CC BY
0УДК 33 Allayarov W., Yarmammedov A., Berdiyev A.
Allayarov W.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Yarmammedov A.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Berdiyev A.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS AND THEIR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INFLUENCING FACTORS IN BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Аннотация: this article provides a brief overview of the business environment and their positive and negative influencing factors in business economics. It also discusses the importance of the environment, the increasingly complex tasks facing the organization's environmental management, and defining the organization's environment.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, marketing, productive investments, competitiveness.
Proponents of early schools practically ignored factors outside the organization. Today, this is considered a serious flaw in any approach to management, but the situation was different in the past. It should be noted that each school has contributed greatly to the organization's ability to achieve its stated goals. In a sense, the early schools did the right thing by dealing with internal issues that are somehow more important to the effective functioning and survival of organizations.
But modern companies are forced to adapt to the changes in the environment and to constantly implement the corresponding internal reforms.
The importance of the environment. The idea of the importance of the environment and the need to take into account the factors that affect all organizations appeared in management theory in the late 1950s. This was one of the important contributions of the systems approach to the development of management, because this idea emphasizes the need for managers to consider their organization as a whole of interrelated parts that are closely related to the environment. The situational approach extended systems theory by developing the new concept that the most appropriate management method for a given situation is conditioned by specific internal and external factors that characterize and influence the organization.
The emergence of systemic and situational approaches was a response to the changes that were increasingly affecting the success of organizations. In today's world, the constant and sudden changes in the environment have made the need for a high level of attention to the environment a very urgent matter indeed. E. Elbing: "The organization's environment puts more and more complex tasks before the management. In practice, managers of any kind of organizations, such as commercial, educational, government organizations, should pay closer attention to the rapidly changing environment and its impact on the organization, depending on recent events.
Even if the importance of these changes is low, managers should take into account the impact of the environment, because any organization, being an open system, depends on the environment, since raw materials, energy, people and consumers are outside the organization, without which the organization cannot function. That is, the manager must be able to identify the external factors that have the greatest influence on his organization. In addition, it is responsible for developing more efficient ways of responding to various external influences. Modern managers use them to plan, organize, motivate and control the internal environment of the organization, taking into account the changes in the environment.
According to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, some biological species survive by evolving and adapting to changes in the environment. Organizations are also forced to adapt to the environment in order to remain active and efficient.
Identify the environment. The first task of a manager following the principle that an organization is an open system is to define its environment. The world we live in is so big that there is no need to try to account for all the factors in it. That is, managers should limit themselves to the areas on which the success of their organization is most relevant. J. Bell says the following about this issue: - The organization's environment consists of external elements related to its day-to-day operations, such as consumers, competitors, government agencies, suppliers, financial institutions and labor resources.
Direct and indirect environmental factors. One way to define the environment and facilitate understanding of its impact on an organization is to divide external factors into two main categories, namely direct and indirect factors.
Direct environmental factors include factors that directly affect and influence the day-to-day operations of the organization. They are suppliers, labor, legislatures, government regulators, consumers, and competitors.
Indirect environmental factors are those factors that do not always directly and immediately affect the day-to-day operations of the organization, but still have an impact on them. These include economic conditions, scientific and technological progress, socio-cultural and political changes, interest groups and events abroad.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs". - Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
