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15LEGAL ISSUES ABOUT FRAUD INCISION IN THE FIELD OF INSURANCE: THEORY AND
PRACTICE
Egamberdiev D.
teacher of the department international law and human rights Tashkent State University of Law
Abstract
This article discusses the concept of insurance, its essence, legal framework, insurance organizations. It also considers dramatization in the field of insurance, crimes related to illegal receipt of insurance compensation, as well as liability provided for by the relevant articles of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Keywords: insurance, dramatization, fraud, contract, theft, false denunciation.
Insurance is one of the important elements in the system of market relations. It refers to financial relations associated with the performance of specific functions in the economy.
Insurance is a special type of economic activity associated with the redistribution of the risk of damage to property interests among the insurance participants (policyholders) and carried out by insurers that ensure the accumulation of insurance premiums26, the formation of insurance reserves and the implementation of insurance payments in case of damage to the insured property interests.
All over the world, "special attention is paid to insurance services as a support factor that creates conditions for the development of the economy27. Timely provision of the rights and obligations of the parties to the insurance contract serves to increase the reserve of insurance premiums"28.
The essence of insurance protection as an economic category consists, first of all, in the presence of insurance risk and a set of protective measures. The implementation of these measures is possible only with the organization of a special fund of material resources, usually referred to as an insurance fund29. Thus, the sources of coverage for needs or losses are monetary funds created by insurance companies (insurers) at the expense of insurance premiums (insurance premiums) paid by legal entities and individuals (policyholders))30.
The legal foundations of the insurance business
26 Ibratova F., Esenbekova F. GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATION ON CONCEPTTONAL PROCEDURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2021. - №. 38-2. - С. 20-24.
27 Ибратова Ф. Б. Гражданско-правовые проблемы признания банкротами индивидуальных предпринимателей в Республике Узбекистан //Вопросы современной юриспруденции. - 2015. - №. 5-6 (47).
28 Хакбердиев А.А. Об инсценировке в сфере страхования //теоретические аспекты юриспруденции и вопросы правоприменения. - 2020. - с. 46-51.
29 Ibratova F., Egamberdiev D. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF OBSERVATION-BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE BY THE ECONOMIC COURT FOR LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Polish Journal of Science. - 2019. - №. 202. - С. 37-42.
30 Закона Республики Узбекистан от 5 апреля 2002 года,
№ 359-II.
are defined in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 5, 2002, No. 359-II "On insurance activities", the Civil Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other laws and regulations31, as well as by the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 19, 2018 No. 17 "On some issues of the application of legislation by courts in resolving disputes arising from contracts".
It should be noted that with the simultaneous development of the insurance sector, the creation of favorable rules and conditions for insurance in the insurance market, and an increase in the legal culture of contractual relations in insurance, there is a tendency for an increase in crimes32. The most common of these is fraud. As noted by Professor M.Kh. Rustambaev: "Fraud is one of the most common crimes against property and consists in taking possession of someone else's property or the right to someone else's property through deception or abuse of trust. A distinctive feature of fraud is not only the method of its commission, but also the object of the encroachment, specially highlighted in the law"33.
Although there are no exact statistics on losses from fraud in Uzbekistan, according to criminal statistics, it occupies a leading position in overall crime.
Taking into account that insurance is also important for national security, being an essential part of the financial market and allows you to compensate for losses from various emergencies in the country34.
31 Законы Республики Узбекистан: от 16 апреля 2009 года, № ЗРУ-210 «Об обязательном страховании гражданской ответственности работодателя»; от 2015 года, №ЗРУ- «Об обязательном страховании гражданской ответственности перевозчика»; Постановление Президента Республики Узбекистан от 02 августа 2019 года, ПП-4412 «О мерах по реформированию и обеспечению ускоренного развития страхового рынка Республики Узбекистан»
32 Ibratova F. B. et al. Special features of modern legal systems: cases and collisions. - 2017.
33 Рустамбаев М.Х. Комментарий к Уголовному кодексу Республики Узбекистан. Особенная часть. - Ташкент: Укитувчи, 2004. - с. 320.
34 Ibratova F. Problems of a settlement in bankruptcy cases in economic courts //Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. - 2019. - №. 28-3.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the fight against criminal phenomena in insurance, tk. at present, the problem of combating insurance fraud is becoming urgent.
I must say that fraudulent actions can be characterized from various angles and positions. First, fraud can be committed at all stages of the conclusion and execution of an insurance contract, in particular:
1) when concluding an insurance contract;
2) during the period of its validity35;
3) during the period of concluding an insurance contract after the occurrence of an "insured" event.
Therefore, the fraudulent actions of policyholders can be disclosed from the standpoint of the stages of concluding and executing insurance contracts.
Secondly, in order to take possession of the funds of insurance organizations, fraudsters in a number of cases artificially create an insured event, that is, they stage a crime. Thus, simultaneously with fraud, they commit such types of crimes as: "False denunciation" (Article 237 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan) and "Perjury" (Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan).
Fraud committed by these persons is often committed in conjunction with other types of crimes.
Judicial practice shows that fraudulent actions are becoming more and more sophisticated, acquire a pronounced intellectual characte36, often have a multi-episode and interregional character, are committed by organized criminal groups using modern information technologies, disguise as civil law tort37.
All this requires law enforcement officers to acquire sufficient professional knowledge in mastering new methods of combating insurance fraud. 38.
It seems that this work, prepared on the basis of generalizing the work of insurance companies, the practice of law enforcement agencies and security services of insurance organizations, will help to eliminate this gap to a certain extent.
As practice shows, among various types of insurance, vehicles (as a rule, cars) are most often insured against theft, property - against theft and other crimes39. In the event of these circumstances, the policyholder has the right to receive insurance benefits.
