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LEGAL ISSUES OF BANKRUPTCY OF A CITY FORMING AND RELATED ENTERPRISES
Burkhankhodzhaeva H.,
Associate Professor of the Tashkent State Law University, Ph.D.
Ibratova F.
Associate Professor of the Tashkent State Law University, Ph.D.
Abstract
The article analyzes the signs of bankruptcy, the features of the introduction of external management in relation to the city-forming and equated enterprise. It is concluded that in the process of external management of the debtor - the city-forming organization, the enterprise can be sold as the only property complex, which will allow obtaining the funds necessary for settlements with creditors without resorting to liquidating the debtor, as well as preserving jobs.
Keywords: bankruptcy, external management, city-forming and equivalent enterprises, sale of the enterprise, meeting of creditors.
A case on the bankruptcy of a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it may be initiated by an economic court. According to the legislation of
Uzbekistan, if a debtor is unable to satisfy creditors' claims for monetary obligations and fulfill obligations
for obligatory payments, if the corresponding obligations and obligations are not fulfilled within six months from the date of their occurrence, provided that the claims against the debtor in aggregate amount to at least five thousand times the size of the base calculated value.
A city-forming and equivalent enterprise includes a legal entity, whose employees, taking into account their family members, make up at least half of the population of the corresponding settlement, or with a number of employees of at least three thousand people, or ensuring the maintenance of the defense capability and security of the state, or being a subject of natural monopolies ... Clause 34 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Economic Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 27, 2006 No. 142 "On some issues of the application of bankruptcy legislation by economic courts" indicates that when considering applications for initiating a bankruptcy case for a city-forming enterprise and an equivalent to it, economic courts should be guided by the Regulation on the procedure for classifying enterprises as city-forming and equated enterprises, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 30, 2015 No. 107.
The case of the bankruptcy of a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it is considered by the economic court with the participation of the relevant state authority in the field 2, as well as the corresponding superior body (ministry, state committee, department, economic management body).
When accepting an application for declaring a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it bankrupt, the economic court shall involve the said bodies in the case. The participation of these bodies is mandatory 3.
The peculiarity of the introduction of external management in relation to a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it is that in the absence of a decision of the meeting of creditors to apply to the economic court with a petition for the introduction of external management, the economic court may introduce an external management procedure at the request of the local government body4, ministries, state committee, department and economic management body when they provide security for the obligations of the debtor.
The plan of external management of a town-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it, prior to
its submission to the meeting of creditors, must be coordinated with the local government authority, and for enterprises carrying out the state defense order, with the ministry, state committee, department and economic management body.
In the course of external management of a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it, a transition to judicial reorganization is possible. At the request of the local government body and the ministry, state committee, department, economic management body, respectively, provided that it is secured for the fulfillment of the debtor's obligations, including by providing state guarantees5, the economic court may decide to proceed to judicial rehabilitation of the debtor, if such a procedure has not been applied to the debtor before6.
At the end of the initially granted period of external administration, the local government body, in order to further financial recovery of the city-forming and equated enterprise, has the right to apply to the economic court with a petition to extend external administration for a period of not more than one year7. Proceeding from this, the total period of external management of a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it should not exceed thirty-six months, which is an exception to the general rule established by Article 91 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbeksitan "On Bankruptcy".
The petition of the local government authority must be substantiated8. As a motivation for extending the term of external management, the inclusion in the financial recovery plan of additional investment of the debtor's activities, employment of employees, the creation of new jobs and other measures aimed at restoring the debtor's solvency can serve9. Such measures in practice can be the re-profiling of production for the production of more competitive products, the involvement of qualified specialists, etc.
So, at the request of a local government body, a ministry, a state committee, a department and an economic management body, subject to the submission of a surety for monetary obligations and obligatory payments of the debtor, the period of external management of the city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it can be extended up to five years. In this regard, the total term of external management of a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it, including the extension period, cannot exceed five years.
2 Ткачев В. Н. Теоретические и практические проблемы правового регулирования несостоятельности (банкротства) особых категорий субъектов конкурсного права. -2008.
3 Ibratova F., Khabibullaev D. LEGAL ISSUES OF SIGNS OF BANKRUPTCY AND THE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WORKERS IN CASES OF BANKRUPTCY OF EMPLOYERS UNDER THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Znanstvena Misel. - 2019. - №. 11-2. - С. 55-61.
