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45JURISPRUDENCE
LEGAL NATURE OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIP IN BANKRUPTCY
Ibratova F.
Associate Professor of the Tashkent State Law University of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
PhD in Law Narzullaev O. Acting Professor of Tashkent State Law University Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Law
Abstract
The article deals with the issues of legal relations, analyzes the norms of private and public law when considering bankruptcy cases. It is concluded that the relations between the parties to the bankruptcy procedure are by their legal nature civil - legal, since their participants act in relation to each other as independent, equal and autonomous holders of rights and duty bearers.
Keywords: bankruptcy, legal relationship, private law, public law, civil law, court administrator.
The question of the nature of legal relations that develop during the development of bankruptcy procedures takes a lot of attention of researchers23, writing on this issue.
All of them point out that the bankruptcy legislation contains norms of private and public law24. Few of the authors believe that in the system of these norms it is necessary to separate those and other norms25. So, V.F. Popondopulo believes: "The legislation on insolvency is complex and consists of legislative and bylaws containing the norms of private and public law aimed at regulating a complex of interconnected in reality private (horizontal) and public (vertical) relations arising in connection with insolvency faces"26.
The majority of others are of the opinion that, in the current form, insolvency rules are a complex legal institution27. It is fair to say that V.F. Popondopulo proposes to differentiate "the institution of private law - the law of insolvency" and "the institution of public law -bankruptcy"28. A similar position is taken by V.S. Be-lykh, who comes to the conclusion that insolvency legislation is formed at the junction of public and private law, and therefore it is of a complex nature29. In this regard, one cannot but cite the point of view of E.A. Vasiliev, who asserts: "Relations arising as a result of
and in connection with the absolute insolvency of debtors are governed by a whole complex of material and procedural norms that form a specific institution of civil and commercial law - insolvency, or bankruptcy law"30. V.N. is even more categorical in his conclusions. Tkachev. He believes that when solving issues related to bankruptcy, the norms of civil, criminal, administrative, family, land and labor law, as well as civil and economic process are used, which "makes it impossible to study and understand the institution of bankruptcy within any one industry"31. M.V. Telyukina: "... attempts to separate the public and private aspects of competition law are difficult and thankless work, because by virtue of the very essence of competition relations, public and private competition elements are very strongly intertwined. It is more logical to assume that bankruptcy law is a complex legal institution that combines the norms of several private and public branches of law "32.
It should be noted that the authors, whose positions are stated above, have serious grounds for the above statements. The point is that one must distinguish between:
1) to what extent the Bankruptcy Law is comprehensive and
23 Ibratova F. Problems of a settlement in bankruptcy cases in economic courts //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2019. - №. 28-3.
24 Барышова, М. В., Белый, В. С., Глущенко, В. М., Ибратова, Ф. Б., Новиков, А. Н., & Пронькин, Н. Н. (2019). Социальное предпринимательство: научные исследования и практика.
25 Ибратова Ф. Б. Гражданско-правовые проблемы признания банкротами индивидуальных предпринимателей в Республике Узбекистан //Вопросы современной юриспруденции. - 2015. - №. 5-6 (47).
26 Попондопуло В. Ф. Коммерческое (предпринимательское) право. - 2004.
27 Ибратова Ф. Б. БАНКРОТСТВО ЛИКВИДИРУЕМОГО
СУБЪЕКТА ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ
И РЕШЕНИЯ //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 58-2.
28 Попондопуло В. Ф. Коммерческое (предпринимательское) право. - 2004.
29 Белых В. С. Концепция банкротства: законодательная модель и реальность //Российский юридический журнал. - 1995. - №. 3. - С. 37-48.
30 Гражданское и торговое право капиталистических государств / Под ред. Е.А. Васильева. М., 1993. С. 441.
31 Ткачев В. Н. Теоретические и практические проблемы правового регулирования несостоятельности (банкротства) особых категорий субъектов конкурсного права. -2008.
32 Телюкина М. В. Основы конкурсного права. - Wolters Kluwer Russia, 2004.
2) what is the nature of those relationships that develop in the process of bankruptcy33.