In a number of cases, unscrupulous policyholders artificially create an insured event for the purpose of fraudulent seizure of funds of insurance organizations. staged theft of a car, theft of property, robbery or robbery, etc.
In such cases, the policyholder, along with notifying the insurance organization about the occurrence of
35 Хакбердиев А. А. Угирлик ва талончиликка таьлукли булган инсценировкани тергов кдлиш //журнал правовых исследований. - 2020. - т. 5. - №. 1.
36 Барышова М. В. и др. Социальное предпринимательство: научные исследования и практика. - 2019.
37 Такая проблема поднималась в постановлениях Пле-
нума Верховного суда Республики Узбекистан: от 17 ап-
реля 1998 года №11 (с изменениями и дополнениями) «О некоторых вопросах, возникших в судебной практике по
делам о преступлениях в сфере экономики»; от 21 мая 2004 года № 4 (с изменениями и дополнениями) «О некоторых применения закона о либерализации наказаний за преступления в сфере экономики».
the insured event, informs the law enforcement agencies about the crime committed - theft of a car, property (Article 169 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan) or theft of a vehicle (Article 267 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan), robbery ( Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan), etc., i.e. makes a knowingly false report about the commission of a crime. These illegal actions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan qualify as a crime under Art. 237 "False denunciation".
Along with this, the insured, having made a knowingly false report about a committed crime, is forced to support his statement during interrogations in a criminal case and gives a knowingly false testimony as a witness or hijacking (Article 237 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan) or a victim or an expert or translator. Thus, he commits an unlawful act, qualified under Art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Perjury". It should be noted that among the judicial, investigative and prosecutorial workers there is no single point of view on the qualification of this complex of actions, united by a single intent and pur-pose40.
This is evidenced by the analysis of 44 criminal cases on illegal receipt of insurance amounts related to fraudulent actions committed by staging thefts and thefts of insured personal vehicles (in Tashkent, Tashkent, Syrdarya, Jizzakh and Samarkand regions of Uzbekistan). Of them:
in 63.6% of cases (28 criminal cases), the preliminary investigation bodies and the court qualified these acts under only one article on fraud (Article 168 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan);
27.3% of cases (12 criminal cases) were qualified under the article on fraud and false denunciation (Articles 168 and 237 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan);
in 9.1% of cases (4 criminal cases), these acts were qualified on the basis of a combination of articles on fraud, false denunciation and perjury (Articles 168, 237 and 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan).
According to the author, if in the first case the fraud was committed by a specific guilty person for the purpose of fraud or by a group of persons with the same single purpose, then the actions of criminals associated with false denunciation or perjury will constitute a way of committing a crime, i.e. a way of tricks (dramatization) and an additional set of Art. 237 or 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan is not required. This is evidenced by the provision of Part 2 of
38Хакбердиев А.А. Понятие криминальной инсценировки, его элементы, методы обнаружения и расследования //review of law sciences. - 2020. - №. 4.
39 Ibratova F. B. et al. Legal Issues of Observation-Bankruptcy Procedures Applicable by the Economic Court of Uzbekistan //J. Advanced Res. L. & Econ. - 2019. - Т. 10. - С. 187.
40 Хакбердиев А. Выдвижение версий по преступным инсценировкам при осмотре места происшествия, их проверка и распознание // Review of law sciences. - 2020. - Т. 1. - №. Спецвыпуск.
Art. 33 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Cumulative Crimes), which says: "If an act committed by a person contains signs of crimes provided for by different parts of the same article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, liability arises under the part of the article that establishes a more severe punishment. In this case, for a person who committed fraud alone using a staging, it can be qualified according to part number. 1 or 2 or 3 tbsp. 168 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and if in the group of persons assisting him (who participated), then by h. 2 or 3 tbsp. 168 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In two other cases, if the perpetrators of crimes related to false denunciation or perjury did not have a specific purpose of committing fraud as part of a group (for example, for a mercenary or other purpose not related to fraud), then they should only be held liable under Art. 237 or 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Providing deliberately false information about the crime committed, without pursuing the goal of fraud, the insured forces law enforcement agencies to carry out various measures to verify the information specified by him, initiate a criminal case and conduct investigative actions on it41. Thus, in his actions there are all the signs of a crime classified under Art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which are not covered by such corpus delicti as fraud.
Thus, despite all the above cases of qualification of criminal cases, in order to identify and prove staged, it is important for all of them to carry out the necessary investigative and operational-search actions to achieve the truth and fair punishment of the Vinny.
The volume of this thesis does not allow us to consider this problem in more detail from the point of view of tactics and methods of disclosing and investigating the staged fraud in the insurance industry.
REFERENCES:
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14. Такая проблема поднималась в постановлениях Пленума Верховного суда Республики Узбекистан: от 17 апреля 1998 года №11 (с изменениями и дополнениями) «О некоторых вопросах, возникших в судебной практике по делам о преступлениях в сфере экономики»; от 21 мая 2004 года № 4 (с изменениями и дополнениями) «О некоторых применения закона о либерализации наказаний за преступления в сфере экономики».
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16. Ibratova F. B. et al. Legal Issues of Observation-Bankruptcy Procedures Applicable by the Economic Court of Uzbekistan //J. Advanced Res. L. & Econ. - 2019. - Т. 10. - С. 187.
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41 Ibratova F., Khabibullaev D. LEGAL ISSUES OF SIGNS OF BANKRUPTCY AND THE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WORKERS IN CASES OF BANKRUPTCY
OF EMPLOYERS UNDER THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN //Znanstvena Misel. - 2019. - №. 11-2. - C. 55-61.