4 Щербович И. А. Банкротство регулирует новый закон, старые проблемы остаются //Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета. - 2005. - №. 1.
5 Ибратова Ф. Б. Гражданско-правовые проблемы при-
знания банкротами индивидуальных предпринимателей
в Республике Узбекистан //Вопросы современной юриспруденции. - 2015. - №. 5-6 (47).
6 Ряховская А. Н. Антикризисное управление в современных условиях: проблемы, направления, решения //Имущественные отношения в Российской Федерации. - 2013. - №. 6 (141).
7 Ибратова Ф. Б. БАНКРОТСТВО ЛИКВИДИРУЕМОГО СУБЪЕКТА ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2021.-№. 58-2.
8 Барбашова Н. В. Проблема банкротства экологически опасных предприятий в контексте устойчивого развития региона //Проблемы законности. - 2014. - №. 125.
9 Барышова М. В. и др. Социальное предпринимательство: научные исследования и практика. - 2019.
Settlements with creditors must be started by the debtor and his guarantor within the extension period established by the economic court on the basis of a request from the local government authority, ministry, state committee, department and economic management body10. Settlements with creditors are made in accordance with Article 121 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Bankruptcy". At the same time, the Law does not provide for specific amounts of funds allocated to repay debts to creditors11, as well as the frequency of debt repayment.
If the debtor and his guarantor did not start settlements with creditors during the period of extension of external management established by the economic court on the basis of a petition from a local government authority, a ministry, a state committee, a department and an economic management body, the economic court has the right to make a decision on declaring the debtor bankrupt and opening liquidation proceedings12.
In order to satisfy the claims of creditors in the course of external management, the sale of the town-forming and equated debtor enterprise as a property complex may be carried out. The sale of a city-forming enterprise and an enterprise equivalent to it is carried out through a tender or auction.
Mandatory conditions for the sale of a city-forming enterprise at a tender are:
- preservation of jobs for at least 70 percent of employees employed at the city-forming enterprise at the time of its sale13;
- the obligation of the buyer, in the event of a change in the profile of the activity of the city-forming enterprise, to retrain or employ employees.
Obligatory conditions for the sale at a tender of an enterprise that ensures the maintenance of the defense capability and security of the state are:
- ensuring the preservation of the designated purpose of the property complex of the enterprise, ensuring the maintenance of the defense capability and security of the state, and mobilization property;
- execution of the debtor's contracts related to the performance of work under the state defense order, the provision of state needs in the field of defense capability and state security14.
Obligatory conditions for the sale at a tender of an enterprise that is a subject of natural monopolies are:
- the buyer's consent to assume the obligations of the debtor under contracts for the supply of goods,
10 Кован С. Е. Проблемы развития реабилитационного потенциала института банкротства //Стратегические решения и риск-менеджмент. - 2014. - №. 2 (83).
11 Ибратова Ф. Б. ПРАВОВЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ ПРИ РАССМОТРЕНИИ ДЕЛ О БАНКРОТСТВЕ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН //ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ. -2019. - С. 163-170.
12 Свириденко О. М. Концепция несостоятельности
(банкротства) в Российской Федерации: методология и
реализация //Режим доступа: М1р://%'%гмг. dissercat.
сот/(дата обращения: 05.11. 2016). - 2010.
which are the subject of regulation of legislation on natural monopolies, to ensure the availability of produced and (or) sold goods (works, services) for consumers;
- the buyer has a license to carry out the relevant type of activity, if the debtor's activity is subject to licensing.
Other conditions not provided for in Article 159 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Bankruptcy" may also be included in the purchase and sale agreement. This requires the will of the creditors, opposed by them by voting at the meeting in accordance with the law.
If the town-forming and equivalent enterprise was not sold on the terms of a tender, it is subject to sale at an auction.
If the property of an enterprise carrying out a state defense order contains limited circulating property, the sale of such an enterprise is carried out in the form of a tender only at a closed auction, the participants of which can only be persons who, in accordance with the law, may have the specified property15.
The property of the sold enterprise, which fulfills the state defense order, withdrawn from circulation, is transferred to the owner of the property no later than three months from the moment of his notification of the presence of such property by the external manager.
