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DIRECTIONS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
IN UZBEKISTAN
Rejapov Kh.
Phd,
National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Lecturer at the Department of Macroeconomics at the Faculty of Economics.
Uzbekistan
Abstract
The article analyzes the main indicators of the higher education system, the state of higher education. Also, scientific and practical proposals for the development of higher education and educational services through the development of public-private partnerships have been developed.
Keywords: higher education, higher education services market, specialist.
Formation and sustainable development of the market of higher education services in the world, commercialization of higher education system, interrelation of higher education services with the labor market and improvement of quality and mechanisms of development of education, provision of youth with higher education, on the basis of public-private partnerships on methodological and methodological aspects of market development a number of research works are underway.
According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, "the proportion of people aged 25-34 with higher education is 69.6% in the Republic of Korea, 61.8% in Canada, 60.7% in Japan, 56.2% in Ireland, 55.6% in Lithuania and Switzerland. 51.2 percent, 50.8 percent in the United Kingdom, 49.4 percent in the United States and 46.9 percent in France. The market of educational services, which is an important factor in increasing the intellectual level of workers and labor productivity, allows to involve the population in the educational process and strengthen the human position in the relevant segment of the labor market in the future. The labor market, in turn, affects the education market, forming a social order in relation to the quality and quantity of educational services.1
On the directions of the development of public-private partnerships in the system of higher education, the directions of development, the legal and institutional basis M. V. Lybaneva (Lybaneva, 2017), E. A.
1 https://data.oecd.org/chart/5Hc6
Fedosenko (Fedosenko, 2012), E.A Dmitrieva(Dmitrieva, 2012, 2), E. A. Gari-bova(Garibova, 2014), Kh. Kh. Rejapov(Rejapov, 2015, 11) conducted research works.
The main task of higher education institutions providing educational services in the market of educational services is to ensure their socio-economic interests through the provision of educational services to the population, along with the training of highly qualified personnel that will ensure the effective development of sectors of the national economy.
Legal framework of public-private partnership mechanism in higher education are regulated by Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 15, 2017 No PP-3276 «On measures for further development of non-governmental educational services», the decision of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On improvement of licensing procedures in the field of non-governmental educational services» of March 27, 2018, and the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from May 10, 2019»About public-private partnership" № LRU-537.
According to the decision of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 27, 2018 No 241 «On improvement of licensing procedures in the field of non-governmental educational services» establishment of favorable conditions for legal entities operating in the field of non-governmental educational services, expansion of the network of educational institutions on the basis of public-private partnership, as well as licensing of activities in the field of non-state educational services were established.
The first non-governmental educational institution on the basis of public-private partnership in Uzbekistan started its career in the 2018-2019 school year according to the decision of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 27, 2018 No 241 «On improvement of licensing procedures in the field of non-governmental educational services», and based on a license issued by the State Inspectorate for Educational Quality Control under the Cabinet of Ministers. This higher educational institution was established in partnership with Global Education School (Uzbekistan) and YUKET LLC (South Korea) as a joint venture of Yodzhu Technical Institute in Tashkent.
According to the decision of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated on December 17, 2019 «About additional measures for organizing activity of the Technical University of UWED in Tashkent», this institution was established as a non-state higher education institution in the form of a limited liability company, and the rector of the institute is appointed by the founders in coordination with the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Structure of the Institute is carried out in Uzbek, Russian and English according to the curriculum and programs of the Yodzhu Institute of Technology (Republic of Korea), approved by the founders and taking into account the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in consultation with the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education. Graduates will be issued a diploma of the standard form recognized as a certificate of higher education in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition, the Institute has the right to open new undergraduate and graduate specialties in the future, based on the needs of the labor market and the prospects for socio-economic development.
The number of students studying in higher educational institutions of the Republic has increased by 1.7 times over the last three years, with 410,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students. 54.8% of the students are humanitarian and pedagogical, 25.2% -technical and engineering, 5.2% - social sphere, economics and law, 5.9% - agriculture and water management, 4.4% - health and social welfare, 4 5% are educated in the areas and specialties in the field of service knowledge. 40.8% of the masters students are humanitarian and pedagogical, 23.3% - industrial and technical, 13.3% - social sphere, economics and law, 5.9% - agriculture and water management, 13.5% -health and social care, 3 , 2% are enrolled in the field of education in the field of service.2019 / 2020 Admission parameters were 121,000 and increased by 18% compared to the previous year and 92% compared to 2016.(2019, 8)2
The coverage of high school, academic lyceum and college graduates in the country with higher education remained unchanged at around 9 per cent until
2 Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 8, 2019 № P-5847 "On approval of the Concept of development of higher education of the Republic of Uzbekistan till 2030". https://lex.uz/docs/4545884
2017. This figure was 13 percent in 2018, 20 percent in 2019, and increased by 11 points. In 2020, 641,000 students will graduate from secondary schools across the country. In order to increase the level of higher education coverage of graduates in 2020-2021, it is necessary to enroll more than 160,000 young people in higher education. For this purpose, it is planned to open 10 higher education institutions in 2020 on the basis of 10 local, 3 foreign and 5 public-private part-nerships.3
In 2017-2019, significant qualitative changes took place in the higher education system of the country. In 2019, 19 new universities were opened, including 9 branches of prestigious foreign universities.4
According to our research, for three years in some regions, targeted admissions to higher education institutions in the field of health, pedagogy. The level of higher education coverage of youth in the regions. The leaders in this indicator are the city of Tashkent -31.5%, Navoi region - 31%, Bukhara region - 28.6%, the Republic of Karakalpakstan - 24.4%.
It is planned the development of public-private partnerships in higher education, organization of activities of state and non-state higher educational institutions in the regions, increasing the coverage by higher than 50%, creation of healthy competitive environment in the field according to Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 8, 2019 N UP-5847 «On approval of the Concept of development of higher education of the Republic of Uzbekistan till 2030».
