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32JURISPRUDENCE
COURT ORDERS AND CONTENT REQUIREMENTS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Ibratova F.,
Associate Professor of the Tashkent State University of Law, Doctor of Law Khabibullaev D., Professor of the Tashkent State University of Law, PhD in Law Subkhonov Sh.
Teacher of the Tashkent State law university
Abstract
The article discusses the issues of a simplified form to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and legal entities. It is concluded that the court order is an act of the court having the force of an executive document, issued by the court on an individual basis on the basis of the stated claims on indisputable claims without trial.
Keywords: court order, simplified form of protection of rights, proceedings in absentia, civil procedure, court order.
Today, civil procedural legislation is being improved in search of a simplified form to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and legal entities. Such institutions used in this regard should be enumerated such as ordered and absentee proceedings, which are certainly known to many1. With the increase in civil cases in the courts, it becomes necessary to find new simplified procedures in order to speed up the process of resolving these cases.
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, such simplified forms of proceedings have been successfully applied even in the presence of relatively undeniable written evidence, such as absentee and order proceedings, simplified economic proceedings since 2019, simplified proceedings in the bankruptcy case of a liquidated and absent debtor2.
Subsequent modernized procedures in a simplified manner should include such institutions as the improvement of conciliation procedures (mediation, amicable agreement)3, as well as alternative forms of settlement of civil disputes.
The simplified civil processes take place, for example, in the initiation and preparation of a case for court proceedings, in the consideration of court cases, as well as in the establishment of a property limit for the review of judicial acts in other instances, and others.
It is not easy to reassess the function and importance of summary judgment 4. Such judicial procedures ensure fast and efficient administration of justice,
1 Барышова, М. В., Белый, В. С., Глущенко, В. М., Ибра-това, Ф. Б., Новиков, А. Н., & Пронькин, Н. Н. (2019). Социальное предпринимательство : научные исследования и практика.
2 Ibratova F. Legal Problems of the Concepts Legality, Justification and Justice by Judicial Acts //Middle European Scientific Bulletin. - 2021. - Т. 16.
3 Sh R., Ibratova F., Zh K. THE NATURE OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL
TRANSFORMATION OF THE JUDICIAL POWER OF
protection of citizens' rights in courts without unnecessary bureaucracy, in particular, by reducing the size of state fees, and this process is cheaper than litigation, which requires a more detailed judicial procedure.
In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 12, 2003 No. 568-II "On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan", it was introduced into the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 30, 1997. Chapter 20-I. Order production. And in the current Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2018 this institution has been preserved, the provisions on the court order have been consolidated in subsection 1 "Order proceedings" of section II of the Civil Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and, in fact, are put on a par with the claim and other independent types of legal proceedings.
A court order is an act of a court having the force of an executive document, issued by the court on an individual basis on the basis of the stated claims on indisputable claims without a trial.
Peculiarities of issuing a court order: firstly, a court order is issued in writing in a documentary form; secondly, it is made according to the requirements specified in the law; thirdly, the clerk proceeding, proceeds from the wishes of the creditor, in particular, the applicant has a choice of going to court: with a statement of claim or with an application for the issuance of a court
UZBEKISTAN //Sciences of Europe. - 2021. - №2. 79-3. - С. 10-12.
4 Есенбекова, Ф. Т., Эсанова, З. Н., & Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2021). ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ УТВЕРЖДЕНИЯ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ СУДОМ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ. In НАУКА И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ИННОВАЦИИ (pp. 156158).
order and from the debtor, in the case of an objection by a court order, at the request of the debtor, the court is canceled order.
The applicant applies to the court with an application for the issuance of a court order in accordance with the general rules of jurisdiction established in Chapter 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The application is drawn up according to the requirements specified in Article 172 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and is submitted in writing or in the form of an electronic document, and is also paid by the state duty in the amount established by law for legal proceedings.
In the event that an application for the issuance of a court order is filed without observing the requirements specified in Article 172 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the judge returns the application for the issuance of a court order. In addition, if there is a dispute about the right, the court refuses to accept for its proceedings an application for the issuance of a court order5.
