overloads and periodically appearing stresses, which are ruinous for students' health. According to some scientists (A.S. Romen, A.A. Opletin, V.S. Makeeva, V.V. Markelov, V.D. Panachev and others), constant tension quickly causes tiredness. A long-term tension causes apathy or stress. Both of them have negative influence on students' health, can transform into a psychic state of anxiety, depression, aggressiveness [4,7,8]. There is information in a scientific literature that a pedagogical aspect of education upbringing depends on the fact, how a student's psyche is normalized in the sphere of psychic states demonstration (K. Gekht, N.D. Levitov, V.V. Manzheley, V.S. Makeeva, A.S. Novoselova, A.A. Opletin, V.D. Panachev, I.E. Shvarts and others). In a scientific literature this aspect of upbringing, education is defined as psychohygienic. For a long time this part of scientific knowledge was considered only by medicine. At the end of the 20th century this sphere of science started to develop as a part of psychological-pedagogical direction. Many
scientists defined the aims and objectives in this aspect of scientific knowledge (V.M. Banshchikov, G.S. Belyaev, L.V. Bogdanovich, V.N. Myasishchev and others). V.N. Myasishchev mentioned the following: "For the nearest future psychohygiene sets several important objectives. The most important among them is psychic and physical health of young generation protection and preservation". K. Gekht in his research works presented the program of school psychohygiene. Pedagogical aspect of this problem is thoroughly studied by the scientist of Perm school I.E. Shvarts ("Psychohygiene at school", 1988) and his followers. I.P. Pavlov explains psychic states by "supreme reality". E.D. Konovalov considers, that such kind of psychic states, as psychic tension, are able to disorganize a person's activity. B.D. Parygin mentions, that the presence of psychogenic psychic states determines a low level of activity in all kinds of activity. N.I. Naenko writes, that negative psychic states create the base for stereotype actions and inadequate reactions predominance and at the same time the level of perception and thinking decreases. N.D. Levitov gives the following definition of this phenomenon: "Psychic state is an integral psychic reality within a definite time period, which is characterized by the originality of psychic processes and behavior depending on reflected objects, phenomena of reality, preceding psychic states and psychic traits of personality".
As the theory and practice show, most often among students we can see such kinds of psychic uneasiness, as anxiety and depression in not clinical forms, which reflect psychic state of a personality during activity. Scientists determine anxiety as the state and
as the trait of personality (R. Cattell, I. Scheier). Y.E. Sosnovnikova considers, that anxiety as a personal trait presents emotional state. According to the author, the range of reactions, which appear in an individual, who perceives the situation as personally dangerous, irrelative of the fact whether danger exists or not objectively. K. Izard (1980) considers anxiety as a syndrome. He thinks, that during the state of anxiety a person experiences uncertainty, feels supposedly real danger. The state of anxiety, according to the author, in interconnection with other emotions can influence the ways of behavior and in general can slow down a person's development. As the psychologists mention anxiety is expressed not only by the state of uneasiness, but also depression. According to K.Izard, depression is a more serious syndrome, than anxiety. It shows lack of confidence, loss of self-respect, type of behavior becomes escape and avoidance, loss of control over situation. It is so called "reactive depression", connected with the situations of overfatigue, misfortune, interest decrease and it is expressed in lack of faith in oneself and other people.
An active physical activity is very important for psychic processes of a person, as there is a close connection between a student's nervous system activity and the work of musculoskeletal system.
In our work the program is realized, which is to solve a part of psychohygienic aspect: psychological and psychogenic states of anxiety overcoming (anxiety, depression) and it forms self-confidence [8,9,10].
Methodology and research organization. The solution of the set objectives demanded, first of all, thorough study of students' personalities, who took part in the experiment. For the experiment two groups were formed: the experimental group (85 second-year-students) and the control group (87 people).
The first problem, which was solved, was the problem of students' personality traits revelation. One of the leading methods in the research was the method of personality traits revelation according to R. Cattell (F-16, form
"C"). Most students had a high level of tension (68%-67%) and anxiety (74%-71%) and also situational dependence was revealed (70%-71%).
In order to create a program of self-development on physical-sports competencies formation we hold a research, the aim of which was to reveal the states of anxiety and depression according to the method of L.M. Fridman, T.A. Pushkina, I.Y. Kaplunovich (1988). The same students took part in the research - the experimental group (85 people) and the control group (87 people). The received results analysis showed anxiety in a norm among 35%-36% of students in each group. Considerably great part of students (65%-64%) had general anxiety. The sphere of pedagogical correction was revealed in general only among 39%-40% of the respondents. 26% of students from the experimental group and 24% of students from the control group had anxiety as a borderline state, which means deep emotional experience, uncertainty and fear to be incompetent in this kind of activity, which influences stability of their mood and somatic well-being. The received results analysis showed that the norm was among 37% students from the experimental group and among 39% of students from the control group. The sphere of pedagogical correction was revealed among 32% students in both groups, the sphere of a borderline state was almost among the third of students in both groups (31%-29%). N.D. Levitov thinks that the reason for depression is failure in a significant kind of activity, its social importance decrease. On the basis of the received results we made a suggestion that emotional ill-being of students from higher educational establishments can be conditioned by a quick change of educational activity character, when leaving school and entering a higher educational establishment. In this connection a research was held among the students of three courses in order to reveal the level of anxiety. 1240 students from three higher educational establishments took part in the research. It demanded the revelation of such kind of characteristics, as the
opportunity and ability to take part in self-developing activity concerning own personality formation. A complex of methods was determined, which helped to measure the sides of personality, which are underlined by us as important and necessary for involving students into self-development by means of physical culture.