The Concept of development of higher education of the Republic of Uzbekistan till 2030 has been adopted and it is planned to increase the coverage of higher education by more than 50% on the basis of development of public-private partnerships in higher education. It is planned the coverage of 20% of school and lyceum graduates through the establishment of 5 non-state higher education institutions in 2019, and the creation of 35 higher education institutions by 2035 will be provided to cover 50 % of the graduates of schools and lyceum.
In conclusion, it is necessary to strengthen the quality control of education in the further development of public-private partnerships in higher education. In addition, it is necessary to increase the incentives for foreign direct investment in the development of public-private partnerships in higher education, to gradually expand the academic autonomy of higher education institutions to establish new curricula in accordance with the needs of the personnel.
References
1. Lybaneva M. V. State partnership in the field of educational services in the context of the modernization of higher education in Russia: author. dis. Cand ... Econ. Science: 08.00.05. SPb: Balt. Acad. tourism and entrepreneurship 2017. - 21 p.
3 https://kun.uz/news/2020/01/04/2020-yil-ozbekistonda-18ta-yangi-otm-faoliyati-yolga-qoyilishi-rejalashtiril-gan
4 http://uza.uz/oz/politics/zbekiston-respublikasi-prezidenti-shavkat-mirziyeevning-oliy-25-01-2020
2. Fedosenko E. A. Development of public-private partnership in the system of higher professional education: author. dis. Candidate of Economic Sciences: 08.00.05. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University of Service and Economics, 2012. - 19 p.
3. Dmitrieva E.A. The development of public-private partnerships in the field of higher professional education: author. ... cand. econ. sciences. M., 2012
4. Garibova E. A. The mechanisms of public-private partnership in the system of higher professional education: problems and solutions // Space of Economics. 2014. No. 2-3. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mehanizmy-gosudarstvenno-chastnogo-partnerstva-v-sisteme-vysshego-professionalnogo-obrazovaniya-problemy-i-puti-ih-resheniya (accessed: 01/15/2020).
5. Rezhapov Kh.Kh. Public-private partnership in the system of higher education in Uzbekistan //
IVF. 2015. No. 11 (497). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gosudarstvenno-chastnoe-partnerstvo-v-sisteme-vysshego-obrazovaniya-v-uzbekistane (accessed: 01/15/2020).
6. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 8, 2019 № P-5847 "On approval of the Concept of development of higher education of the Republic of Uzbekistan till 2030". https://lex.uz/docs/4545884
7. https://data.oecd.org/chart/5Hc6
8. https://kun.uz/news/2020/01/04/2020-yil-ozbekistonda- 18ta-yangi-otm-faoliyati-yolga-qoyilishi-rej alashtiril-gan
9. http://uza.uz/oz/politics/zbekiston-respublikasi-prezidenti-shavkat-mirziyeevning-oliy-25-01-2020
ИНВЕСТИЦИИ В ОСНОВНОЙ КАПИТАЛ В РОССИЙКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Старкова О.
Пермский государственный аграрно-технологический университет им. Д.Н. Прянишникова, доцент INVESTMENTS IN FIXED ASSETS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Starkova O.
Perm state agrarian and technological University. D.N. Pryanishnikova, associate Professor
Аннотация
Инвестиции являются обязательным условие развития экономики и социальной сферы. Целью данного исследования является определение современных тенденций в инвестициях в основной капитал в Российской Федерации. В работе нашли применение экономико-статистические методы. Общий объем инвестиций в основной капитал в РФ имеет тенденцию к росту. В инвестициях преобладает российская форма собственности, доля которой увеличивается. Инвестиции в основном, осуществляются за счет собственных средств инвесторов. В привлеченных источниках наиболее значительными являются средства бюджетов разных уровней и банковские кредиты.
Abstract
Investment is a prerequisite for economic and social development. The purpose of this study is to determine current trends in investment in fixed assets in the Russian Federation. The paper uses economic and statistical methods. The total volume of investment in fixed assets in the Russian Federation tends to grow. The Russian form of ownership prevails in investments, the share of which is increasing. Investments are mainly made at the expense of investors ' own funds. In the attracted sources, the most significant are funds from budgets of different levels and Bank loans.
Ключевые слова: Собственные источники, привлеченные источники, бюджетные источники, банковские кредиты, заемные средства.
Keywords: Own sources, attracted sources, budget sources, Bank loans, borrowed funds.
Развитие экономики обеспечивается инвестициями в основной капитал. Балахонова В.А. и Домнина С.В. определяют инвестиции как долгосрочные вложения с целью получения прибыли в течение длительного времени. Для улучшения инвестиционной деятельности государству необходимо стимулировать инвестиционную активность: 1) предоставлять налоговые льготы предприятиям, осуществляющим развитие производства путем реконструкции и перевооружения; 2)привлекать инвестиции из-за рубежа; 3)повышать эффективность государственного регулирования инвестиционной деятельности; 4)пересматривать направления бюджетного финансирования; 5)совершенствовать кредитно-финансовую и нало-
говую политику[2,с.102-104]. Данные направления государственной политики по улучшению инвестиционного климата в стране требую уточнения относительно конкретных условий. Например, стимулировать иностранные инвестиции в российскую экономику в настоящее время затруднительно, т.к. экономические санкции США и стран ЕС, касающиеся инвестиций, могут свести к нулю все попытки государства привлечь инвесторов какими-либо привлекательными условиями.
Абдульманова Е.С. уточняет понятие инвестиций в основной капитал. По ее мнению - это совокупность затрат, направленных на создание и воспроизводство основных средств. При этом основные средства - средства труда, воздействую-