As you can see, the legislation determines that if there is no dispute about the right, only in this case you should apply for a court order. In most cases, they apply for a court order for the recovery of alimony. Since the amount and grounds for collecting alimony is regulated in detail in the Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Indeed, this requirement is not controversial or logical, as the parent must support the child. When applying, the applicant, if he asks to determine the specific amount of alimony or additional alimony for food, etc., and the debtor is already paid. Then, in this case, the rights of other persons are infringed, this fact is considered controversial, which should be resolved only in a trial with an investigation of the circumstances of this case6.
When the applicant applies to the judicial authority with an application for the issuance of a court order, there are three options: first, refusal to accept the application for the issuance of a court order (Article 175 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan); secondly, the return of an application for the issuance of a court order (Article 176 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan); thirdly, the issuance of a court order (Article 1277 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan).
A court order is an act of a court, which is issued by a judge within three days upon receipt of an application to the court. The issuance of a court order is an action of the court, which is carried out alone within three days with the receipt of an application to the court (part 1 of article 177 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan). The parties are not summoned, therefore their explanations are not heard, while, unlike the EPK RUz, a copy of the application
5 Okyulov O. et al. GENERAL PROVISIONS ON INVALIDITY OF TRANSACTIONS IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEDUR //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 68. - C. 18-21.
6 Ibratova, F. B., Kirillova, E. A., Smolen, R., Bondarenko,
N. G., Shebzuhova, T. A., & Vartumyan, A. A. (2017). Spe-
cial features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions.
for the issuance of a court order is not sent to the debtor, and accordingly, the debtor does not send objections to the court, in case of disagreement with the application.
A copy of the court order is immediately sent to the debtor, for preparation, for the preparation of an objection, in case of disagreement with the court order. From the side of the court, the court order can also be sent in the form of an electronic document, confirmed by the electronic digital signature of the judge.
If the debtor does not apply to the court with an objection within the prescribed time limit, the judge issues a copy of the court order to the recoverer, which is certified with a seal to be sent to the executor. The court order can be sent directly and by the court itself for execution when there is a request from the claimant (Article 177 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan). However, by the court a separate copy of the court order, which is certified by the seal of the court, is sent directly by the court itself for execution in order to collect the state duty from the debtor.
If the debtor objects to the execution of the judicial act, the court cancels the judicial order. Studying this norm, it is concluded that this norm should be considered peremptory, because regardless of the objection raised, if the debtor disagrees with the execution of this order, the court cancels the court order. Thus, any objection can be considered a ground for setting aside a court order. Most importantly, objections are filed in a timely manner7.
The judge considers the issue of cancellation of the court order at the request of the debtor alone and a ruling is made, which cannot be appealed on appeal. However, the ruling clarifies the applicant's right to go to court in a general manner. The Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 3, 2006 No. 4 "On some issues related to the application of legislation governing order production" states that upon receipt within ten days from the date the debtor receives a copy of the order of objections to the stated demand, the judge must cancel the judicial ruling order8.
In the ruling on the cancellation of the court order, the judge explains to the recoverer the right to file a claim in the course of action proceedings. Copies of the ruling on cancellation of the court order shall be sent to the parties no later than three days after its issuance. Persons who have missed the established ten-day period for reasons recognized by the court as valid, the missed period may be restored at their request. A complaint filed after the expiration of the specified period in the absence of a petition for the restoration of the missed period is not considered by the court and must be returned9.
According to article 180 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the court order
7 Ibratova F. TERMS IN CIVIL LAw AND ThEIR APPLICATION IN LEGAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS IN ThE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN.
8 https://lex.uz/docs/1455988# 1458000
9 Esenbekova, F. T. (2019). Esenbekova FT, Okyulov O., Ruzinazarov Sh., Ibratova FB Features of the approval of the world agreement by the economic court: practice and theory. Editorial team, 10(39), 90.
comes into legal force upon the expiration of ten days after its issuance. Some authors, in particular V.O. Ab-olonin 10, A.V. Chaplinsky11, A.M. Bezrukov 12 believe that the court order should come into legal force with the issuance of the court order, since this judicial act is not contested on appeal. According to N.A. Garmosh-ina, one should not attach the same importance to a court order and a court decision, since the court order does not contain motivation (apart from the reference to the norms of substantive law), the facts and legal relations established by the court are not indicated, there is no right of revision in higher courts, the cancellation of the court order and the issuance of the order is based on proposals13.