The analysis showed the following: from the course to course there was insignificant positive dynamics of anxiety and depression indices among students. The index of anxiety in a norm by the 2nd course increased to 2% in all groups and by the 3rd course, in comparison to the 1st course, to 6%. Insignificantly decreased the index of a borderline state - from 29% at the 1st course to 20% at the 3rd course. Insignificantly increased (to 3%) the sphere of pedagogical correction. Almost the same situation was among all respondents of the research in depression indices.
The results of emotional ill-being, among the students, are verified by the results of WAM (well-being, activity, mood) method. The third part of the group of each course of study had unsatisfactory well-being (32%), bad mood (30%). Activity is low among 38% of students of the group.
The results analysis helped to understand, that emotional ill-being can't be explained only by the change of educational activity character. Positive dynamics of its demonstration was not revealed during all three courses of study.
Conclusion. In modern terms of educational process it is necessary to search for new systems, technologies, approaches to the problems of physical culture (PC), physical upbringing (PU), self-development (S) solution and it is possible only in case of educational process modernization in the sphere of PC. Difficulty, appearing during the competency of self-development formation in the sphere of PC is lack of knowledge, skills, abilities of students' practical experience in the sphere of self-actualization, self-regulation of psychic states (anxiety, depression, aggressiveness), self- projection and self-realization in motional activity.
Self-development and physical-sports competency of self-development formation are possible only when students' activity has personal sense, when it has psychological-pedagogical content and is mastered in practice.
References
1. Balsevich, V. K. Fizicheskaja kul'tura cheloveka: sostojanie problemy i strategija razvitija na perspektivu (aktovaja rech') [A person's physical culture: the state of the problem and development strategy for the future (commencement address)]. Moscow, Russian State University of Physical culture, 2012. 46 p.
2. Vilenskiy M. Y., Makeeva V.S. Physical culture as a core component of a teacher's professionalpersonal development, Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie i nauka, 2003, No.3, 10 p. (in Russian).
3. Lubysheva L. I., Zagrevskaya A.I. Structure and content of personality's sports culture, Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoi kul'tury, 2013, No. 3, pp. 7-16. (in Russian).
4. Makeeva V. S., Shavurina S.V. Students' psychophysical condition control during physical upbringing, Obrazovanie i samorazvitie, 2010, Vol. 1, No. 17, pp. 225-230. (in Russian).
5. Manzheley I. V. Pedagogicheskie modeli fizicheskogo vospitaniya [Pedagogical models of physical upbringing]. Chelyabinsk, 2007. 152 p.
6. Kuznetsova Z.M., Aypova V.K. Educational services branding in physical culture and sport institute: modern approaches, Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie i mediko - biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoi kul'tury i sporta, 2014, Vol.9, No. 1, pp. 2024. Available at: http://journal-science.org/ru/article/4.html. DOI: 10.14526/13_2014_13.
7. Opletin, A. A. Self-regulation in the system of physical culture means as the leading regulatory mechanism and an important component of personality self-development structure, Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie i mediko - biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoi kul'tury i sporta, 2013, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 165-174. Available at: http://journal-science.org/ru/magazine/20.html.
8. Aftimichuk O.E., Kuznetsova Z.M. The importance of rhythm in the system of professional pedagogical and sport training, Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie i mediko - biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoi kul'tury i sporta, 2015, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 28-38. Available at: http://journal-science.org/ru/article/157. html. DOI: 10.14526/01_1111_04.
9. Opletin A. A. A personality's readiness for self-development at physical culture lessons, Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoi kul'tury, 2014, No. 10, pp. 30-33. (in Russian).
10. Opletin A. A. Physical culture in the process of personality self-development competency
formation, Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni Russian).
P.F.Lesgafta, 2014, No. 9 (115), pp. 101-105. (in
Submitted: 23.01.2017 Received: 26.01.2017
Anatoly A. Opletin - candidate of pedagogics, associate professor Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky prospect, Perm, 614990, Russia, E-mail: [email protected]
For citations: Opletin A.A. Students' psychic states normalization at physical culture lessons while forming physical-sports competency of self-development, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogical-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 107-111. DOI 10.14526/01_2017_194