Ministries, state committees, departments and economic management bodies, within a month after the signing of the protocol on the results of the auction, have the preemptive right to acquire an enterprise fulfilling the state defense order at the price established as a result of the auction16.
The local government authority, within a month after the signing of the protocol on the results of the auction, has the preemptive right to acquire the enterprise - the subject of the natural monopoly at the price established as a result of the auction.
When selling the property of a city-forming and an equivalent debtor enterprise, declared bankrupt, the liquidator must offer the enterprise for sale at the first auction as a property complex.
If the property of the town-forming and equivalent enterprise-debtor was not sold as a property complex, then the sale of the property of the debtor is carried out in accordance with Article 111 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Bankruptcy".
The property of a debtor enterprise, which is a subject of a natural monopoly, used by it in the production and (or) sale of goods (works, services), is put up for auction only as a property complex17.
13 Карелина С. А. Правовое регулирование несостоятельности (банкротства): учеб.-практ. пособие:[для вузов по направлению и специальности" Юриспруденция"]. - Wolters Kluwer Russia, 2006.
14 Ibratova F. B. et al. Special features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions. - 2017.
15 Кондрат Е. Н. Банкротство ликвидируемого должника в концепции финансовой безопасности государства //Вестник экономической безопасности. - 2010. - №. 4.
16 Сверчкова О. Ф. Банкротство предприятий: основные проблемы и пути их решения //Известия высших учебных заведений. Северо-Кавказский регион. Технические науки. - 2003. - №. 2.
17 Студенцова О. А. Правовое регулирование процедур
The liquidation manager is obliged to ensure the execution of contracts for the supply of goods (works, services) of the debtor enterprise, which is a subject of a natural monopoly, during the period of liquidation proceedings in cases where the termination of the execution of such contracts violates the conditions of life of the population or the activities of enterprises with a continuous production cycle18.
The liquidation proceedings of the debtor enterprise, which is the subject of a natural monopoly, must be completed within a period not later than six months from the date of the decision of the economic court and the appointment of the liquidation manager. If at the end of the specified period the property of the enterprise remains unsold, then the liquidation manager, by the decision of the meeting of creditors, and in case of his refusal, by the decision of the local government body, completes the liquidation proceedings by replacing assets in accordance with the procedure provided for in Article 115 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On bankruptcy".
Thus, special rules on the bankruptcy of a city-forming debtor to some extent overcome the shortcomings of the Bankruptcy Law associated with the need to preserve a single production and technological complex of the debtor, as well as more active participation in the procedure of local government bodies, ministries, state committee, department19. However, even the possibility of declaring bankrupt such large and socially significant enterprises did not prompt the legislator to toughen the signs of bankruptcy and the grounds for its initiation; there are no additional requirements in the law for judicial administrators who carry out bankruptcy procedures for such commercial organizations. Summarizing the above, we come to the following conclusions:
1. When regulating the bankruptcy of city-forming enterprises, the main problem is the social protection of both the employees of the enterprises themselves and the residents of the settlement. Therefore, it seems to us that the bankruptcy procedure of these enterprises should be carried out extremely carefully and carefully.
2. The law on bankruptcy has developed the concept of a city-forming organization in sufficient detail. It significantly simplifies the process of classifying enterprises as city-forming, which is a significant step forward.
3. The positive innovations of the Law include the involvement of additional subjects in the bankruptcy procedure - the local government authority, ministries, state committee, department. The possibilities provided by the Law to involve the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan in this procedure should be positively assessed.
4. The specific features of this category of bankruptcy include the introduction of a guarantee mechanism for the obligations of the debtor by the relevant
банкротства по законодательству России и США: сравнительный анализ. - 2006.
18 Ibratova F., Egamberdiev D. PURPOSE AND
SIGNIFICANCE OF OBSERVATION-BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE BY THE ECONOMIC COURT FOR LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
authorities and subsidiary liability to its creditors, even in cases where the meeting of creditors advocates declaring the debtor bankrupt.
5. The law regulates the grounds for extending the external management of a city-forming organization, for which it provides for a plan for its financial recovery.
6. In the process of external management of the debtor - the city-forming organization, the enterprise can be sold as the only property complex, which will allow obtaining the funds necessary for settlements with creditors without resorting to liquidating the debtor, as well as preserving jobs.
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