Some authors believe that the court order should enter into legal force after ten days from the receipt of the court order by the debtor, due to the fact that he has the right to send objections to the court within ten days from the date of receipt of a copy of the court order14. As G.V. Sintsova points out, the court order must enter into legal force from the moment of issuance, as it is both a judicial act and an executive document 15.
If the debtor misses the deadline for filing objections to the execution of the court order for valid reasons, it is recommended to restore this deadline at the request of the interested person, on the basis of Article 153 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The abolition of the court order in a simplified manner is explained by the fact that the principle of equality of arms in the order proceeding is taken into account, since the court order itself is issued in a simplified manner.
There is no clear consensus among experts as to whether there should be a motivating part of a court order and what should be specified in it16. According to G.A. Zhilin, in fact, the motivating part of the court order is reduced by indicating the law on the basis of which the requirements were satisfied. In the court order, only the introductory part and the operative part are indicated, and this differs from the court decision, which also indicates the descriptive part17. A.N. Guyev believes that any other data should be indicated in the court order, which the court considers as confirmation of the issuance of the court order18. According to A.A.
Mokhov, in the court order, the motivation part should be considered an indication of the law, which the court referred to, and other documents that are indicated in the judicial act 19.
In our opinion, one should not indicate the documents studied by the judge, on the basis of which the conclusion was drawn for the issuance of the court order. According to Article 178 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the court order indicates the law on the basis of which the claim was satisfied. The reference in the court order to the documents examined by the judge, which are indicated in the application, do not correspond to the principle of order proceedings.
The problem of making corrections to a court order is relevant in judicial practice. According to D. I. Kovtkova, the court has the right, on its own initiative or at the request of persons, to correct the clerical errors and obvious arithmetic errors made in the issuance of the court order20, also on the basis of norm 261 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, analogies of the procedural norm (part 2 of article 14 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan) should be applied, in turn, can use the institution of issuing an additional court order, in accordance with article 262 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in order to unify the methods of correcting the incompleteness of the court order.
Many legal literatures indicate that the presentation by the debtor of an expression for the issuance of a court order is nothing more than confirmation of the existence of a dispute about the right, which excludes the possibility of the presentation of a judicial act for execution. According to M.P. Pronin, the court should cancel the court order in case of objections by the debtor, even if it is not sufficiently substantiated21.
There is one more problematic moment, not regulated by law, which leads to unintentional actions of bailiffs 22. This problem is considered to be the issuance of court orders and the initiation of enforcement proceedings for debtors who do not exist.
The court order is often canceled after the initiation of enforcement proceedings, on the basis of which the enforcement proceedings are terminated
10 Аболонин В.О. Поворот исполнения судебного приказа // ЭЖ- Юрист. №20. 2010. - С.28.
11 Чаплинский А.В. Доступ к судебном актам: проблемы и пути решения // Право. 1999. №4. - С.10.
12 Безруков А.М. Преюдициальная связь судебных актов. М.: Волтерс Клувер. 2011. - С.85.
13 Гармошина И.А. Дифференци, унификация и упрощение в гражданском судопроизводстве: Монография. - М.: Проспект. 2006. - С.178.
14 Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2019). ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДЕЛ О БАНКРОТСТВЕ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН. In ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ (pp. 163-170).
15 Синцов Г.В. О некоторых особенностях обращения в суд с заявлением о выдаче судебного приказа // Вопросы правоведения. №3 (24). 2017. - С.24.
16 Ибратова Ф. Б. Банкротство ликвидируемого субъекта
предпринимательства: проблемы и решения //Norwegian
Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 58-2.
17 Жилин Г.А. Правосудие по гражданским делам: актуальные вопросы. - М.: Проспект. 2011. - С.85.
18 Гуев А.И. Комментарий к ГПК РФ // СПС "Гарант". 2008. - С.185.
19 Мохов А.А. Комментарий к Гражданскому процессуальному кодексу Российской Федерации (постатейный). М.: Контракт. 2011. - С.185.
20 Ковтков Д.И. Приказное производство: правовое регулирование, проблемы и перспективы развития // Мировой сужья. №12. 2012. - С.85.