Indeed, one should agree with the opinions of scientists, the Law "On Bankruptcy" is really complex, since it contains the norms of civil law, economic process, labor law and other branches34.
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 24, 2003 No. 474-II "On Bankruptcy" states that state regulation in the field of bankruptcy is carried out by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the state body for bankruptcy cases.
The decisions of the state body on bankruptcy cases, taken within the limits of its authority, are binding on ministries, state committees, departments, other government bodies, legal entities and individuals35.
The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan: approves a unified procedure for submitting claims of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a creditor in bankruptcy procedures for monetary obligations and (or) mandatory payments; approves the procedure for attestation, qualification and professional requirements for persons carrying out activities as judicial administrators, and the procedure for maintaining a unified register of judicial administrators; approves the procedure for the activities of judicial administrators36; determines the procedure for the formation and use of the funds of the rehabilitation fund; establishes the procedure for the sale of property of bankrupt enterprises, in the authorized capital of which there is a state share37; exercises other powers in accordance with the legislation.
State body for bankruptcy cases:
- monitors the financial condition of enterprises, in the authorized capital of which there is a state share, in order to identify insolvent, loss-making and economically insolvent enterprises38;
- appeals to the economic court with an application for the initiation of a bankruptcy case of enterprises in the authorized capital of which there is a state share and (or) a debt to the Republic of Uzbekistan for monetary obligations;
- conducts certification of judicial administrators and maintains a unified register of judicial administrators;
- coordinates plans for pre-trial reorganization, judicial reorganization and external management of enterprises, in the statutory fund of which there is a state share;
- exercises control over the course of pre-trial reorganization with the provided state support, as well as over the course of bankruptcy procedures of enterprises in the authorized capital of which there is a state share;
- exercises control over the activities of judicial administrators in accordance with the legislation, applies with an application to the economic court to release the judicial administrator from the performance of duties if a systematic or one-time gross violation of the law is revealed in his activities;
- imposes fines on managers or other officials of enterprises, for which the financial condition is monitored, for failure to submit or untimely submission of materials on the financial and economic activities of these enterprises;
- exercises other powers in accordance with the legislation.
According to Article 44 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 474-II "On Bankruptcy" dated April 24, 2003, the prosecutor has the right to apply to the economic court with an application for declaring the debtor bankrupt: when they have discovered signs of concealing bankruptcy; in the interests of the lender.
M.V. Telyukina adheres to an extreme position in assessing the system of rules on bankruptcy, when she herself proceeds to analyze the relevant legal relations, then she admits the possibility of independent research of civil law problems39. This means that a separate (without involving the norms of other industries) consideration and understanding of the norms of civil law governing relations in bankruptcy procedures is possi-ble40
All of the above gives grounds to conclude that the relations between the parties to the bankruptcy procedure are by their legal nature civil - legal, since their participants act in relation to each other as independent, equal and autonomous holders of rights and duty bearers. The rules governing these relations are undoubtedly civil and constitute the bulk of the rules of bankruptcy legislation. They are the development of norms on subjects of civil law - individuals and legal entities and adjoin the relevant sections of the Civil Code.
At the same time, the peculiarity of the bankruptcy process is that it takes place under direct judicial con-trol41.
Almost every action of the participants in the procedure is performed with the sanction of the economic
33 Махнева Е. А., Столяров И. И. Развитие гражданских правоотношений в процедурах банкротства. - 2003.
34 Ibratova, F. B., Kirillova, E. A., Smolen, R., Bondarenko, N. G., Shebzuhova, T. A., & Vartumyan, A. A. (2017). Special features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions.
35 Ибратова Ф. Б. ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДЕЛ О БАНКРОТСТВЕ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН //ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ. - 2019. - С. 163-170.
36 Yunusova M., Ibratova F. LEGAL ISSUES OF THE
WORLD AGREEMENT IN BANKRUPTCY AS A
PROCEDURAL INSTITUTE //Norwegian Journal of Devel-
opment of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 62-2. - С.
10-14.
37 Esenbekova, F. T. (2019). Esenbekova FT, Okyulov O., Ruzinazarov Sh., Ibratova FB Features of the approval of the world agreement by the economic court: practice and theory. Editorial team, 10(39), 90.
