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65SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 1 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF NEOLOGISMS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE
Sh. I. Akhmedov
Teacher of the Department of Middle Eastern Languages of SamSIFL
ABSTRACT
Uzbek, like other languages, is becoming lexically richer. Words from sister and non-sister languages were adopted into Uzbek without any changes and are used in communication. In addition, the development of science and technology is contributing to the introduction of new words into the Uzbek language.
Keywords: neologisms, neoplazms, various aspects of new words, adaptation of borrowings.
INTRODUCTION
The vocabulary of the Uzbek language is also enriched by external sources. There is no language in the world that can develop on its own without mentioning other languages. The Uzbek language is no exception. Assimilated neologisms are considered to be periodic. For example, words such as bus, trolleybus, and subway, which were once new terms, have lost their novelty and become modern lexical units. The dramatic changes in social life that began in the mid-1980s led to radical changes in linguistics, as in all areas. This situation is especially strong in the lexicon of the Uzbek language [1, 264.].
METHODOLOGY
The granting of the status of the state language to the Uzbek language and the achievement of the will and freedom of the Uzbek people accelerated this process, and hundreds and thousands of neologisms appeared in our language. In particular, new terms have emerged in the banking sector, such as economics, banking and credit, and diplomacy. These include terms such as market economy, licensing, monitoring, receivable, quota, manager, management, gross debt, franc market.
Emerging words can be classified according to various aspects. First of all, they are called socio-political terms: minister, ministry, office, governor, district, agro-firm, farmer; economic terms: dealer, leasing, engineering, market infrastructure; scientific and technical terms: internet, computer, disk drive, scanner; lexical units related to school-education: academic lyceum, college, program, etc. can be divided into dozens of areas. Among the neologisms of assimilation there are transient, hasty, artificially formed lexemes. For example: magazine, magazine, magazine, opener, writer, program, university. They were quickly rejected by the people. Most of the neologisms are assimilated in two different ways: 1) On the basis of internal possibilities (expansion of
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VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 1 I 2021 ISSN: 2181-1601
meaning, through the use of derivation): transparency, alternative, reconstruction, auction, governor, office. 2) At the expense of external opportunities (by word of mouth): modemogram, video equipment, matiz, kick boxing, karate, damas, tiko, nexia [www.fayllar.org].
Assimilation neologisms determine the level of expressive capacity of a language. During the years of independence, our lives have changed dramatically. New concepts have emerged. New concepts are more internal features of the language:
a) to speak in dialects;
b) is based on the use of word formation.
Sometimes words come from other languages in different ways.
These are derived words. Know that there is no language in the world that does not speak other languages. Just as the words struggle, side, half, and honest are entering all the languages of the world, our language is also enriched by derived words that represent a number of new concepts that have entered our lives [2, 108.].
DISCUSSION
It has long been known that 3 components play an important role in the formation of the Uzbek lexicon. These are:
1. All words are derived from the oldest Turkic language and play an important role in the development of Uzbek lexicon, in addition, everyday words and phrases are reflected in the above elements.
2. Assimilated words, such words come from other languages, such as Arabic, Persian-Tajik, Russian, German, French, Spanish, English and others. The interesting thing is that these words are mainly a combination of classical languages (Arabic, Turkish, Persian-Tajik).
3. Assimilation neologisms, words of this type are formed by adding suffixes, prefixes and suffixes to words that exist in the language.
In addition to the three components listed above, secondary elements also contribute to the development of vocabulary. These are:
- Onomatopoeia, the formation of one word from another;
- Abbreviated words, abbreviated names only in capital letters;
- The entry of foreign words into our language and their use leads to the emergence of certain new words in our language, and this group of words is called assimilated words;
- Words are based on words, that is, words are formed and enter our language without any changes in their form and meaning. For example: bar, film, leader;
- Most people know familiar words without any changes or additions: bar, movie, leader, because such words perform the function of Uzbek words, and some people on the contrary, they do not know the words that have been added, that have been changed.
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For example, how many speakers know that some words come from English or French? Some adjectives are expressed in their original form or in a form that corresponds to them: for example, French bojole, vest, coat, English punch and ponce, roastbeef and rosbif (or rosbiffe) we can mention.
RESULTS
Most of the borrowed words are translated words. There are two main types of such words:
They are semantically translated words. We can see in the meaning and form of the word that comes from a foreign language that it corresponds to the Uzbek language and is used. For example, comfort (household services) is expressed in English as comforts. Or the authoritarian word in Uzbek a few years ago meant "rendere autorevole," meaning "to work independently."
A group of words translated from a foreign language into Uzbek by direct translation kalka: sky-scraper in English; klassen kampf in German.
Assimilation is an important process in which words are linked. The relationship between assimilation neologisms and bilingualism is evident in the use of bilingualism by speakers, depending on the situation and place. The origin of borrowed words can be seen in the influence of vernacular or other languages, as well as in the mutual appreciation of the two languages. This is the case in German and Romance.
We can distinguish words by importance and wealth. First, when the word is accompanied by a referent (i.e., object and idea, thought), for example, the word patata gaytan is introduced into Italian through Spanish, or the word caffe is derived from Turkish, zero Arabic words such as tram, transistor, juke-box (which did not have zero in Roman numerals) came from English.
The stylistic and social status of the acquired words plays an important role in terms of richness. It serves to remember the society, culture, living conditions: the richness of the acquired words is reflected in the words leader, flirt, baby-sitter, weekend. English words and phrases are sometimes short because they are easy to understand: in the language of journalism, they explain the words that occur in the field, for example, boom, show Italian equivalents show (type of theater, a few different bo The Italian equivalent sit-in, consisting of gins, is to gather an audience in a particular place).
CONCLUSION
We need to be able to correctly distinguish between the neologism of a real assimilation and the figurative meaning of a word that comes from a foreign language. For example, some Middle Eastern scholars used figurative meanings of words when they could remember them well but could not pronounce them.
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What are neologisms? Includes nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Assimilative verbs and adjectives combine in a narrow linguistic sense, and also create a bilingual environment. It should also be noted that assimilated words are also called elements of morphology.
Modern linguistics emphasizes neologisms as the main characters in the evolution of linguistics. A new word means a rich vocabulary. The whole process of forming a new word is called neology.
Assimilation neologisms are rapidly formed and developed in areas where news and news spread rapidly. As mentioned above, assimilation neologisms are also formed from existing words, abbreviations, acronyms, and by changing the sounds of a word. The following types of language neologisms are observed: Variables are neologisms that have a new meaning and are used in a narrow sense by a single culture.
Common neologisms used by society but not yet linguistically accepted. Stable is a self-contained neologism that everyone recognizes, uses, and continues.
There are the following types of neologisms:
Scientific is a group of words created to classify a new term or rule created in science.
Technology is a set of words that have come into use with the advent of new techniques and technologies.
Political is a term widely used to describe new terms and commands introduced into politics and economics.
REFERENCES
1. Begmatov E.A. Anthroponymy of the Uzbek language. - Tashkent: Fan, 2013-264 p.
2. Rahmatullayev Sh. Annotated dictionary of Uzbek homonyms. - Tashkent: Teacher, 1984.- 108 p.
3. www.fayllar.org