21 Пронина М.П. Современное приказное производство: проблемы применения // Юрист. №3. 2015. - С.15.
22 Burkhankhodzhaeva H., Ibratova F. LEGAL ISSUES OF BANKRUPTCY OF A CITY FORMING AND RELATED ENTERPRISES //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 63-2. - С. 16-20.
(part 2 of article 37 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the execution of judicial acts and acts of other bodies"). After the entry into legal force, according to the general rules of the action procedure, a writ of execution is issued, after the entry into legal force. Consequently, enforcement proceedings cannot be initiated during the period of appeal against the decision in the court of second instance.
REFERENCES:
1. Барышова, М. В., Белый, В. С., Глущенко, В. М., Ибратова, Ф. Б., Новиков, А. Н., & Пронькин, Н. Н. (2019). Социальное предпринимательство: научные исследования и практика.
2. Ibratova F. Legal Problems of the Concepts Legality, Justification and Justice by Judicial Acts //Middle European Scientific Bulletin. - 2021. - Т. 16.
3. Sh R., Ibratova F., Zh K. THE NATURE OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE JUDICIAL POWER OF UZBEKISTAN //Sciences of Europe. - 2021. - №. 79-3. - С. 10-12.
4. Есенбекова, Ф. Т., Эсанова, З. Н., & Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2021). ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ УТВЕРЖДЕНИЯ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ СУДОМ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ. In НАУКА И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И ИННОВАЦИИ (pp. 156-158).
5. Ibratova F. BANKRUPTCY OF A LIQUIDATED BUSINESS ENTITY: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS //Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science No. - 2021. - Т. 58. - С. 45.
6. Okyulov O. et al. GENERAL PROVISIONS ON INVALIDITY OF TRANSACTIONS IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEDUR //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 68. - С. 18-21.
7. Ibratova, F. B., Kirillova, E. A., Smolen, R., Bondarenko, N. G., Shebzuhova, T. A., & Vartumyan, A. A. (2017). Special features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions.
8. Ibratova F. TERMS IN CIVIL LAw AND ThEIR APPLICATION IN LEGAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS IN ThE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN.
9. https://lex.uz/docs/1455988#1458000
10. Esenbekova, F. T. (2019). Esenbekova FT, Okyulov O., Ruzinazarov Sh., Ibratova FB Features of the approval of the world agreement by the economic court: practice and theory. Editorial team, 10(39), 90.
11. Аболонин В.О. Поворот исполнения судебного приказа // ЭЖ- Юрист. №№20. 2010. - С.28.
12. Чаплинский А.В. Доступ к судебном актам: проблемы и пути решения // Право. 1999. №4. - С.10.
13. Безруков А.М. Преюдициальная связь судебных актов. М.: Волтерс Клувер. 2011. - С.85.
14. Гармошина И.А. Дифференци, унификация и упрощение в гражданском судопроизводстве: Монография. - М.: Проспект. 2006. - С.178.
15. Ибратова, Ф. Б. (2019). ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДЕЛ О БАНКРОТСТВЕ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН. In ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ (pp. 163-170).
16. Синцов Г.В. О некоторых особенностях обращения в суд с заявлением о выдаче судебного приказа // Вопросы правоведения. №3 (24). 2017. -С.24.
17. Ибратова Ф. Б. Банкротство ликвидируемого субъекта предпринимательства: проблемы и решения //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - N°. 58-2.
18. Жилин Г.А. Правосудие по гражданским делам: актуальные вопросы. - М.: Проспект. 2011. - С.85.
19. Гуев А.И. Комментарий к ГПК РФ // СПС "Гарант". 2008. - С.185.
20. Мохов А.А. Комментарий к Гражданскому процессуальному кодексу Российской Федерации (постатейный). М.: Контракт. 2011. - С.185.
21. Ковтков Д.И. Приказное производство: правовое регулирование, проблемы и перспективы развития // Мировой сужья. №12. 2012. - С.85.
22. Пронина М.П. Современное приказное производство: проблемы применения // Юрист. .№3. 2015. - С.15.
23. Burkhankhodzhaeva H., Ibratova F. LEGAL ISSUES OF BANKRUPTCY OF A CITY FORMING AND RELATED ENTERPRISES //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. -№. 63-2. - С. 16-20.