38 Ibratova F., Egamberdiev D. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF OBSERVATION-BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE BY THE ECONOMIC COURT FOR LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2019. - №. 202. - С. 37-42.
39 Телюкина М. В. Основы конкурсного права. - Wolters Kluwer Russia, 2004.
40 Телюкина М. В. Основы конкурсного права. - Wolters Kluwer Russia, 2004.
41 Ibratova, F. B., Khabibullaev, D. Y., Esanova, Z. N., Egamberdiev, D. A., & Hakberdiev, A. A. (2019). Legal Issues of
court42. The court performs a number of actions on its own initiative. But even these actions are aimed at establishing, changing and terminating the civil rights and obligations of the participants. Providing a decisive influence on the dynamics of legal relations, judicial acts do not change its nature - it remains civil.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Ibratova F. Problems of a settlement in bankruptcy cases in economic courts //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2019. - №2. 28-3.
2. Барышова, М. В., Белый, В. С., Глущенко, В. М., Ибратова, Ф. Б., Новиков, А. Н., & Пронькин, Н. Н. (2019). Социальное предпринимательство: научные исследования и практика.
3. Ибратова Ф. Б. Гражданско-правовые проблемы признания банкротами индивидуальных предпринимателей в Республике Узбекистан //Вопросы современной юриспруденции. - 2015. - №2. 56 (47).
4. Попондопуло В. Ф. Коммерческое (предпринимательское) право. - 2004.
5. Ибратова Ф. Б. БАНКРОТСТВО ЛИКВИДИРУЕМОГО СУБЪЕКТА ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021. - №. 58-2.
6. Белых В. С. Концепция банкротства: законодательная модель и реальность //Российский юридический журнал. - 1995. - №. 3. - С. 37-48.
7. Гражданское и торговое право капиталистических государств / Под ред. Е.А. Васильева. М., 1993. С. 441.
8. Ткачев В. Н. Теоретические и практические проблемы правового регулирования несостоятельности (банкротства) особых категорий субъектов конкурсного права. - 2008.
9. Телюкина М. В. Основы конкурсного права. - Wolters Kluwer Russia, 2004.
10. Махнева Е. А., Столяров И. И. Развитие гражданских правоотношений в процедурах банкротства. - 2003.
11. Ibratova, F. B., Kirillova, E. A., Smolen, R., Bondarenko, N. G., Shebzuhova, T. A., & Vartumyan, A. A. (2017). Special features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions.
12. Ибратова Ф. Б. ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДЕЛ О БАНКРОТСТВЕ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН //ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ. - 2019. - С. 163-170.
13. Yunusova M., Ibratova F. LEGAL ISSUES OF THE WORLD AGREEMENT IN BANKRUPTCY AS A PROCEDURAL INSTITUTE //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. -2021. - №. 62-2. - С. 10-14.
14. Esenbekova, F. T. (2019). Esenbekova FT, Okyulov O., Ruzinazarov Sh., Ibratova FB Features of the approval of the world agreement by the economic court: practice and theory. Editorial team, 10(39), 90.
15. Ibratova F., Egamberdiev D. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF OBSERVATION-BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE BY THE ECONOMIC COURT FOR LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2019. - №. 20-2. - С. 37-42.
16. Телюкина М. В. Основы конкурсного права. - Wolters Kluwer Russia, 2004.
17. Ibratova, F. B., Khabibullaev, D. Y., Esanova, Z. N., Egamberdiev, D. A., & Hakberdiev, A. A. (2019). Legal Issues of Observation-Bankruptcy Procedures Applicable by the Economic Court of Uzbekistan. J. Advanced Res. L. & Econ., 10, 187.
18. Ibratova F., Esenbekova F. GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION ON CONCEPTIONAL PROCEDURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2021. - №. 38-2. - С. 20-24.
Observation-Bankruptcy Procedures Applicable by the Economic Court of Uzbekistan. J. Advanced Res. L. & Econ., 10, 187.
42 Ibratova F., Esenbekova F. GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION ON CONCEPTIONAL PROCEDURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2021. - №. 38-2. - C. 20-24.
